Mhedzisiro ye antistatic ye surfactants

Kushandiswa kwezvinoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zvinopisa (surfactants) ndicho chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti zvishande zvakanaka. Izvi zvine chekuita nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwezviuru zvemhuri uye zviri kushandiswawo mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana uye mumaindasitiri.

1.Mhedzisiro yekudzivirira kusimba of zvinhu zvinoshandisa masurfactant

Fiber, mapurasitiki nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinowanzogadzira magetsi asingachinji nekuda kwekukweshana, izvo zvinokanganisa mashandiro ezvigadzirwa zvakadaro. Semuenzaniso, kana machira efiber aine magetsi asingachinji, anowanzo sangana nematambudziko akadai se "kunamatira" kana "kunamatira asingachinji", pamwe nekukwanisa kunwisa guruva uye kusviba zviri nyore. Mhedzisiro yemagetsi asingachinji pazvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki inonyanya kukosha: zvigadzirwa zvakadaro hazvingonyungudi guruva chete, izvo zvinokanganisa kujeka kwazvo, kuchena kwepadenga uye chitarisiko, asiwo zvinoderedza mashandiro azvo uye kukosha.

Kuti izvi zvisaitike, nzira yekudzivisa static inoshandisa ma surfactants ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pari zvino. Ma surfactants akadaro anozivikanwa se antistatic agents.

2.Electrostaticzviitiko uye zvikonzero zvavo

Kunyangwe mhedzisiro yekuchaja fiber yakawanikwa nevaongorori vakasiyana ichisiyana zvishoma, fibers dzine amide bonds dzakadai semvere dzemakwai, nylon uye mvere dzemachira dzinowanzo kuve dzakachajiwa zvakanaka. Mamiriro ekuchaja emapurasitiki akajairika anoratidzwa muTafura 10-2. Kuchaja kwezvinhu zvakajairika kubva kune zvakanaka kusvika kune zvakaipa ndekwekuti: (+) Polyurethane – Bvudzi – Nylon – Makushe – Siriki – Viscose fiber – Donje – Rabha yakaoma – Acetate fiber – Vinylon – Polypropylene – Polyester – Polyacrylonitrile – Polyvinyl chloride – Vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer – Polyethylene – Polytetrafluoroethylene (–). Kunyangwe chikonzero chekugadzirwa kwemagetsi asingachinji chisati chanzwisiswa zvizere, zvinowanzo bvumiranwa kuti magetsi asingachinji anogadzirwa kana mhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu dzichikwizana, zvichiita kuti machaji anofambiswa afambe pakati pezvinhu zvakakweshwa. Rudzi rwechaji chinhu chinotakura runogona kutsanangurwa nekuwana kana kurasikirwa kwemaerekitironi. Chinhu chinochajiwa zvakanaka kana chikarasikirwa nemaerekitironi, uye chinochajiwa zvakaipa kana chikawana maerekitironi.

3.Mushonga unorwisa static

Kune nzira mbiri huru dzekubvisa magetsi asingachinji:

(1) Nzira yepanyama. Sezvo hukuru hwemagetsi asingachinji huchikanganiswa nekupisa nehunyoro, nzira dzepanyama dzakadai sekugadzirisa tembiricha nehunyoro uye kubuda kwe corona zvinogona kushandiswa kubvisa magetsi asingachinji pamusoro pezvinhu.

(2) Nzira yemakemikari pamusoro. Kureva kuti, ma surfactants, anozivikanwawo se antistatic agents, anoshandiswa kurapa pamusoro pemafibers nezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki kana kusanganiswa mukati memapurasitiki kuti azadzise chinangwa chekubvisa magetsi asingachinji.

4.antistatic agent ye fibers

4.1Zvinodiwa zvemushonga unodzivirira static:

(1) Hazvifanirwe kuchinja kubatwa kweruoko kwemafibers;

(2) Inofanira kuva nemhedzisiro yakanaka yekudzivisa static ine dose shoma uye icharamba ichishanda patembiricha yakaderera;

(3) Inofanira kuenderana zvakanaka ne resin fibers;

(4) Inofanira kuratidza kuenderana kwakanaka nezvimwe zvinowedzerwa;

(5) Hazvifanirwe kukonzera furo kana mavanga emvura;

(6) Hazvifanirwe kuva nechepfu uye zvisingatsamwise ganda;

(7) Inofanira kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwakanaka.

4.2Mhando dzeAntistatic Agents

Mhando huru dzemishonga inodzivirira static inoshandiswa pakugadzira fibers i cationic ne amphoteric ionic surfactants.

4.3Maitiro Ekuita Kwemishonga Inodzivirira Kushanduka Kwesimba

Kune ma surfactants anoshandiswa se fiber antistatic agents, nzira iyi inonyanya kusanganisira zvinhu zviviri: kudzivirira kugadzirwa kwemagetsi asingachinji pamusoro pemachira e fiber nekuda kwekukweshana uye kupararira kwemari pamusoro. Kudzivirira kukweshana kwemagetsi kwakabatana zvakanyanya nechimiro chema surfactants, nepo kupararira kwemari pamusoro kunobatanidzwa nehuwandu hwekunyungudika uye hygroscopicity yema surfactants pamachira e fiber.

Ma "cationic surfactants" anonyatsopinda mu fiber ine chaji isina kunaka kuburikidza ne "positive charges" dzawo.

① Zvinogona kuderedza kubhadhariswa kwepamusoro kwefibers;

② Sezvo ma "cationic surfactants" achinamira pamusoro pe fiber muchimiro chema "quaternary ammonium ions" ane positive charged quaternary ammonium ions ane hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains akatarisa kunze, firimu re "directional adsorption" rinoumbwa ne "hydrocarbon chains" pamusoro pe fiber. Firimu iri rinoderedza simba rekukweshana rinogadzirwa pamusoro pe fiber panguva yekukweshana, zvichiita kuti magetsi akweshane.

Kune fiber dzakagadzirwa dzine polarity yakaderera uye hydrophobicity yakasimba, cationic surfactants inonamira pamusoro pefiber kuburikidza ne van der Waals forces kuburikidza ne hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains dzavo, ne polar quaternary ammonium groups dzavo dzakatarisa kunze. Izvi zvinofukidza fiber pamusoro ne hydrophilic polar groups, izvo zvisingangowedzere chete conductivity yemagetsi ye fiber pamusoro asiwo zvinowedzera hunyoro hwepamusoro payo, zvichiita kuti magetsi asingachinji apedzwe ne friction uye awane antistatic effect.

Huwandu hwekunyudzwa kwe dioctadecyl ammonium chloride pamusoro pefiber yechisikigo hwakanyanya kupfuura hwefiber yakagadzirwa, zvichiratidza simba rayo guru rekudzivisa static pafiber yechisikigo.

Kufanana nema-cationic surfactants, ma-amphoteric ionic surfactants ane machaji akanaka uye anogonawo kunyudza pamusoro pefiber ine chaji isina kunaka kuti abvise machaji asingachinji. Mapoka avo anonyungudika mumvura anoderedzawo kukweshana. Kana tichienzanisa nema-cationic surfactants, anewo boka reanionic muchimiro chawo chemamorekuru, zvichiita kuti hunyoro huwedzere uye kupararira kwechaji kuve nani. Saka, ma-amphoteric ionic surfactants inodzivirira static zvakanyanya, kunyangwe zvichidhura zvakanyanya.

Ma surfactants eanionic neasiri ionic haaratidzi simba rekudzivisa kupararira kwemasero nekuda kwehuwandu hwawo hushoma hwekusveta pamusoro pe fiber. Huwandu hwekusveta hwe non-ionic surfactants hwakakwira kupfuura hwe anionic surfactants sezvo husingakanganiswi ne fiber surface charges; zvisinei, kugona kwavo kubvisa magetsi asingachinji hakuna kusimba, zvichikonzera kushanda kwakaderera kwekusveta kwemasero kana tichienzanisa ne cationic ne amphoteric ionic surfactants.

5.Mishonga inorwisa static yepurasitiki

Maitiro ezvinoshandiswa pakugadzira masurfactants sezvinhu zvinodzivirira static agents pamapurasitiki: Zvishandiso zvinopinda pamusoro pepurasitiki kuburikidza ne van der Waals forces kuburikidza nema hydrocarbon chains avo anoputika, mapoka avo e polar achitambanukira kunze. Firimu re adsorption re surfactants rinoumbwa pamusoro pepurasitiki, zvichiita kuti magetsi agone kuyerera zvakanaka. Panguva iyi, firimu re adsorption rinoderedzawo kukweshana pamusoro pepurasitiki.

Mapurasitiki anorwisa static agents anorongwa nerudzi rwe surfactant seizvi:

(1) Rudzi rweAnionic;

(2) Rudzi rweCationic;

(3) Rudzi rweionic rweAmphoteric;

(4) Rudzi rweNonionic.

Mishonga inorwisa static inogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri zvichienderana nenzira dzekushandisa:

(1) Mishonga inodzivisa kupararira kwemvura pamusoro pevhu;

(2) Mishonga inosanganisa mukati memuviri inodzivisa kutenderera kwemuviri.