ʻO ka holoi ʻana onā mea hoʻoheheʻeʻo ia ka waiwai nui e kākoʻo ana i kā lākou mau noi ākea loa. He mea nui ia i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā o nā ʻohana he nui ʻole a ke hoʻohana nui ʻia nei ma nā ʻoihana hana āpau a me nā ʻoihana hana.
Hopena Antistatico nā Surfactants
Hoʻopuka pinepine ka friction i ka uila static ma nā olonā, nā plastics a me nā huahana i hoʻopau ʻia, e hōʻino ana i kā lākou hana lawelawe. No ka laʻana, ʻo nā lole lole i hoʻouka ʻia i ka static e pipili paʻa i ke kino a i ʻole e pili i nā ʻili ʻē aʻe, a huki maʻalahi i ka lepo a me ka lepo. Hoʻopilikia ka uila static i nā huahana plastic: ʻaʻole wale nā plastics e hoʻopili maʻalahi i ka lepo, e hoʻopilikia ana i ko lākou transparency, ka maʻemaʻe o ka ʻili a me ka nani o ka nani, akā e hōʻino pū ana kā lākou hana lawelawe a me ka waiwai kalepa.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka antistatic i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka surfactant ke ʻano hana nui i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa e hoʻopau i ka hōʻiliʻili static, a ua ʻike ʻia kēlā mau surfactants he mau mea antistatic.
Paukū 1 Uila Paʻa a me kāna mau ʻano hana hana
ʻOiai aia nā ʻokoʻa iki i nā hopena hoʻāʻo e pili ana i ke kaʻina hoʻouka triboelectric o nā olonā mai nā mea noiʻi like ʻole, ʻo nā olonā e loaʻa ana nā loulou amide e like me ka hulu hipa, ka nylon a me ka hulu hipa hana maʻamau e lawe i nā hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi.
Ua helu ʻia nā ʻano hoʻouku ʻana o nā plastik maʻamau ma ka Papa 10-2. ʻO ke kaʻina triboelectric o nā mea maʻamau mai ka hoʻouku maikaʻi a i ka hoʻouku maikaʻi ʻole penei:
(+) Polyurethane–Lauoho kanaka–Nailona–Hulu hipa–Silika–ʻO ka olonā viscose–Pulupulu–Laho paʻa–ʻAsetate cellulose–Vinylon–Polypropylene–Polyester–Polyacrylonitrile–Polyvinyl chloride–ʻO ka copolymer vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile–Polyethylene–Polytetrafluoroethylene (-)
ʻAʻole i wehewehe piha ʻia nā ʻano hana kikoʻī o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka uila static, akā naʻe, ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻaelike e hoʻoulu ka friction ma waena o nā mea like ʻole i ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka uku ma waena o nā ʻili e pili ana, a laila e hana ana i ka uila static. Hoʻoholo ʻia ka polarity o ka uku i lawe ʻia e kahi mea e ka loaʻa ʻana o ka electron a i ʻole ka nalowale: nalowale nā mea i nā electrons a lilo i mea hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi, ʻoiai ʻo ka poʻe e loaʻa ana nā electrons e loaʻa nā uku maikaʻi ʻole.
Paukū 2 Nā Mea Hana Antistatic
ʻElua mau ala nui e hoʻopau ai i ka uila static:
Nā ʻano kino: ʻOiai ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻouku static e pili ana i ka mahana a me ka makū, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻano hana kino e like me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka mahana a me ka makū a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka corona e wehe i ka static mai nā ʻili mea.
Nā ʻano kemika ʻili: Hoʻohana ʻia nā Surfactants, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he mau mea antistatic, e mālama i nā fibers a me nā huahana plastik a i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o nā matrices plastik e hoʻopau i ka uila static.
I. Nā mea hana antistatic no nā olonā
Nā waiwai e pono ai o nā mea hana antistatic kūpono
(1) E mālama i ke ʻano lima mua o nā olonā;
(2) Hāʻawi i ka hana antistatic koʻikoʻi ma nā dosages haʻahaʻa a noho pono ma lalo o nā kūlana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa;
(3) Hōʻike i ka launa maikaʻi loa me nā olonā resin;
(4) Loaʻa ka launa maikaʻi me nā mea kōkua hana ʻē aʻe;
(5) Mai hoʻoulu i ka huʻa a waiho ʻole i nā ʻōpala wai;
(6) ʻAʻohe mea ʻawahia a ʻaʻole hoʻonāukiuki i ka ʻili kanaka;
(7) E mālama i ka hana paʻa i ka hala ʻana o ka manawa.
Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea hana antistatic fiber
ʻO nā surfactants cationic a me amphoteric nā ʻano nui o nā mea antistatic no nā noi fiber.
Nā ʻano hana antistatic
Hoʻopuka nā Surfactants i nā hopena antistatic ma nā lole ma o ʻelua mau ala koʻikoʻi: ke kāohi ʻana i ka hanauna static i ka wā o ka hoʻopili frictional a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o nā uku static o ka ʻili. ʻO ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻopuehu frictional e pili pono ana me ke ʻano molekala surfactant, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka uku e pili ana i ka hiki ke adsorption a me ka hygroscopicity o nā surfactants ma nā ʻili fiber.
Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe cationichoʻopili maʻalahi ma luna o nā ʻili fiber i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ma o kā lākou mau uku maikaʻi kūloko:
①Hoʻopau lākou i nā uku ʻili kūlohelohe o nā olonā;
②Hoʻopili nā surfactants cationic i nā olonā ma o nā hui ammonium quaternary i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻia, me nā kaulahao hydrocarbon hydrophobic i kuhikuhi ʻia i waho, e hana ana i kahi ʻili i hoʻopili ʻia ma luna o nā ʻili olonā. Hoʻemi maikaʻi kēia ʻili i ka friction o ka ʻili i ka wā o ka hoʻopili ʻana a hoʻēmi i ka hōʻiliʻili static frictional.
No nā olonā synthetic haʻahaʻa-polarity, hydrophobic kiʻekiʻe, pili nā surfactants cationic i nā ʻili fiber ma o nā mana van der Waals e hana ana ma nā kaulahao hydrocarbon hydrophobic, ʻoiai nā hui ammonium quaternary polar e kū pono ana i waho. Hoʻopili kēia i nā fibers me kahi papa polar hydrophilic e hoʻonui ai i ka conductivity uila o ka ʻili a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka makū, e hoʻolalelale ana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka uila static i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka friction a hāʻawi i ka hana antistatic.
ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hiki ke adsorption o ka dioctadecyl ammonium chloride ma nā olonā kūlohelohe ma mua o nā olonā synthetic, e hōʻike ana i ka hopena antistatic kiʻekiʻe no nā substrates fiber kūlohelohe.
E like me nā surfactants cationic, loaʻa i nā surfactants amphoteric nā uku maikaʻi a adsorb ma luna o nā ʻili fiber i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia e hoʻopau i nā uku static, me kā lākou mau ʻāpana hydrophobic e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana i ka friction ʻili. ʻAʻole e like me nā surfactants cationic, loaʻa i nā molekala amphoteric kahi hui anionic hou aʻe, kahi e hoʻonui hou ai i ka omo ʻana o ka makū o ka ʻili a me nā hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka uku. No laila, lawelawe nā surfactants amphoteric ma ke ʻano he mau mea antistatic hana kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ma ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.
Hōʻike nā surfactants anionic a me nonionic i ka hana antistatic nāwaliwali ma muli o nā pae adsorption haʻahaʻa ma nā ʻili fiber. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka adsorption o nā surfactants nonionic ma mua o nā surfactants anionic no ka mea ʻaʻole i hoʻopilikia ʻia kā lākou adsorption e ka uku ʻili fiber, akā hāʻawi lākou i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka uku maikaʻi ʻole, e hopena ana i ka mana antistatic haʻahaʻa loa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā surfactants cationic a me amphoteric.
II. Nā mea hoʻohuihui pale paʻa no nā palakiko
ʻAno hana o nā mea antistatic plastik i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka surfactant
Hoʻopaʻa nā Surfactants i nā ʻili plastik ma o nā mana van der Waals e hana ana ma nā kaulahao hydrocarbon hydrophobic, me nā hui hana polar e hoʻolōʻihi ana i waho e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni adsorbed oriented. Hāʻawi kēia kiʻiʻoniʻoni i ka conductivity o ka ʻili e hiki ai ke hoʻokuʻu pono i ka hoʻouka static a i ka manawa like e hoʻomāmā i ka friction o ka ʻili ma nā substrates plastik.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana e ke ʻano kemika surfactant
(1) Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe anionic
(2) Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe cationic
(3) Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe amphoteric
(4) Nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻaʻole ionic
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma ke ʻano noi
(1) Nā mea hana antistatic ʻano uhi (i hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻili mea)
(2) Nā mea antistatic i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia (i kāwili ʻia i loko o nā mea maka plastik i ka wā e hui pū ʻia ai)
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-16-2026