Maganin wanki namasu surfactantsshine babban abin da ke ƙarfafa amfaninsu a aikace. Yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga rayuwar yau da kullun ta gidaje marasa adadi kuma ana ƙara amfani da shi a duk fannoni na sana'o'i da samar da kayayyaki na masana'antu.
Tasirin Antistaticna Surfactants
Froction sau da yawa yana haifar da wutar lantarki mai tsauri akan zare, robobi da sauran kayayyakin da aka gama, wanda hakan ke lalata aikinsu na hidima. Misali, yadi mai tsauri yana mannewa sosai a jiki ko kuma yana mannewa a wasu saman, kuma yana jawo ƙura da datti cikin sauƙi. Wutar lantarki mai tsauri tana yin tasiri mai tsanani ga kayayyakin filastik: ba wai kawai robobi suna sha ƙura cikin sauƙi ba, suna lalata bayyananniya, tsaftar saman da kyawunta, amma aikinsu da ƙimar kasuwanci suma suna raguwa.
Maganin antistatic da aka yi amfani da shi a kan tushen surfactant shine babbar hanyar da ake amfani da ita a yanzu don kawar da tarin static building, kuma irin waɗannan surfactants ana kiransu da antistatic agents.
Sashe na 1 Wutar Lantarki Mai Tsayi da Hanyoyin Samar da Ita
Duk da cewa akwai ƙananan bambance-bambance a cikin sakamakon gwaji game da jerin cajin zaruruwa na triboelectric daga masu bincike daban-daban, zaruruwa masu ɗauke da haɗin amide kamar ulu, nailan da ulu na wucin gadi gabaɗaya suna da caji mai kyau.
An jera halayen caji na robobi na yau da kullun a cikin Jadawali na 10-2. Jerin abubuwa na yau da kullun daga caji mai kyau zuwa mara kyau sune kamar haka:
(+) Polyurethane–Gashin ɗan adam–Nailan–Ulu–Siliki–Zaren viscose–Auduga–Roba mai tauri–Cellulose acetate–Vinyllon–Polypropylene–Polyester–Polyacrylonitrile–Polyvinyl chloride–Vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer–Polyethylene–Polytetrafluoroethylene (-)
Ba a fayyace ainihin hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki mai motsi ba, duk da haka an cimma matsaya cewa gogayya tsakanin abubuwa daban-daban yana haifar da canja wurin caji tsakanin saman da ke haɗuwa, ta haka ne ke samar da wutar lantarki mai motsi. Rarrabawar cajin da wani abu ke ɗauka ana ƙaddara ta hanyar samun ko asara ta electron: abubuwa suna rasa electrons kuma suna samun caji mai kyau, yayin da waɗanda ke samun electrons suna samun cajin mara kyau.
Sashe na 2 Magungunan hana hana tsufa
Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu don kawar da wutar lantarki mai tsauri:
Hanyoyin motsa jiki: Tunda girman caji mai motsi yana shafar zafin jiki da danshi, ana iya amfani da dabarun motsa jiki kamar daidaita zafin jiki da danshi da kuma fitar da corona don cire tsayayyen abu daga saman abu.
Hanyoyin sinadarai na saman: Ana amfani da surfactants, waɗanda kuma ake kira antistatic agents, don magance zare da kayayyakin filastik ko kuma a haɗa su cikin matrices na filastik don kawar da wutar lantarki mai tsauri.
I. Magungunan hana kumburi ga zare
Abubuwan da ake buƙata na wakilai masu hana ƙwayoyin cuta (antistatic) masu inganci
(1) Kiyaye ainihin yanayin hannu na zare;
(2) Yana ba da kyakkyawan aiki na hana rikitar da jiki a ƙananan allurai kuma yana ci gaba da tasiri a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi mai ƙarancin zafi;
(3) Nuna kyakkyawan jituwa da zare na resin;
(4) Suna da kyakkyawan jituwa da sauran mataimakan sarrafawa;
(5) Kada kumfa ya shiga kuma kada ku bar tabo a ruwa;
(6) Ba ya da guba kuma ba ya ɓata wa fatar ɗan adam rai;
(7) Kula da ingantaccen aiki akan lokaci.
Rarraba wakilan maganin hana zare
Cationic da amphoteric surfactants sune manyan nau'ikan magungunan antistatic don aikace-aikacen fiber.
Tsarin hana hana tsatsa
Masu aikin surfactants suna yin tasirin hana tsatsa a kan masaku ta hanyoyi guda biyu: hana samar da tsatsa a lokacin hulɗa da tsatsa da kuma sauƙaƙe watsar da cajin tsatsa a saman. Dakatar da caji mai tsatsa yana da alaƙa da tsarin kwayoyin halitta na surfactant, yayin da watsar da caji ya dogara da ƙarfin sha da kuma hygroscopicity na surfactants akan saman zare.
Masu binciken cationicsuna shiga cikin saman zare mai caji mara kyau ta hanyar cajin su masu kyau:
①Suna kawar da cajin saman zaruruwa;
②Cationic surfactants suna mannewa da zare ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin ammonium na quaternary masu caji mai kyau, tare da sarƙoƙin hydrocarbon masu kama da hydrophobic waɗanda ke fitowa daga waje, suna samar da fim mai tsari mai ɗauke da zare a saman zare. Wannan fim ɗin yana rage gogayya ta saman yayin hulɗa kuma yana rage taruwar gogayya ta tsaye.
Ga ƙananan polarity, zaruruwan roba masu tsananin hydrophobic, cationic surfactants suna manne da saman zare ta hanyar ƙarfin van der Waals suna aiki akan sarƙoƙin hydrocarbon masu kama da hydrophobic, yayin da ƙungiyoyin ammonium na polar quaternary suna fuskantar waje. Wannan yana shafa zare da wani Layer na polar wanda ke haɓaka kwararar wutar lantarki a saman da kuma riƙe danshi, yana hanzarta wargaza wutar lantarki mai tsauri da gogayya ke haifarwa da kuma samar da aikin antistatic.
Ƙarfin shaƙar dioctadecyl ammonium chloride akan zaruruwan halitta ya fi na zaruruwan roba girma, wanda ke nuna ingantaccen tasirin hana static ga zaruruwan halitta.
Kamar surfactants na cationic, amphoteric surfactants suna ɗaukar caji mai kyau kuma suna shaƙa a saman zare mai caji mara kyau don rage cajin da ke tsaye, tare da abubuwan da ke cikin hydrophobic suna rage gogayya a saman. Ba kamar surfactants na cationic ba, ƙwayoyin amphoteric suna ɗauke da ƙarin ƙungiyar anionic, wanda ke ƙara haɓaka ƙarfin shaƙar danshi a saman da kuma rage cajin. Don haka amphoteric surfactants suna aiki azaman manyan wakilai masu hana hana rikice-rikice, kodayake suna da tsada mafi girma.
Abubuwan surfactant na anionic da nonionic suna nuna ƙarancin aikin antistatic saboda ƙarancin matakan shaye-shaye akan saman zare. Abubuwan surfactant na nonionic suna shaye-shaye cikin sauƙi fiye da abubuwan surfactant na anionic saboda shaye-shayen su ba ya shafar cajin saman zare, duk da haka suna ba da ƙarancin watsar da caji, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ƙarfin antistatic idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan da ke haifar da cationic da amphoteric.
II. Magungunan hana hana ruɓar roba
Tsarin magungunan antistatic na filastik waɗanda aka yi da surfactant
Masu surfactants suna ɗaurewa zuwa saman filastik ta hanyar ƙarfin van der Waals suna aiki akan sarƙoƙin hydrocarbon masu kama da hydrophobic, tare da ƙungiyoyin aiki na polar da ke faɗaɗa don samar da fim mai shawagi mai ma'ana. Wannan fim ɗin yana ba da damar watsa wutar lantarki ta saman don ba da damar watsa wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi kuma a lokaci guda yana daidaita gogayya a saman filastik.
Rarrabuwa ta hanyar nau'in sinadaran surfactant
(1) Abubuwan da ke haifar da sinadarin anionic
(2) Masu tace sinadarin cationic
(3) Masu surfactants na Amphoteric
(4) Abubuwan da ba su da sinadarin sinadarai (nonionic surfactants)
Rarrabawa ta hanyar amfani da hanyar
(1) Magungunan hana kumburi irin na shafi (wanda ake amfani da shi a saman kayan)
(2) Magungunan hana narkewar sinadarai (wanda aka haɗa shi da kayan filastik yayin haɗawa)
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-16-2026