Cov nyhuv tiv thaiv ntawm Surfactants

Qhov kev ntxuav ntawmcov tshuaj surfactantsyog qhov khoom tseem ceeb uas txhawb nqa lawv cov kev siv dav tshaj plaws. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau lub neej txhua hnub ntawm ntau tsev neeg thiab tau txais kev siv ntau ntxiv thoob plaws txhua qhov kev lag luam thiab kev tsim khoom lag luam.

Cov nyhuv tiv thaiv kab mobntawm cov tshuaj Surfactants

Kev sib txhuam feem ntau tsim hluav taws xob zoo li qub rau cov fibers, plastics thiab lwm yam khoom tiav, ua rau lawv cov kev pabcuam tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub textile uas muaj hluav taws xob zoo li qub feem ntau lo rau lub cev lossis lo rau lwm qhov chaw, thiab yooj yim nyiam cov hmoov av thiab av qias neeg. Hluav taws xob zoo li qub muaj kev cuam tshuam loj dua rau cov khoom yas: tsis yog cov yas yooj yim nqus cov hmoov av, ua rau lawv cov pob tshab, qhov huv ntawm qhov chaw thiab qhov zoo nkauj, tab sis lawv cov kev pabcuam thiab tus nqi lag luam kuj poob qis.

Kev kho mob antistatic uas siv surfactant yog txoj kev tseem ceeb uas siv tam sim no los tshem tawm cov khoom siv static, thiab cov surfactants no hu ua cov neeg sawv cev antistatic.

Tshooj 1 Hluav Taws Xob Static thiab Nws Cov Txheej Txheem Tsim Khoom

Txawm hais tias muaj qhov sib txawv me ntsis hauv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim txog kev them hluav taws xob triboelectric ntawm cov fibers los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb sib txawv, cov fibers uas muaj cov amide txuas xws li cov plaub mos mos, nylon thiab cov plaub mos mos feem ntau nqa cov nqi zoo.

Cov cwj pwm them ntawm cov yas feem ntau tau teev nyob rau hauv Rooj 10-2. Cov kab ke triboelectric ntawm cov khoom ib txwm muaj los ntawm qhov zoo mus rau qhov tsis zoo yog raws li nram no:

(+) Polyurethane–Cov plaub hau tib neeg–Nylon–Cov plaub mos mos–Paj rwb–Cov fiber ntau viscose–Paj rwb–Roj hmab tawv–Cellulose acetate–Vinylon–Polypropylene–Polyester–Polyacrylonitrile–Polyvinyl chloride–Vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer–Polyethylene–Polytetrafluoroethylene (-)

Cov txheej txheem tseeb ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob zoo li qub tseem tsis tau piav qhia tag nrho, tab sis kev pom zoo tuav tias kev sib txhuam ntawm cov khoom sib txawv ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov nplaim sib cuag, yog li tsim hluav taws xob zoo li qub. Lub polarity ntawm cov nqi uas ib yam khoom nqa yog txiav txim siab los ntawm electron nce lossis poob: cov khoom poob electrons thiab dhau los ua positive charge, thaum cov electrons tau txais cov nqi tsis zoo.

Tshooj 2 Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob

Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb los tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob static:

Cov txheej txheem lub cev: Vim tias qhov loj ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob static raug cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thiab av noo, cov txheej txheem lub cev suav nrog kev tswj qhov kub thiab av noo thiab kev tso tawm corona tuaj yeem siv los tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob static ntawm cov khoom siv.

Cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg ntawm qhov chaw: Cov tshuaj surfactants, tseem hu ua cov neeg sawv cev antistatic, yog siv los kho cov fibers thiab cov khoom yas lossis sib xyaw rau hauv cov yas matrices kom tshem tawm hluav taws xob static.

I. Cov Neeg Sawv Cev Tiv Thaiv Kev Ua Hluav Taws Xob rau Cov Fibers

Cov yam ntxwv yuav tsum muaj ntawm cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob uas tsim nyog

(1) Khaws cov tes qub ntawm cov fibers;

(2) Ua tau zoo heev antistatic kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov koob tshuaj tsawg thiab tseem ua haujlwm tau zoo nyob rau hauv qhov kub qis;

(3) Qhia tau zoo heev nrog cov fibers resin;

(4) Muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog lwm cov neeg pabcuam ua haujlwm;

(5) Ua rau tsis muaj npuas dej thiab tsis tawm cov dej tsis huv;

(6) Tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis ua rau tawv nqaij tib neeg khaus;

(7) Tswj kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov dhau sijhawm.

Kev faib tawm ntawm cov neeg sawv cev antistatic fiber

Cov tshuaj cationic thiab amphoteric surfactants yog cov pawg tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev antistatic rau cov ntawv thov fiber.

Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv hluav taws xob

Cov tshuaj surfactants muaj cov teebmeem antistatic rau cov ntaub los ntawm ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb: tiv thaiv kev tsim hluav taws xob thaum lub sijhawm sib txhuam thiab pab txhawb kev tshem tawm cov nqi hluav taws xob ntawm qhov chaw. Kev txwv ntawm kev sib txhuam them yog sib raug zoo nrog cov qauv molecular surfactant, thaum kev tshem tawm cov nqi nyob ntawm lub peev xwm adsorption thiab hygroscopicity ntawm surfactants ntawm cov fiber nto.

Cov tshuaj cationic surfactantsyooj yim nqus mus rau ntawm cov nplaim fiber uas raug them tsis zoo los ntawm lawv cov nqi zoo intrinsic:

①Lawv neutralize cov nqi ntawm cov fibers;

②Cov tshuaj cationic surfactants txuas rau cov fibers los ntawm cov pab pawg quaternary ammonium uas muaj cov nqi zoo, nrog rau cov saw hydrophobic hydrocarbon uas taw qhia sab nraud, tsim cov zaj duab xis adsorbed kom raug rau ntawm cov nplaim fiber. Cov zaj duab xis no txo ​​cov kev sib txhuam ntawm qhov chaw thaum sib cuag thiab txo cov kev sib txhuam zoo li qub.

Rau cov fibers uas tsis muaj polarity, cov hydrophobic heev, cov cationic surfactants lo rau ntawm cov fiber nto ntawm van der Waals forces ua rau hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains, thaum cov polar quaternary ammonium pawg tig mus rau sab nraud. Qhov no txheej cov fibers nrog ib txheej hydrophilic polar uas ua rau muaj hluav taws xob zoo dua thiab khaws cov dej noo, ua kom cov hluav taws xob tsis sib haum xeeb thiab ua kom cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo ploj mus.

Lub peev xwm adsorption ntawm dioctadecyl ammonium chloride ntawm cov fibers ntuj yog siab dua li ntawm cov fibers hluavtaws, qhia txog kev ua haujlwm zoo dua antistatic rau cov fiber substrates ntuj.

Ib yam li cov cationic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants dais cov nqi zoo thiab nqus rau ntawm cov fiber nto uas muaj nqi tsis zoo kom tsis txhob muaj cov nqi zoo li qub, nrog rau lawv cov hydrophobic moieties txo qhov kev sib txhuam ntawm qhov chaw. Tsis zoo li cov cationic surfactants, amphoteric molecules muaj ib pawg anionic ntxiv, uas ua rau kom muaj kev nqus dej noo ntawm qhov chaw thiab muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov nqi. Yog li ntawd, amphoteric surfactants ua haujlwm ua cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv zoo li qub, txawm tias tus nqi siab dua.

Cov tshuaj surfactants anionic thiab nonionic qhia tau tias lawv ua haujlwm tsis zoo vim tias lawv cov adsorption tsis zoo rau ntawm cov fiber surfactants. Cov tshuaj surfactants nonionic nqus tau yooj yim dua li cov tshuaj surfactants anionic vim tias lawv cov adsorption tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov fiber, tab sis lawv tsis muaj cov nqi dissipation zoo, ua rau lawv muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv tau zoo dua piv rau cov tshuaj cationic thiab amphoteric surfactants.

II. Cov Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob Rau Cov Yas

Mechanism ntawm surfactant-based plastic antistatic agents

Cov tshuaj surfactants khi rau cov yas nto los ntawm van der Waals lub zog ua rau hydrophobic hydrocarbon saw, nrog rau cov pab pawg polar functional txuas mus rau sab nraud los tsim ib zaj duab xis adsorbed. Zaj duab xis no muab cov conductivity ntawm qhov chaw kom ua tau zoo static charge dissipation thiab tib lub sijhawm tswj kev sib txhuam ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov yas substrates.

Kev faib tawm los ntawm hom tshuaj surfactant

(1) Cov tshuaj surfactants Anionic

(2) Cov tshuaj cationic surfactants

(3) Cov tshuaj surfactants Amphoteric

(4) Cov tshuaj surfactants uas tsis yog ionic

Kev faib tawm los ntawm txoj kev thov

(1) Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hluav taws xob hom txheej (siv rau cov khoom siv nto)

(2) Cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob uas yaj sib xyaw (sib xyaw rau hauv cov khoom siv yas thaum lub sijhawm sib xyaw)