Ukuthintelaizinto ezibangela ukudumbayipropati esisiseko exhasa usetyenziso lwabo olubanzi. Iyinxalenye yobomi bemihla ngemihla beentsapho ezingenakubalwa kwaye iyamkelwa ngakumbi kuzo zonke iindawo zorhwebo kunye nemveliso yemizi-mveliso.
Isiphumo sokungashukumiii-Surfactants
Ukungqubana kudla ngokuvelisa umbane ongashukumiyo kwiifayibha, iiplastiki kunye nezinye iimveliso ezigqityiweyo, nto leyo ephazamisa ukusebenza kwazo kwenkonzo. Umzekelo, amalaphu elaphu atshajiweyo angashukumiyo adla ngokunamathela ngokuqinileyo emzimbeni okanye anamathele kwezinye iindawo, kwaye atsala lula uthuli kunye nokungcola. Umbane ongashukumiyo unefuthe elibi ngakumbi kwiimveliso zeplastiki: iiplastiki azifunxi nje uthuli ngokulula, zibeka emngciphekweni ukubonakala kwazo, ukucoceka komphezulu kunye nokuthandeka kobuhle, kodwa ukusebenza kwazo kwenkonzo kunye nexabiso lorhwebo nazo ziyawohloka.
Unyango olusebenzisa i-surfactant antistatic luyeyona ndlela iphambili esetyenziswayo ngoku ukuphelisa ukwakheka kwe-static, kwaye ezo surfactants zaziwa njengee-antistatic agents.
Icandelo 1 Umbane Ongashukumiyo kunye neendlela zawo zokuwenza
Nangona kukho umahluko omncinci kwiziphumo zovavanyo malunga nolandelelwano lokutshaja lwe-triboelectric lweefayibha ezivela kubaphandi abahlukeneyo, iifayibha eziqulethe ii-amide linkages ezifana noboya, i-nylon kunye noboya bokwenziwa zihlala zine-charges ezintle.
Iindlela zokutshaja zeplastiki eziqhelekileyo zidweliswe kwiTheyibhile 10-2. Ulandelelwano lwe-triboelectric lwezinto eziqhelekileyo ukusuka kwitshaja elungileyo ukuya kwengalunganga lulandelayo:
(+) I-Polyurethane–Iinwele zomntu–Inayiloni–Uboya–Isilika–Ifayibha yeViscose–Umqhaphu–Irabha eqinileyo–I-acetate yeseli–IVylilon–I-Polypropylene–I-Polyester–I-Polyacrylonitrile–I-Polyvinyl chloride–I-copolymer ye-vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile–I-Polyethylene–I-Polytetrafluoroethylene (-)
Iindlela ezichanekileyo zokwenziwa kombane ongashukumiyo azikacaciswa ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kukho isivumelwano sokuba ukungqubana phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo kubangela ukudluliselwa kwetshaja phakathi kwemiphezulu eqhagamshelanayo, ngaloo ndlela kuvelisa umbane ongashukumiyo. I-polarity yetshaja ethwalwa yinto imiselwa kukufumana okanye ukulahleka kwe-electron: izinto zilahlekelwa zii-electron kwaye zibe netshaja eyakhayo, ngelixa ezo electron zifumana itshaja engalunganga.
Icandelo 2 Iiarhente Ezingashukumiyo
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokususa umbane ongashukumiyo:
Iindlela zokwenziwa: Ekubeni ubukhulu betshaja engashukumiyo buchaphazeleka bubushushu kunye nokufuma, iindlela zokwenziwa eziquka ukulawulwa kobushushu kunye nokufuma kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-corona zingasetyenziswa ukususa i-static kumphezulu wezinto.
Iindlela zeekhemikhali ezisetyenziswa phezu komhlaba: Ii-surfactants, ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-antistatic agents, zisetyenziselwa ukulungisa imicu kunye neemveliso zeplastiki okanye zidityaniswe kwiimatrices zeplastiki ukuze kupheliswe umbane ongashukumiyo.
I. Iiarhente zokungashukumi kweeFiber
Iipropati ezifunekayo zee-antistatic agents ezifanelekileyo
(1) Gcina indlela yokuziva ngesandla yokuqala yeefayibha;
(2) Isebenza kakuhle kakhulu xa ingasetyenziswa kwi-antistatic dosages kwaye ihlale isebenza phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphantsi;
(3) Zibonisa ukuhambelana okuhle kakhulu neefayibha ze-resin;
(4) Ukuba nokuhambelana okuhle nezinye izixhobo zokuncedisa ekuqhubekeni;
(5) Akunakubakho gwebu kwaye akunakushiya mabala amanzi;
(6) Ayinatyhefu kwaye ayibangeli ulusu lomntu;
(7) Gcina ukusebenza okuzinzileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ukwahlulwa-hlulwa kwee-fiber antistatic agents
Ii-surfactants ze-cationic kunye ne-amphoteric zakha iindidi eziphambili zee-antistatic agents kwizicelo zefayibha.
Iindlela ezichasene nokumelana ne-static
Ii-surfactants zinegalelo elichasene ne-static kwilaphu ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili: ukuthintela ukuveliswa okungashukumiyo ngexesha lokudibana kokungqubana kunye nokwenza kube lula ukusasazwa kwee-surface static charges. Ukuthintela ukutshaja kokungqubana kunxulumene kakhulu nesakhiwo semolekyuli ye-surfactant, ngelixa ukusasazwa kwe-charge kuxhomekeke kumandla okufunxa kunye ne-hygroscopicity yee-surfactants kwi-fiber surfaces.
Ii-surfactants zeCationiczifunxa lula kwiindawo zefayibha ezitshajwe kakubi ngokusebenzisa ii-intrinsic positive charges zazo:
①Ziyayinciphisa imirhumo yomphezulu engaphakathi yeefayibha;
②Ii-surfactants ze-cationic zinamathela kwiifayibha ngokusebenzisa amaqela e-quaternary ammonium atshajwe kakuhle, kunye neetyathanga ze-hydrocarbon ezijonge ngaphandle, zenza ifilimu efakwe kwi-intanethi kwi-fiber surfaces. Le filimu inciphisa ngempumelelo ukungqubana komphezulu ngexesha lokudibana kwaye inciphisa ukwakheka kwe-frictional static.
Kwimicu yokwenziwa ene-polarity ephantsi, ene-hydrophobic kakhulu, ii-surfactants ze-cationic zinamathela kwiindawo ze-fiber ngokusebenzisa amandla e-van der Waals asebenza kwiityathanga ze-hydrocarbon ezihlala emanzini, ngelixa amaqela e-polar quaternary ammonium ejongene ngaphandle. Oku kugqoka imicu ngomaleko we-polar ohlala emanzini onyusa umbane ophezulu kunye nokugcinwa komswakama, kukhawulezise ukusasazwa kombane ohlala emanzini obangelwa kukungqubana kwaye kunikezele ukusebenza okuchasene ne-static.
Umthamo wokufunxa we-dioctadecyl ammonium chloride kwimicu yendalo uphezulu kakhulu kunalowo ukwimicu yokwenziwa, nto leyo ebonisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-antistatic kwi-substrates zemicu yendalo.
Njenge-cationic surfactants, ii-amphoteric surfactants zithwala ii-positive charges kwaye zifunxa kwiindawo zefayibha ezitshajiswe kakubi ukuze zinciphise ii-static charges, kunye nee-hydrophobic moieties zazo ezinciphisa ukungqubana komphezulu. Ngokungafaniyo nee-cationic surfactants, ii-amphoteric molecules ziqulathe iqela elongezelelweyo le-anionic, eliphucula ngakumbi ukufunxwa komswakama womphezulu kunye nokukwazi ukusasaza ii-charge. Ngoko ke ii-amphoteric surfactants zisebenza njengee-antistatic agents ezisebenza kakuhle, nangona zibiza kakhulu.
Ii-surfactants ze-anionic kunye ne-nonionic zibonisa ukusebenza okubuthathaka kwe-antistatic ngenxa yamanqanaba aphantsi e-adsorption kwiindawo zefayibha. Ii-surfactants ze-Nonionic zifunxa lula kune-surfactants ze-anionic kuba i-adsorption yazo ayichaphazeleki yi-fiber surface charge, kodwa zibonelela ngokuchithwa kakubi kwe-charge, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amandla e-antistatic angabi semgangathweni xa kuthelekiswa nee-surfactants ze-cationic kunye ne-amphoteric.
II. Izinto zokungashukumi kweplastiki
Indlela yokusebenza kwee-arhente zeplastiki ezichasene ne-surfactant
Ii-surfactants zibopha kwiindawo zeplastiki ngokusebenzisa amandla e-van der Waals asebenza kwiityathanga ze-hydrocarbon eziphoqa amanzi, kunye namaqela asebenzayo e-polar aphumayo ukuze enze ifilimu efakwe kwi-oriented adsorbed. Le filimu inika ukuhanjiswa komphezulu ukuze kuvumeleke ukuchithwa kwe-static charge ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ngaxeshanye ilawule ukungqubana komphezulu kwiindawo zeplastiki.
Uhlu ngokweekhemikhali ze-surfactant
(1) Izinto ezibangela ii-surfactants ze-anionic
(2) Izinto ezibangela ukurhawuzelelwa kweCationic
(3) Izinto ezibangela ukurhawuzelelwa kwe-amphoteric
(4) Izinto ezingengo-ionic ezibangela ii-surfactants
Uhlu ngokwendlela yesicelo
(1) Iiarhente ezichasene nokuqina kohlobo lokugquma (ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo eziphathekayo)
(2) Ii-antistatic agents ezixutywe ngokunyibilikayo (zixutywe kwiplastiki xa kudityaniswa)
Ixesha leposi: Julayi-16-2026