Ukuzivikela kweama-surfactantiyimpahla eyisisekelo esekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi kakhulu. Iyingxenye ebalulekile empilweni yansuku zonke yemindeni eminingi futhi iyamukelwa kabanzi kuzo zonke imikhakha yezohwebo kanye neyokukhiqiza izimboni.
Umphumela Wokulwa Nokuqinaama-Surfactants
Ukungqubuzana kuvame ukukhiqiza ugesi ongaguquki kumafayibha, amapulasitiki kanye neminye imikhiqizo eqediwe, okuphazamisa ukusebenza kwenkonzo yabo. Isibonelo, izindwangu zendwangu ezishajelwe ngokungaguquki zivame ukunamathela ngokuqinile emzimbeni noma zinamathele kwezinye izindawo, futhi zidonsa kalula uthuli nokungcola. Ugesi ongaguquki unomthelela omkhulu nakakhulu emikhiqizweni yepulasitiki: amapulasitiki awagcini nje ngokumunca uthuli kalula, okubeka engcupheni ukubonakala kwawo, ukuhlanzeka kwendawo kanye nokukhanga kobuhle, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo kwenkonzo kanye nenani lawo lezentengiselwano nakho kuyawohloka.
Ukwelashwa okulwa nokungaguquguquki okusekelwe ku-surfactant kuyindlela eyinhloko esetshenziswa njengamanje ukuqeda ukwakheka okungaguquguquki, futhi ama-surfactants anjalo aziwa ngokuthi ama-antistatic agents.
Isigaba 1 Ugesi Ongaguquki Nezindlela Zawo Zokukhiqiza
Nakuba kukhona ukungafani okuncane emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa mayelana nochungechunge lokushaja lwe-triboelectric lwemicu evela kubacwaningi abahlukene, imicu equkethe izixhumanisi ze-amide ezifana noboya, inayiloni kanye noboya bokwenziwa ngokuvamile ivame ukuba namacala amahle.
Izindlela zokushaja zepulasitiki ezivamile zibhalwe kuThebula 10-2. Uchungechunge lwe-triboelectric lwezinto ezijwayelekile kusukela ekushajeni okuhle kuya kokubi lumi kanje:
(+) I-Polyurethane–Izinwele zomuntu–Inayiloni–Uboya–Usilika–I-fibre ye-viscose–Ukotini–Irabha eqinile–I-acetate yeseli–I-Vinylon–I-Polypropylene–I-Polyester–I-Polyacrylonitrile–I-Polyvinyl chloride–I-copolymer ye-vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile–I-Polyethylene–I-Polytetrafluoroethylene (-)
Izindlela eziqondile zokwakheka kukagesi ongashintshi azikacaciswa ngokugcwele, kodwa kuvunyelwene ngokuthi ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezinto ezingafani kubangela ukudluliselwa kweshaja phakathi kwezindawo ezixhumanayo, ngaleyo ndlela kukhiqize ugesi ongashintshi. I-polarity yeshaja ethwalwa yinto inqunywa ukuzuza noma ukulahlekelwa yi-electron: izinto zilahlekelwa ama-electron futhi zishajwe kahle, kuyilapho lezo ezithola ama-electron zithola amashaja angalungile.
Isigaba 2 Ama-Antistatic Ejenti
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko ezitholakalayo zokuqeda ugesi ongashintshi:
Izindlela Zomzimba: Njengoba ubukhulu beshaja engaguquki buthintwa izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama, amasu angokomzimba afaka phakathi ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama kanye nokukhishwa kwe-corona kungasetshenziswa ukususa okungaguquki ezindaweni ezibonakalayo.
Izindlela zamakhemikhali angaphezulu: Ama-surfactants, abizwa nangokuthi ama-antistatic agents, asetshenziselwa ukwelapha imicu kanye nemikhiqizo yepulasitiki noma ahlanganiswe kuma-matrices epulasitiki ukuze kuqedwe ugesi oqhubekayo.
I. Ama-Antistatic Ejenti E-Fiber
Izakhiwo ezidingekayo zama-antistatic agents afanelekayo
(1) Gcina umuzwa wokuqala wesandla wemicu;
(2) Ihlinzeka ngokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kwe-antistatic ngemithamo ephansi futhi ihlale isebenza kahle ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphansi;
(3) Bonisa ukuhambisana okuhle kakhulu nemicu ye-resin;
(4) Ukuhambisana kahle nezinye izinsiza zokucubungula;
(5) Akunakubanga ukugqwala futhi kungashiyi amabala amanzi;
(6) Ayinabo ubuthi futhi ayicasuli isikhumba somuntu;
(7) Gcina ukusebenza okuzinzile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-fiber antistatic agents
Ama-surfactants e-cationic kanye ne-amphoteric akha izigaba eziyinhloko zama-antistatic agents ezicelo ze-fiber.
Izindlela ezilwa nokuqina
Ama-surfactant anemiphumela yokulwa nokuqina kwezindwangu ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukuvimbela ukwenziwa okungaguquki ngesikhathi sokuxhumana kokungqubuzana kanye nokwenza kube lula ukuhlakazeka kwama-surface static charges. Ukucindezelwa kokushaja kokungqubuzana kuhlobene kakhulu nesakhiwo sama-molecule e-surfactant, kanti ukuhlakazwa kwe-charge kuncike emandleni okumunca kanye ne-hygroscopicity yama-surfactants ezindaweni zefayibha.
Ama-surfactant e-Cationicimunca kalula ezindaweni zefayibha ezishajwe kabi ngama-intrinsic positive charges azo:
①Ziqeda amandla okushaja okungokwemvelo kwemicu;
②Ama-surfactant e-cationic anamathela kuma-fiber ngokusebenzisa amaqembu e-quaternary ammonium ashajwe kahle, anezintambo ze-hydrophobic hydrocarbon eziqondiswe ngaphandle, akha ifilimu efakwe kahle ezindaweni ze-fiber. Le filimu inciphisa ngempumelelo ukungqubuzana kobuso ngesikhathi sokuxhumana futhi inciphisa ukwakheka kwe-frictional static.
Kuma-fiber okwenziwa ane-polarity ephansi, ane-hydrophobic kakhulu, ama-surfactants e-cationic anamathela ezindaweni ze-fiber ngokusebenzisa amandla e-van der Waals asebenza kuma-hydrocarbon chain angena-hydrophobic, kuyilapho amaqembu e-polar quaternary ammonium ebheke ngaphandle. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ama-fiber ngesendlalelo se-polar esingena-hydrophilic esikhulisa ugesi ophezulu kanye nokugcinwa komswakama, kusheshiswe ukuhlakazeka kukagesi omile obangelwa ukungqubuzana futhi kunikeze ukusebenza okulwa ne-static.
Amandla okumunca i-dioctadecyl ammonium chloride kumafayibha emvelo aphezulu kakhulu kunalawo kumafayibha okwenziwa, okubonisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokulwa ne-static kumafayibha emvelo.
Njengama-surfactants e-cationic, ama-surfactants e-amphoteric anezinkokhelo ezinhle futhi anamathela ezindaweni ze-fiber ezishajwe kabi ukuze anciphise izinkokhelo ezimile, kanti izingxenye zawo ezimanzi zinciphisa ukungqubuzana kwendawo. Ngokungafani nama-surfactants e-cationic, ama-molecule e-amphoteric aqukethe iqembu elengeziwe le-anionic, elithuthukisa kakhulu ukumuncwa komswakama womphezulu kanye nokukwazi ukushaja. Ngakho-ke ama-surfactants e-amphoteric asebenza njengama-antistatic agents asebenza kahle kakhulu, yize kunezindleko eziphakeme.
Ama-surfactant e-anionic kanye ne-nonionic abonisa ukusebenza okubuthakathaka kwe-antistatic ngenxa yamazinga aphansi e-adsorption ezindaweni ze-fiber. Ama-surfactant e-Nonionic amunca kalula kune-anionic surfactants ngoba i-adsorption yawo ayithinteki yi-fiber surface charge, kodwa anikeza ukushaja okubi, okuholela ekutheni kube namandla aphansi kakhulu e-antistatic uma kuqhathaniswa nama-surfactant e-cationic kanye ne-amphoteric.
II. Izinto Zokulwa Nokungezwani Nezinto Ezingashukumi Zepulasitiki
Indlela yokusebenza kwama-ejenti e-antistatic epulasitiki asekelwe ku-surfactant
Ama-surfactant abopha ezindaweni zepulasitiki ngamandla e-van der Waals asebenza kumaketanga e-hydrocarbon angaphoqelekile, kanye namaqembu asebenzayo e-polar anwebeka ngaphandle ukuze akhe ifilimu efakwe i-adsorbed. Le filimu inikeza ukuhanjiswa komoya ukuze kuvunyelwe ukushaja okuqinile okusebenzayo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunciphise ukungqubuzana komoya ezindaweni zepulasitiki.
Ukuhlukaniswa ngohlobo lwamakhemikhali e-surfactant
(1) Ama-surfactant e-anionic
(2) Ama-surfactant e-Cationic
(3) Izinto ezikhipha ama-surfactant
(4) Ama-surfactant angewona ama-ionic
Ukuhlukaniswa ngendlela yesicelo
(1) Izinto ezivimbela ukuqina komoya zohlobo lokumboza (ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezibonakalayo)
(2) Ama-antistatic agents axutshwe ngokuncibilika (axutshwe nezinto zokusetshenziswa zepulasitiki ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa)
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-16-2026