Te pānga ārai-pūmau o ngā matū horoi

Ko te kaha horoi o ngā matū horoi te āhuatanga matua e tino whai hua ai ngā matū horoi. He hononga tata tēnei ki te oranga o ia rā o ngā mano tini o ngā whare, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana hoki i roto i ngā ahumahi me ngā whakaputanga ahumahi.

1.Pānga ārai-pūmau of ngā matū horoi

He maha ngā wā ka puta te hiko pateko i roto i ngā muka, ngā kirihou me ētahi atu hua nā te waku, ka pā ki te mahi a aua hua. Hei tauira, mēnā he hiko pateko kei roto i ngā papanga muka, he maha ngā wā ka pāngia rātou e ngā ngoikoretanga pēnei i te "piripiri" me te "piripiri pateko", me te ngāwari hoki ki te mimiti puehu me te paru. He nui ake te pānga o te hiko pateko ki ngā hua kirihou: ehara i te mea ka mimiti noa i te puehu aua hua, ka whakararu i tō rātou māramatanga, te ma o te mata me te āhua, engari ka whakaitihia hoki te mahi me te uara o ā rātou ratonga.

Hei whakakore i tēnei āhuatanga pūmau, ko te tikanga ārai-pūmau e whakamahi ana i ngā matū horoi e whakamahia whānuitia ana i ēnei rā. Ko ēnei matū horoi e mōhiotia ana ko ngā matū ārai-pūmau.

2.Hikohiko-pūmaungā āhuatanga me ō rātou take

Ahakoa he rerekē ngā hua o te raupapatanga utu muka i whiwhihia e ngā kairangahau rerekē, ko ngā muka kei roto ngā here amide pēnei i te huruhuru hipi, te nairona me te huruhuru hipi horihori he mea utu pai. Ko ngā āhuatanga utu o ngā kirihou noa e whakaaturia ana i te Ripanga 10-2. Ko te raupapatanga utu o ngā matū noa mai i te pai ki te kino koia tēnei: ​​(+) Polyurethane – Makawe – Nairona – Huruhuru hipi – Hiraka – Muka viscose – Miro – Rapa mārō – Muka acetate – Vinylon – Polypropylene – Polyester – Polyacrylonitrile – Polyvinyl chloride – Vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer – Polyethylene – Polytetrafluoroethylene (–). Ahakoa kāore anō kia tino mārama te take o te whakaputanga hiko pateko, e whakaaetia whānuitia ana ka puta te hiko pateko ina mirimiri ngā momo mea rerekē tetahi ki tetahi, ka puta he utu neke ki waenga i ngā mea kua mirimirihia. Ka taea te whakatau i te momo utu e mau ana i tetahi mea mā te pikinga, te ngaronga rānei o ngā irahiko. Ka piki te utu o tetahi mea mena ka ngaro ngā irahiko, ka piki te utu kino mena ka whiwhi i ngā irahiko.

3.Kaihoko ārai-pūmau

E rua ngā tikanga matua mō te whakakore i te hiko pateko:

(1) Tikanga ā-tinana. Nā te mea ka pāngia te nui o te hiko pateko e te pāmahana me te haumākū, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ā-tinana pēnei i te whakarerekē i te pāmahana me te haumākū me te tukunga korona hei whakakore i te hiko pateko i runga i te mata o ngā mea.

(2) Tikanga matū mata. Arā, ko ngā matū horoi, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā matū ārai-pūmau, ka whakamahia hei rongoā i ngā mata o ngā muka me ngā hua kirihou, hei whakaranu rānei ki roto i ngā kirihou hei whakatutuki i te kaupapa o te whakakore i te hiko pūmau.

4.kaihoko ārai-pūmau mō ngā muka

4.1Ngā whakaritenga mō te rongoā ārai-pūmau:

(1) Kāore e whakarerekē i te āhua o te ringa o ngā muka;

(2) Me tino pai te pānga ārai-pūmau me te iti o te horopeta, ā, ka mau tonu te whai hua i ngā pāmahana iti;

(3) Me pai te hototahitanga ki ngā muka kapia;

(4) Me whakaatu he hototahitanga tino pai ki ētahi atu tāpiringa;

(5) Kāore e puta he huka, he paru wai rānei;

(6) Kaua e paitini, kaua hoki e whakapataritari i te kiri;

(7) Me mau tonu te pumau.

4.2Ngā Momo Ārai-Patū

Ko ngā momo matua o ngā kaihoko ārai-pūmau e whakamahia ana mō ngā muka ko ngā kaiwhakaoho ionic cationic me ngā kaiwhakaoho ionic amphoteric.

4.3Te Tikanga Mahi a ngā Āpiha Ārai-Patū

Mō ngā matū horoi e whakamahia ana hei muka ārai-pūmau, e rua ngā āhuatanga matua o te tikanga ārai-pūmau: te aukati i te whakaputanga hiko pūmau i runga i te mata o ngā papanga muka nā te waku me te memeha haere o ngā utu mata. Ko te aukati i te hiko waku e pā tata ana ki te hanganga o ngā matū horoi, ko te memeha haere o ngā utu mata e pā ana ki te nui o te mimiti me te hygroscopicity o ngā matū horoi i runga i ngā papanga muka.

Ka piri ngāwari ngā matū horoi cationic ki ngā mata muka kua utua kinotia mā roto i ō rātou ake utu pai.

① Ka taea e rātou te whakakore i ngā utu mata o ngā muka;

② I te mea ka piri ngā matū horoi kationika ki ngā mata muka i roto i te ahua o ngā iona ammonia quaternary kua utua pai me ō rātou mekameka hauwaiwai e anga ana ki waho, ka hangaia he kiriata mimiti aronga e titoa ana e ngā mekameka hauwaiwai ki runga i te mata muka. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei kiriata te kaha waku e puta ana i runga i te mata muka i te wā waku, ā, ka ngoikore te hiko waku.

Mō ngā muka hangai he iti te polarity me te kaha o te hydrophobicity, ka mimiti ngā surfactants cationic ki te mata o te muka mā roto i ngā kaha van der Waals mā roto i ō rātou mekameka hydrocarbon hydrophobic, me ō rātou rōpū ammonium quaternary polar e anga ana ki waho. Ka kapihia e tēnei te mata o te muka ki ngā rōpū polar hydrophilic, e kore e whakarei ake i te kawe hiko o te mata muka engari ka whakanui ake hoki i te makuku o te mata, ka āwhina i te tohatoha o te hiko pateko i puta mai i te waku me te whakatutuki i te pānga antistatic.

He nui ake te nui o te mimiti o te dioctadecyl ammonium chloride i runga i ngā mata muka maori i tērā i runga i ngā muka hangai, e tohu ana i tōna pānga ārai-pūmau ki ngā muka maori.

Pērā i ngā matū horoi cationic, he pai ngā utu o ngā matū horoi ionic amphoteric, ā, ka taea hoki te piri ki ngā mata muka kua utua kinotia hei whakakore i ngā utu tūmau. Ka whakaitihia hoki e ō rātou rōpū hydrophobic te waku. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā matū horoi cationic, kei roto hoki i a rātou he rōpū anionic i roto i tō rātou hanganga ngota, ka taea ai te whakapai ake i te makuku me te marara o te utu. Nō reira, he tino kaha te mahi a ngā matū horoi ionic amphoteric, ahakoa he nui te utu.

He iti te pānga o ngā matū horoi ionika me ngā matū kore-ionika ki te ārai i te pao, nā te iti o te nui o te mimiti ki runga i ngā mata muka. He nui ake te nui o te mimiti o ngā matū horoi kore-ionika i ērā o ngā matū horoi ionika nā te mea kāore e pāngia e ngā utu mata muka; heoi, he ngoikore tō rātou kaha ki te whakamarara i te hiko pao, ā, he iti iho te mahi ārai pao i ērā o ngā matū horoi ionika cationic me amphoteric.

5.Ngā kaihoko ārai-pūmau mō ngā kirihou

Te tikanga o ngā matū horoi hei ārai-pūmau mō ngā kirihou: Ka mimiti ngā matū horoi ki te mata kirihou mā roto i ngā kaha van der Waals mā roto i ō rātou mekameka hauwaiwaiwai, me ō rātou rōpū porowhita e toro atu ana ki waho. Ka hangaia he kiriata mimiti ahunga o ngā matū horoi ki runga i te mata kirihou, e whakarato ana i te kawe hiko e taea ai e ngā utu pūmau te marara pai. I taua wā, ka whakaitihia hoki e te kiriata mimiti te waku i runga i te mata kirihou.

Ka whakarōpūtia ngā kaihoko ārai-pūmau kirihou e ai ki te momo surfactant penei:

(1) Momo anionic;

(2) Momo kationika;

(3) Momo ionic amphoteric;

(4) Momo kore-ionic.

E ai ki ngā tikanga whakamahi, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā rongoā ārai-pūngao kia rua ngā wāhanga:

(1) Ngā matū ārai-pūmau paninga mata;

(2) Ngā matū ārai-pūmau whakaranu ā-roto.