Isiphumo sokungaguquguquki kwe-surfactants

Ukucoca ii-surfactants luphawu oluphambili olunika ii-surfactants uncedo olukhulu. Lunxulumene kakhulu nobomi bemihla ngemihla bamawaka emizi kwaye lusetyenziswa ngakumbi kumashishini ahlukeneyo nakwimveliso yemizi-mveliso.

1.Isiphumo sokungashukumi of izinto ezibangela ukudumba

Iifayibha, iiplastiki kunye nezinye iimveliso zihlala zivelisa umbane ongashukumiyo ngenxa yokungqubana, okuchaphazela ukusebenza kokusetyenziswa kwezi mveliso. Umzekelo, ukuba amalaphu efayibha athwala umbane ongashukumiyo, adla ngokuba neengxaki ezifana "nokunamathela" okanye "ukunamathela okungashukumiyo", kunye nokuba nomdla wokufunxa uthuli kwaye ungcole lula. Impembelelo yombane ongashukumiyo kwiimveliso zeplastiki ibaluleke nangakumbi: ezi mveliso azigcini nje ngokufunxa uthuli ngokulula, nto leyo eyonakalisa ukubonakala kwazo, ukucoceka komphezulu kunye nenkangeleko yazo, kodwa ikwanciphisa ukusebenza kwazo kwenkonzo kunye nexabiso.

Ukuphelisa le meko yokungashukumi, indlela yokungashukumi esebenzisa ii-surfactants isetyenziswa kakhulu okwangoku. Ezi surfactants zaziwa ngokuba zii-antistatic agents.

2.I-electrostaticizinto ezibangela i-apocalypse kunye nezizathu zazo

Nangona iziphumo zolandelelwano lokutshaja ifayibha ezifunyenwe ngabaphandi abahlukeneyo zahlukile kancinci, iifayibha ezinee-amide bonds ezifana noboya, i-nylon kunye noboya bokwenziwa zihlala zitshaja kakuhle. Iimeko zokutshaja zeplastiki eziqhelekileyo ziboniswe kwiTheyibhile 10-2. Ulandelelwano lokutshaja kwezinto eziqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-positive ukuya kwi-negative lulandelayo: (+) I-Polyurethane – Iinwele – I-Nylon – Uboya – Isilika – I-Viscose fiber – Umqhaphu – Irabha eqinileyo – I-Acetate fiber – I-Vinylon – I-Polypropylene – I-Polyacrylonitrile – I-Polyvinyl chloride – I-Vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer – I-Polyethylene – I-Polytetrafluoroethylene (–). Nangona unobangela wokuveliswa kombane ongashukumiyo ungekaqondwa ngokupheleleyo, kuyavunyelwana ngokubanzi ukuba umbane ongashukumiyo uveliswa xa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto zigudlana, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iitshaja ezihambayo zidlulele phakathi kwezinto ezigudisiweyo. Uhlobo lwetshaja into ephetheyo lunokumiselwa kukufumana okanye ukulahleka kwee-electron. Into iba netshaja entle ukuba ilahlekelwa zii-electron, kwaye itshaja kakubi ukuba ifumana ii-electron.

3.Iarhente yokulwa nokumelana ne-static

Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokususa umbane ongashukumiyo:

(1) Indlela yokusebenza. Ekubeni ubukhulu bombane ongashukumiyo buchaphazeleka bubushushu kunye nokufuma, iindlela zokusebenza ezifana nokulungisa ubushushu kunye nokufuma kunye nokukhupha i-corona zingasetyenziselwa ukususa umbane ongashukumiyo phezu kwezinto.

(2) Indlela yekhemikhali yomphezulu. Oko kukuthi, ii-surfactants, ezaziwa ngokuba zii-antistatic agents, zisetyenziselwa ukunyanga imiphezulu yeefayibha kunye neemveliso zeplastiki okanye zidityaniswe ngaphakathi kweplastiki ukufezekisa injongo yokuphelisa umbane ongashukumiyo.

4.iarhente yokulwa ne-static yeefayibha

4.1Iimfuneko zearhente yokulwa nokumelana ne-static:

(1) Akuyi kutshintsha indlela ezivakala ngayo izandla zeefayibha;

(2) Iza kuba nefuthe elihle kakhulu lokulwa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kunye nomthamo ophantsi kwaye ihlale isebenza kakuhle kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi;

(3) Kufuneka ihambelane kakuhle neefayibha ze-resin;

(4) Iza kuhambelana kakuhle nezinye izongezo;

(5) Akuyi kubangela ugwebu okanye amabala amanzi;

(6) Ayifanele ibe yityhefu kwaye ingacaphukisi ulusu;

(7) Kufuneka ihlale izinzile.

4.2Iintlobo zee-Antistatic Agents

Iintlobo eziphambili zee-antistatic agents ezisetyenziselwa iifayibha yi-cationic kunye ne-amphoteric ionic surfactants.

4.3Indlela yokusebenza kwee-Antistatic Agents

Kwizinto ezisetyenziswa njenge ...

Ii-surfactants ze-cationic zifunxa lula kwiindawo zefayibha ezitshajwe kakubi ngee-positive charges zazo.

① Zinganciphisa iindleko zomphezulu weefayibha;

② Njengoko ii-surfactants ze-cationic zifunxa kwiindawo zefayibha ngendlela yee-ion ze-quaternary ammonium ezitshajwe kakuhle kunye nee-hydrocarbon chain zazo ezijonge ngaphandle, ifilimu ye-adsorption eqondisiweyo eyenziwe zii-hydrocarbon chain yenziwa kumphezulu wefayibha. Le filimu inciphisa ngempumelelo amandla okuqhathana adalwa kumphezulu wefayibha ngexesha lokuqhathana, ngaloo ndlela ibuthathaka umbane wokuqhathana.

Kwimicu yokwenziwa ene-polarity ephantsi kunye ne-hydrophobicity enamandla, ii-surfactants ze-cationic zifunxa kumphezulu wefayibha ngokusebenzisa amandla e-van der Waals ngokusebenzisa ii-hydrocarbon chain zazo ze-hydrophobic, kunye namaqela azo e-polar quaternary ammonium ajonge ngaphandle. Oku kugubungela umphezulu wefayibha ngamaqela e-polar e-hydrophilic, angagcini nje ngokuphucula umbane womphezulu wefayibha kodwa akwanyusa ukufuma komphezulu wayo, okwenza kube lula ukusasazwa kombane ongashukumiyo oveliswa kukungqubana kwaye kufezekiswe isiphumo sokuchasana ne-static.

Ubungakanani bokutsalwa kwe-dioctadecyl ammonium chloride kwiindawo zefayibha yendalo buphezulu kakhulu kunobo bukwifayibha zokwenziwa, nto leyo ebonisa impembelelo yayo ephezulu yokulwa ne-static kwifayibha yendalo.

Njenge-cationic surfactants, ii-amphoteric ionic surfactants zithwala ii-positive charges kwaye zinokufunxa kwiindawo ze-fiber ezitshajwe kakubi ukuze zinciphise ii-static charges. Amaqela azo e-hydrophobic nawo anciphisa ukungqubana. Xa kuthelekiswa nee-cationic surfactants, zikwaqulathe iqela le-anionic kwisakhiwo sazo se-molecular, nto leyo evumela ukuba kubekho ukuphuculwa okungcono komswakama kunye nokuchithwa kwee-charge. Ke ngoko, ii-amphoteric ionic surfactants zi-antistatic agents ezisebenza kakuhle, nangona zibiza kakhulu.

Ii-surfactants ze-anionic kunye ne-non-ionic zibonisa iziphumo ezimbi ze-antistatic ngenxa yobuninzi bazo obuphantsi be-adsorption kwiindawo zefayibha. Ubungakanani be-adsorption yee-surfactants ze-non-ionic buphezulu kunobo be-surfactants ze-anionic njengoko zingachaphazeleki ziintlawulo zefayibha; nangona kunjalo, amandla azo okususa umbane we-static abuthathaka, nto leyo ebangela ukusebenza kwe-antistatic okuphantsi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nee-surfactants ze-cationic kunye ne-amphoteric ionic.

5.Izinto ezilwa ne-antistatic zeplastiki

Indlela esebenza ngayo ii-surfactants ezisebenza njengee-antistatic agents zeplastiki: Ii-surfactants zifunxa phezu komphezulu weplastiki ngokusebenzisa amandla e-van der Waals ngokusebenzisa ii-hydrocarbon chain zazo ezisebenzisa i-hydrophobic, kunye namaqela azo e-polar aphuma ngaphandle. Ifilimu yokufunxa kwicala le-surfactants yenziwa kumphezulu weplastiki, ibonelela ngombane ovumela ukuba ii-static charges ziphele ngokufanelekileyo. Okwangoku, ifilimu yokufunxa ikwanciphisa ukungqubana kumphezulu weplastiki.

Ii-antistatic agents zeplastiki zihlulwe ngohlobo lwe-surfactant ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

(1) Uhlobo lwe-Anionic;

(2) Uhlobo lweCationic;

(3) Uhlobo lwe-amphoteric ionic;

(4) Uhlobo olungelulo olwe-ionic.

Ii-antistatic agents zingahlulwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini ngokweendlela zokusetyenziswa:

(1) Iiarhente ezichasene nokumelana nomphezulu;

(2) Iiarhente ezichasene nokuguquguquka kwangaphakathi.