Ingaruka zo kurwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere (antistatic) z'ibinyabutabire

Uburinzi bwaibintu bikoresha surfactantsni umutungo w'ibanze ushingira ku bikorwa byawo bifatika. Ni ingenzi mu buzima bwa buri munsi bw'ingo zitabarika kandi igenda ikoreshwa cyane mu bucuruzi bwose n'inganda.

Ingaruka zo kurwanya staticby'ibikoresho bya surfactants

Gushyushyanya bikunze gutera amashanyarazi adahindagurika ku migozi, pulasitiki n'ibindi bicuruzwa birangiye, bigahungabanya imikorere yabyo. Urugero, imyenda y'imyenda ifite ingufu zidahindagurika ikunda gufatana neza n'umubiri cyangwa gufatana n'ibindi bicuruzwa, kandi ikurura umukungugu n'umwanda byoroshye. Amashanyarazi adahindagurika agira ingaruka zikomeye ku bicuruzwa bya pulasitiki: si pulasitiki gusa inyuza umukungugu mu buryo bworoshye, ikangiza ubwiza bwabyo, isuku y'ubuso n'ubwiza bw'ubwiza, ahubwo n'agaciro kabyo mu bucuruzi na byo biragabanuka.

Uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe surfactant bukoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe mu gukuraho ubwiyongere bw’uturemangingo, kandi ubwo buryo buzwi nka antistatic agents.

Igice cya 1: Amashanyarazi adahindagurika n'uburyo bwo kuyabyaza umusaruro

Nubwo hari itandukaniro rito mu bisubizo by’ibizamini birebana n’uruhererekane rw’imigozi ya triboelectric y’abashakashatsi batandukanye, imigozi irimo amide ihuza nk’ubwoya, nylon n’ubwoya bw’ubukorano muri rusange ikunze kugira charge nziza.

Imyitwarire yo gushyushya ya pulasitiki isanzwe igaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 10-2. Urukurikirane rw'ibintu bisanzwe kuva kuri charge nziza kugeza kuri negative ni uru rukurikira:

(+) Polyurethane–Umusatsi w'umuntu–Nayiloni–Ubwoya–Silika–Fibre ya viscose–Ipamba–Rubber ikomeye–Asetate ya selulosi–Vinylon–Polypropylene–Polyester–Polyacrylonitrile–Polyvinyl chloride–Kopolimeri ya vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile–Polyethylene–Polytetrafluoroethylene (-)

Uburyo nyabwo bwo gukora amashanyarazi adahindagurika ntiburasobanuka neza, nyamara abantu bemeranya ko gushwanyagurika hagati y’ibintu bitandukanye bituma habaho kwimura umuriro hagati y’ubuso buhuza, bityo bigatuma habaho amashanyarazi adahindagurika. Ingano y’umuriro utwarwa n’ikintu iterwa no kwiyongera cyangwa gutakaza electron: ibintu bitakaza electron kandi bigahinduka amashanyarazi meza, mu gihe ibyo electron bibona amashanyarazi mabi.

Igice cya 2 Ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere

Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ibanze buhari bwo gukuraho amashanyarazi adahindagurika:

Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiterere: Kubera ko ubunini bw'amashanyarazi adahinduka buterwa n'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe, ubuhanga bukoreshwa mu gukoresha imiterere burimo kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe ndetse no gusohora korona bishobora gukoreshwa mu gukuraho imiterere idahinduka ku buso bw'ibikoresho.

Uburyo bwo gukoresha imiti yo ku butaka: Imiti ikoreshwa mu gusukura, izwi kandi nka antistatic agents, ikoreshwa mu gusukura imigozi n'ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki cyangwa ikavangwa muri pulasitiki kugira ngo ikureho amashanyarazi adahindagurika.

I. Ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere ku nsinga

Imiterere isabwa y'ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere byujuje ibisabwa

(1) Bika uburyo bwo gukora imigozi mu ntoki bwa mbere;

(2) Itanga imikorere myiza cyane yo kurwanya static ku gipimo gito kandi igakomeza kugira akamaro mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe buke;

(3) Igaragaza ko ihuye neza n'imigozi ya resin;

(4) Kuba bihuye neza n'ibindi bikoresho by'ubufasha mu gutunganya;

(5) Ntugatume habaho ifuro kandi ntugasige ibyanduza amazi;

(6) Ntirigira uburozi kandi ntirirakaza uruhu rw'umuntu;

(7) Gukomeza imikorere ihamye uko igihe kigenda gihita.

Ishyirwa mu byiciro ry'ibintu birwanya fibre

Ibyuma birwanya imirasire ya cationic na amphoteric bigize ibyiciro by'ingenzi by'ibintu birwanya imirasire ya static mu gukoresha fibre.

Uburyo bwo kurwanya static

Surfactants zigira ingaruka zo kurwanya static ku myenda binyuze mu nzira ebyiri z'ingenzi: kubuza static energy gukora mu gihe cyo gukururana no koroshya ikwirakwira ry'imirasire y'ubuso. Guhagarika frictional charging bifitanye isano rya hafi n'imiterere ya molekile ya surfactant, mu gihe charge itakara iterwa n'ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza hamwe na hygroscopicity ya surfactants ku buso bwa fibre.

Ibikoresho bya CationicBikurura byoroshye ku buso bwa fibre ifite amashanyarazi mabi binyuze mu bushobozi bwabyo bw’ibanze:

①Bigabanya imbaraga z’ubuso bw’imigozi;

②Imiterere ya Cationic ifata ku migozi inyuze mu matsinda ya ammonium ya quaternary ifite ingufu nziza, hamwe n'iminyururu ya hydrocarbon ishingiye ku mazi ireba inyuma, igakora firime ikozwe mu buryo bwa “adsorbed” ku buso bwa fibre. Iyi firime igabanya neza uburyaryate bwo ku buso mu gihe cyo gukoranaho kandi ikagabanya ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe butiyongera.

Ku bijyanye n'imigozi ya sintetike ifite polarity nkeya kandi idafite hydrophobic cyane, cationic surfactants ifata ku buso bwa fibre binyuze mu mbaraga za van der Waals zikora ku miyoboro ya hydrophobic hydrocarbon, mu gihe amatsinda ya quaternary ammonium yo mu kirere areba inyuma. Ibi bipfuka imigozi ifite hydrophilic polar layer yongera amashanyarazi yo hejuru no kubika ubushuhe, byihutisha ikwirakwira ry'amashanyarazi ahoraho aterwa no gukururana no gutanga imikorere irwanya static.

Ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza dioctadecyl ammonium chloride ku migozi karemano buri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’ubwo ku migozi ikoze mu by’ubukorikori, bigaragaza ko ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imigozi karemano buruta ubw’imigozi karemano.

Kimwe n’ibinyabutabire bya cationic, ibinyabutabire bya amphoteric bifite imbaraga nziza kandi bikinjira ku buso bwa fibre bufite ingufu nke kugira ngo bihagarike imbaraga zidahinduka, aho ibice byabyo bigabanya ubushyuhe ku buso. Bitandukanye n’ibinyabutabire bya cationic, molekile za amphoteric zirimo itsinda ry’inyongera rya anionic, rirushaho kongera ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza ubushuhe ku buso no gukwirakwiza ingufu. Bityo, ibinyabutabire bya amphoteric bikora nk'ibintu birwanya imbaraga zidahinduka ku buso, nubwo bihenze cyane.

Surfactants za Anionic na Nonionic zigaragaza ubushobozi buke bwo kurwanya static bitewe n'urugero ruto rwo kuvoma ku buso bwa fibre. Surfactants za Nonionic zivoma byoroshye kurusha surfactants za Anionic kuko adsorption yazo idaterwa n'umuvuduko wa fibre, nyamara ntizitanga charge ihagije, bigatuma ubushobozi bwa antistatic budakomeye cyane ugereranije na surfactants za cationic na amphoteric bugabanuka.

II. Ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere bya Plastiki

Uburyo bwo gukora ibikoresho bya pulasitiki birwanya static bishingiye kuri surfactant

Imiterere y'ibintu ifata ku buso bwa pulasitiki binyuze mu mbaraga za van der Waals bikora ku miyoboro ya hydrocarbon iterwa n'amazi, aho amatsinda y'imikorere y'izuba anyura hanze kugira ngo akore filime ifatanye n'amazi. Iyi filime itanga ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi ku buso kugira ngo ishobore gukwirakwiza neza amashanyarazi adahindagurika kandi icyarimwe ikagabanya ubukana bw'ubuso ku buso bwa pulasitiki.

Ishyirwa mu byiciro hakurikijwe ubwoko bw'ibinyabutabire bya surfactant

(1) Ibikoresho bya anionic surfactants

(2) Ibikoresho bya Cationic surfactants

(3) Imiti ikoreshwa mu gukamura ibinyabutabire

(4) Ibikoresho bidafite ionic

Gushyira mu byiciro hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gukoresha

(1) Ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y'ikirere nk'imvange (bishyirwa ku buso bw'ibikoresho)

(2) Ibintu birwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere bivanze n’ingufu (bivanze mu bikoresho fatizo bya pulasitiki mu gihe cyo kubivanga)