Ingaruka zo kurwanya static z'ibinyabutabire

Uburyo bwo gusukura ibikoresho bya surfactants ari bwo buryo bw'ibanze butuma ibikoresho bya surfactants bigira akamaro kanini. Bifitanye isano rya hafi n'ubuzima bwa buri munsi bw'ingo ibihumbi kandi birushaho gukoreshwa mu nganda zitandukanye no mu nganda.

1.Ingaruka zo kurwanya static of ibintu bikoresha surfactants

Fibre, pulasitiki n'ibindi bicuruzwa bikunze gukora amashanyarazi adahindagurika bitewe no gukururana, ibyo bikaba bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y'ibyo bicuruzwa. Urugero, niba imyenda ya fibre ifite amashanyarazi adahindagurika, ikunze kugira ibibazo nko "gufatana" cyangwa "gufatana kudahindagurika", ndetse no kuba ishobora kwinjiza ivumbi no kwandura byoroshye. Ingaruka z'amashanyarazi adahindagurika ku bicuruzwa bya pulasitiki ni ingenzi cyane: ibyo bicuruzwa ntibikunda kwinjiza ivumbi byoroshye gusa, ibyo bikangiza ubwiza bwabyo, isuku n'isura yabyo, ahubwo binagabanya imikorere yabyo n'agaciro kabyo.

Kugira ngo iki kibazo cyo kudahinduka gikoreshwe, uburyo bwo kurwanya static bukoresha surfactants bukoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe. Bene surfactants bazwi nka antistatic agents.

2.Electrostaticibintu n'impamvu zabyo

Nubwo ibisubizo by'uruhererekane rw'ingufu za fibre byabonetse n'abashakashatsi batandukanye bitandukanye gato, fibre zirimo imigozi ya amide nk'ubwoya, nayiloni n'ubwoya bw'ubukorano zikunze kuba zifite amashanyarazi meza. Imiterere y'ingufu za pulasitiki isanzwe igaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 10-2. Uruhererekane rw'ingufu za viscose kuva kuri positive kugeza kuri negative ni uru rukurikira: (+) Polyurethane - Umusatsi - Nayiloni - Ubwoya - Silk - Fibre ya Viscose - Ipamba - Rubber ikomeye - Fibre ya Acetate - Vinylon - Polypropylene - Polyester - Polyacrylonitrile - Polyvinyl chloride - Vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer - Polyethylene - Polytetrafluoroethylene (–). Nubwo impamvu yo gukora amashanyarazi adahindagurika itarasobanuka neza, muri rusange bemeranywa ko amashanyarazi adahindagurika akorwa iyo ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibintu bihurirana, bigatuma amashanyarazi yimukanwa yimurirwa hagati y'ibintu byaciwe. Ubwoko bw'ingufu ikintu gifite bushobora kugenwa n'inyungu cyangwa igihombo cya electron. Ikintu kiba gifite amashanyarazi meza iyo gitakaje electron, kandi kikaba gifite amashanyarazi mabi iyo gitunze electron.

3.Umuti urwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere

Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo gukuraho amashanyarazi adahinduka:

(1) Uburyo bukoreshwa mu buryo bw'umubiri. Kubera ko ubunini bw'amashanyarazi adahinduka buterwa n'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, uburyo bukoreshwa mu buryo bw'umubiri nko guhindura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe n'isohoka rya korona bushobora gukoreshwa mu gukuraho amashanyarazi adahinduka ku buso bw'ibintu.

(2) Uburyo bwa shimi bwo hejuru. Ni ukuvuga ko, imiti ikoreshwa mu gusukura, izwi kandi nka antistatic agents, ikoreshwa mu gusukura ubuso bw'imigozi n'ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki cyangwa ivanze imbere muri pulasitiki kugira ngo igere ku ntego yo gukuraho amashanyarazi adahinduka.

4.umuti urwanya imihindagurikire y'imitsi

4.1Ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu agire umuti urwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere:

(1) Ntibigomba guhindura imiterere y'intoki z'imigozi;

(2) Igomba kugira ingaruka nziza zo kurwanya static hamwe n'igipimo gito kandi igakomeza kugira akamaro ku bushyuhe buri hasi;

(3) Igomba kuba ihuye neza n'imigozi ya resin;

(4) Igomba kugaragaza ko ihuye neza n'izindi nyongeramusaruro;

(5) Ntibigomba gutera ifuro cyangwa ibizinga by'amazi;

(6) Ntigomba kuba ifite uburozi kandi ntishobora gukangura uruhu;

(7) Igomba kugumana umutekano mwiza.

4.2Ubwoko bw'ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere

Ubwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ibintu birwanya static bikoreshwa mu migozi ni cationic na amphoteric ionic surfactants.

4.3Uburyo bw'imikorere y'ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere

Ku bikoresho birwanya imirasire bikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho birwanya imirasire, uburyo bwo kurwanya imirasire bushingiye ahanini ku bintu bibiri: gukumira ko amashanyarazi adahinduka ku buso bw'imyenda ya fibre bitewe no gukururana no gukururana kw'ingufu z'ubuso. Kurinda ko amashanyarazi akwirakwira bifitanye isano rya hafi n'imiterere y'ibikoresho birwanya imirasire, mu gihe gukururana kw'ingufu z'ubuso bifitanye isano n'ingano y'ingufu ziterwa n'amazi n'uburyo hygroscopicity y'ibikoresho birwanya imirasire ku myenda ya fibre.

Ingufu za Cationic zinjira mu buryo bworoshye ku buso bwa fibre ifite ingufu nke binyuze mu ngufu zazo nziza.

① Bishobora kugabanya imbaraga zo hejuru z'imigozi;

② Mu gihe ibyuma bifasha mu gukurura ibintu biva mu miyoboro ya fibre mu buryo bwa quaternary ammonium ikoresha ingufu nyinshi hamwe n’imiyoboro ya hydrocarbon ireba inyuma, icyuma gifata icyerekezo kigizwe n’imiyoboro ya hydrocarbon kigaragara ku buso bwa fibre. Iyi filime igabanya neza imbaraga zo gukurura ibintu zikomoka ku miyoboro ya fibre mu gihe cyo gukurura ibintu, bityo bigatuma amashanyarazi akurura ibintu agabanuka.

Ku bijyanye n'imigozi ya sintetike ifite polarity nkeya kandi ifite hydrophobicity ikomeye, cationic surfactants zinjira ku buso bwa fibre binyuze mu mbaraga za van der Waals binyuze mu miyoboro yazo ya hydrocarbon iterwa na hydrophobique, hamwe n'amatsinda yazo ya quaternary ammonium areba hanze. Ibi bitwikira buso bwa fibre n'amatsinda ya hydrophilic polar, bidatuma gusa fibre itwara amashanyarazi ahubwo binakongera ubushuhe bw'ubuso bwayo, bikoroshya ikwirakwira ry'amashanyarazi aturuka ku gukururana no kugera ku ngaruka zo kurwanya static.

Ingano y’inyunganiramirire ya dioctadecyl ammonium chloride ku buso bwa fibre karemano iri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’inyunganiramirire, bigaragaza ingaruka nziza cyane ku nyunganiramirire karemano.

Kimwe n’uturemangingo twa cationic, uturemangingo twa amphoteric ionic dutwara charges nziza kandi dushobora no kwinjira ku buso bwa fibre bufite charges mbi kugira ngo tugabanye charges zitajegajega. Amatsinda yabyo agabanya strainings. Ugereranyije na cationic surfactants, kandi birimo itsinda rya anionic mu miterere ya molekile, bigatuma habaho kongera ubushuhe no gukwirakwiza charges neza. Kubwibyo, uturemangingo twa amphoteric ionic ni agents zirwanya static zikomeye, nubwo ku giciro gito cyane.

Ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukamura amashanyarazi zirimo anionic na non-ionic zigaragaza ingaruka mbi zo kurwanya static bitewe n’uko ingano yazo nke zo kuzura amashanyarazi ku buso bwa fibre. Ingano y’ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukamura amashanyarazi zirimo anionic iri hejuru y’ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukamura amashanyarazi kuko zidahinduka bitewe n’ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukamura amashanyarazi; icyakora, ubushobozi bwazo bwo gukamura amashanyarazi asanzwe ni buke, bigatuma imikorere yazo idakomeye cyane ugereranije n’ingufu zikoreshwa mu gukamura amashanyarazi zirimo anionic na amphoteric.

5.Ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere bya pulasitiki

Uburyo ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere bikoreshwa mu gukora ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere: Ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere byinjira ku buso bwa pulasitiki binyuze mu mbaraga za van der Waals binyuze mu miyoboro ya hydrocarbon inyura mu mazi, aho ibice byabyo bya polari bikomeza kwiyongera. Agace k’inyuma k’ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere gakorera ku buso bwa pulasitiki, gatanga amashanyarazi atuma amashanyarazi adahinduka neza. Hagati aho, agace k’inyuma k’ikirere kagabanya uburyaryate ku buso bwa pulasitiki.

Ibintu birwanya static bya pulasitiki bishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ubwoko bwa surfactant ku buryo bukurikira:

(1) Ubwoko bwa Aniyoki;

(2) Ubwoko bwa Cationic;

(3) Ubwoko bwa iyoni ya amphoterike;

(4) Ubwoko bwa Nonionic.

Imiti irwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere ishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri hakurikijwe uburyo bwo kuyikoresha:

(1) Ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere bitwikira ubuso;

(2) Ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere bivanga imbere mu mubiri.