Saamaynta ka-hortagga ee surfactants

Saabuunta surfactants waa astaamaha aasaasiga ah ee siiya surfactants faa'iidadooda ugu weyn ee wax ku oolka ah. Waxay si dhow ula xiriirtaa nolol maalmeedka kumanaan qoys waxaana sidoo kale si isa soo taraysa loogu isticmaalaa warshado kala duwan iyo wax soo saarka warshadaha.

1.Saamaynta ka hortagga jeermiska of waxyaabaha surfactants-ka ah

Faybarro, balaastig iyo alaabooyin kale ayaa badanaa dhaliya koronto aan dhaqdhaqaaq lahayn sababtoo ah is jiidjiid, taasoo saameysa waxqabadka isticmaalka alaabadaas. Tusaale ahaan, haddii dharka fiilada ay wataan koronto aan dhaqdhaqaaq lahayn, waxay badanaa la kulmaan cillado sida "ku dhegganaansho" ama "ku dhegganaansho aan dhaqdhaqaaq lahayn", iyo sidoo kale inay u nugul yihiin inay nuugaan boodhka oo ay si fudud u wasakhoobaan. Saamaynta korontada aan dhaqdhaqaaq lahayn ee alaabada balaastikada ah ayaa xitaa ka sii muhiimsan: alaabada noocaas ah si fudud uma nuugaan boodhka, taasoo wiiqaysa hufnaantooda, nadaafadooda dusha sare iyo muuqaalkooda, laakiin sidoo kale waxay yareysaa waxqabadkooda iyo qiimahooda.

Si loo baabi'iyo dhacdadan taagan, habka ka hortagga istaatiijiyadda ee loo adeegsado surfactants ayaa inta badan la qaataa hadda. Surfactants-ka noocaas ah waxaa loo yaqaan wakiilada ka hortagga istaatiijiyadda.

2.Elektrostaatig ahdhacdooyinka iyo sababaha ay u

In kasta oo natiijooyinka taxanaha dallacaadda fiilada ee ay heleen cilmi-baarayaal kala duwan ay si yar u kala duwan yihiin, haddana fiilooyinka ka kooban isku-xidhka amide sida dhogorta, nayloon iyo dhogorta macmalka ah ayaa u muuqda inay si togan u dallacaan. Xaaladaha dallacaadda ee balaastikada caadiga ah waxaa lagu muujiyay Shaxda 10-2. Taxanaha dallacaadda ee walxaha caadiga ah laga bilaabo togan ilaa taban waa sidan soo socota: (+) Polyurethane - Timaha - Naylon - Dhogor - Xariir - Fiber Viscose - Suuf - Cinjir adag - Fiber Acetate - Vinyl - Polypropylene - Polyester - Polyacrylonitrile - Polyvinyl chloride - Vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer - Polyethylene - Polytetrafluoroethylene (-). In kasta oo aan weli si buuxda loo fahmin sababta keentay soo saarista korontada taagan, haddana guud ahaan waxaa la isku raacsan yahay in korontada taagan ay soo baxdo marka noocyada kala duwan ee walxaha ay isku xoqaan, taasoo keenta in dallacaadaha dhaqaaqa ay u wareegaan walxaha la xoqay. Nooca dallacaadda ee walaxdu siddo waxaa lagu go'aamin karaa faa'iidada ama khasaaraha elektroonada. Shay wuxuu noqdaa mid si togan u dallaca haddii uu lumiyo elektroonada, oo si taban u dallaca haddii uu helo elektroonada.

3.Wakiilka ka hortagga jeermiska

Waxaa jira laba hab oo ugu muhiimsan oo lagu baabi'inayo korontada taagan:

(1) Habka Fiisikiska. Maadaama baaxadda korontada taagan ay saameyso heerkulka iyo qoyaanka, hababka fiisikiska sida hagaajinta heerkulka iyo qoyaanka iyo dheecaanka korona ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu baabi'iyo korontada taagan ee dusha sare ee walxaha.

(2) Habka kiimikada dusha sare. Taas macnaheedu waa, surfactants, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan wakiilada ka hortagga istaatiijiyadda, ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo dusha sare ee fiilooyinka iyo alaabada balaastikada ah ama lagu qaso gudaha balaastikada si loo gaaro ujeeddada baabi'inta korantada taagan.

4.wakiilka ka hortagga istaroogga ee fiilooyinka

4.1Shuruudaha wakiilka antistatic:

(1) Waa in aysan beddelin dareenka gacanta ee fiilooyinka;

(2) Waa inay leedahay saameyn aad u fiican oo ka hortagta istaroogga iyadoo leh qiyaas yar waxayna ahaan doontaa mid wax ku ool ah heerkulka hooseeya;

(3) Waa inay si fiican ula jaanqaaddaa fiilooyinka resin-ka;

(4) Waa inay muujisaa iswaafajin aad u wanaagsan oo lala yeesho waxyaabaha kale ee lagu daro;

(5) Waa in aanay keenin xumbo ama wasakh biyood;

(6) Waa inaysan sun ahayn oo aan cuncun u geysanayn maqaarka;

(7) Waa inay ilaalisaa xasilloonida wanaagsan.

4.2Noocyada Wakiilada Ka-hortagga Aan Joogtada Ahayn

Noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee wakiilada ka hortagga istaatiijiyadda ee loo isticmaalo fiilooyinka waa cationic iyo amphoteric ionic surfactants.

4.3Habka Ficilka Wakiilada Ka-hortagga Aan Joogtada Ahayn

Surfactants-ka loo isticmaalo sida wakiilada ka hortagga faybarka, habka ka hortagga istaatiijiyadda wuxuu inta badan ku lug leeyahay laba dhinac: ka hortagga soo saarista korontada taagan ee dusha sare ee dharka fiber-ka sababtoo ah is jiidjiid iyo dallacaadaha dusha sare ee kala firdhisan. Ka hortagga korontada isku-dhafka ah waxay si dhow ula xiriirtaa qaab-dhismeedka surfactants-ka, halka kala firdhinta dallacaadaha dusha sare ay la xiriirto xaddiga nuugista iyo hygroscopicity ee surfactants-ka ee ku jira dharka fiber-ka.

Cationic surfactants si fudud ayay ugu nuugaan dusha sare ee fiber-ka ee taban iyagoo adeegsanaya dallacaaddooda togan.

① Waxay dhexdhexaadin karaan dallacaadaha dusha sare ee fiilooyinka;

② Marka walxaha cationic-ga ah ay ku nuugaan dusha sare ee fiber-ka iyagoo wata ion ammonium quaternary ah oo si togan u dallacaya iyadoo silsiladahooda hydrocarbon-ka ee hydrophobic ay u jeedaan dibadda, filim nuugid jiho ah oo ka kooban silsilado hydrocarbon ah ayaa ka sameysma dusha sare ee fiber-ka. Filimkani si wax ku ool ah ayuu u yareeyaa xoogga is jiidjiidka ee ka soo baxa dusha sare ee fiber-ka inta lagu jiro is jiidjiidka, taasoo daciifisa korontada is jiidjiidka.

Fiilooyinka macmalka ah ee leh polarity hooseeya iyo hydrophobicity xooggan, cationic surfactants waxay ku nuugaan dusha sare ee fiber-ka iyagoo adeegsanaya xoogagga van der Waals iyagoo adeegsanaya silsiladahooda hydrocarbon hydrophobic, iyadoo kooxaha ammonium-kooda polar quaternary ay u jeedaan dibadda. Tani waxay ku daboolaysaa dusha sare ee fiber-ka kooxo polar hydrophilic ah, kuwaas oo aan kaliya kor u qaadin socodka korantada ee dusha sare ee fiber-ka laakiin sidoo kale kordhiya qoyaanka dusha sare, taasoo sahlaysa kala firdhinta korantada taagan ee ka dhalata isku dhaca iyo gaarista saameyn antistatic ah.

Qadarka nuugista ee dioctadecyl ammonium chloride ee dusha sare ee fiber-ka dabiiciga ah ayaa si weyn uga sarreeya kan fiilooyinka synthetic-ga, taasoo muujinaysa saameynteeda ka-hortagga joogtada ah ee fiilooyinka dabiiciga ah.

Sida surfactants-ka cationic, surfactants-ka amphoteric waxay qaadaan dallacaad togan waxayna sidoo kale ku nuugi karaan dusha sare ee fiber-ka si xun loo dallacay si ay u dhexdhexaadiyaan dallacaadyada taagan. Kooxahooda hydrophobic-ka ayaa sidoo kale yareeya is-qabsiga. Marka la barbardhigo surfactants-ka cationic, waxay sidoo kale ka kooban yihiin koox anionic ah qaab-dhismeedkooda molecular-ka, taasoo suurtogalinaysa kor u qaadida qoyaanka iyo kala-baxa dallacaadda. Sidaa darteed, surfactants-ka amphoteric ionic waa wakiillo ka-hortagga static-ka oo waxqabad sare leh, inkastoo ay ku kacayaan qiimo aad u sarreeya.

Surfactants-ka Anionic iyo kuwa aan ionic ahayn waxay muujiyaan saameyn liddi ku ah antistatic-ka sababtoo ah xaddigooda nuugista yar ee dusha sare ee fiber-ka. Qadarka nuugista ee surfactants-ka aan ionic ahayn ayaa ka sarreeya kan surfactants-ka anionic maadaama aysan saameyn ku yeelanayn dallacaadaha dusha sare ee fiber-ka; si kastaba ha ahaatee, awooddooda ay ku kala firdhiyaan korontada taagan waa mid daciif ah, taasoo keentay waxqabad liddi ku ah antistatic oo aad u hooseeya marka la barbar dhigo surfactants-ka cationic iyo amphoteric ionic.

5.Walxaha lidka ku ah balaastikada

Habka ay u shaqeeyaan walxaha ka hortagga istaatiijiyadda ee balaastikada: Surfactants waxay ku nuugaan dusha sare ee balaastikada iyada oo loo marayo van der Waals waxay ku qasbaan silsiladahooda hydrocarbon-ka ee hydrophobic, iyadoo kooxahooda cidhifyada ah ay dibadda u fidsan yihiin. Filim nuugid jiho ah oo surfactants ah ayaa ka sameysma dusha sare ee balaastikada, taasoo bixisa koronto-qaadis u oggolaanaysa dallacaadaha taagan inay si wax ku ool ah u kala daataan. Dhanka kale, filimka nuugista ayaa sidoo kale yareeya is-jiidjiidka dusha sare ee balaastikada.

Walxaha ka hortagga antistatic-ka ee balaastikada ah waxaa loo kala saaraa nooca surfactant sida soo socota:

(1) Nooca anionic;

(2) Nooca Kaatikaanka;

(3) Nooca ionic-ga amphoteric;

(4) Nooca aan ionic ahayn.

Daawooyinka ka hortagga anti-static-ka waxaa loo qaybin karaa laba qaybood iyadoo loo eegayo hababka codsiga:

(1) Walxaha lidka ku ah dahaarka dusha sare;

(2) Walxaha lidka ku ah isku-darka gudaha.