Ko te horoi ongā matū horoiKo te āhuatanga matua tēnei e tautoko ana i ngā whakamahinga whānui o ēnei mea. He mea nui ki te oranga o ia rā o te tini o ngā whare, ā, kei te piki haere te whakamahinga puta noa i ngā rāngai mahi toi me ngā rāngai whakaputa ahumahi katoa.
Pānga Ārai-Patūo ngā Surfactants
He maha ngā wā ka puta te hiko pateko i runga i ngā muka, ngā kirihou me ētahi atu hua kua oti i te waku, ka whakararu i te mahi a te ratonga. Hei tauira, ko ngā papanga kakahu e whakamahia ana te hiko pateko ka piri ki te tinana, ka piri rānei ki ētahi atu mata, ā, ka ngawari te kukume i te puehu me te paru. He nui ake te pānga o te hiko pateko ki ngā hua kirihou: ehara i te mea ka mimiti noa te kirihou i te puehu, ka whakararu i te mārama, te ma o te mata me te ataahua, engari ka heke hoki te mahi ratonga me te uara arumoni.
Ko te maimoatanga ārai-pūmau e hangai ana ki te matū hopi te tikanga matua e whakamahia ana i tēnei wā hei whakakore i te hanga matū hopi, ā, e mōhiotia ana aua matū hopi he matū ārai-pūmau.
Wāhanga 1 Te Hiko Pūmau me ōna Tikanga Whakaputa
Ahakoa he iti noa ngā rerekētanga i roto i ngā hua whakamātautau e pā ana ki te raupapa utu triboelectric o ngā muka mai i ngā kairangahau rerekē, ko ngā muka kei roto ngā hononga amide pēnei i te huruhuru hipi, te nairona me te huruhuru hipi horihori he maha ngā utu pai.
Kei te Ripanga 10-2 ngā whanonga utu o ngā kirihou noa. Ko te raupapa triboelectric o ngā matū noa mai i te utu pai ki te utu kino koia tēnei:
(+) Polyurethane–Makawe tangata–Nailoni–Hūru–Hiraka–muka viscose–Miro–Rapa mārō–Asetate cellulose–Vinirona–Polypropylene–Polyester–Polyacrylonitrile–Polyvinyl chloride–Copolymer vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile–Polyethylene–Polytetrafluoroethylene (-)
Kāore anō kia tino mārama ngā tikanga tuturu o te hanganga hiko pateko, engari e whakaae ana te katoa ko te waku i waenga i ngā matū rerekē ka puta te whakawhiti utu i waenga i ngā mata e pā ana, ā, ka puta te hiko pateko. Ko te kaha o te utu e mau ana i tētahi matū ka whakatauhia e te pikinga, te ngaronga rānei o te irahiko: ka ngaro ngā irahiko i ngā matū ka utu pai, ko te hunga e whiwhi ana i ngā irahiko ka utu kino.
Wāhanga 2 Ngā Kaihoko Ārai-Patū
E rua ngā huarahi matua e wātea ana hei whakakore i te hiko pateko:
Ngā tikanga ā-tinana: Nā te mea ka pāngia te nui o te utu pateko e te pāmahana me te haumākū, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ā-tinana tae atu ki te whakahaere i te pāmahana me te haumākū me te tukunga korona hei tango i te pateko mai i ngā mata o ngā rauemi.
Ngā tikanga matū mata: Ko ngā surfactants, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā āpiha ārai-patū, ka whakamahia hei rongoā mata i ngā muka me ngā hua kirihou, ka whakaranua rānei ki roto i ngā whāriki kirihou hei whakakore i te hiko patū.
I. Ngā Ārai-Patū mō ngā Muka
Ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana mō ngā kaihoko antistatic whai tohu
(1) Kia mau tonu te āhua taketake o ngā muka ki te ringaringa;
(2) Ka tukuna he mahi ārai-pūmau tino pai i ngā horopeta iti, ā, ka mau tonu te whai hua i raro i ngā āhuatanga pāmahana iti;
(3) Whakaatu i te hototahitanga tino pai ki ngā muka kapia;
(4) He pai te hototahitanga ki ētahi atu taputapu tukatuka;
(5) Kāore e puta he huka, ā, kāore hoki e waiho he paru wai;
(6) Kāore e paitini, kāore hoki e whakapataritari i te kiri tangata;
(7) Kia mau tonu te mahi pumau i roto i te wā.
Te whakarōpūtanga o ngā kaihoko antistatic muka
Ko ngā surfactants cationic me amphoteric ngā momo matua o ngā kaihoko antistatic mō ngā tono muka.
Ngā tikanga ārai-pūmau
E rua ngā ara matua o ngā matū horoi ka pāngia e ngā matū horoi kakahu: te aukati i te whakaputanga matū horoi i te wā e pā ana te waku me te whakahaere i te memeha haere o ngā utu matū horoi o te mata. He hononga tata te pehi i te utunga waku ki te hanganga ngota o te matū horoi kakahu, engari ko te memeha haere o te utu ka whakawhirinaki ki te kaha mimiti me te hihiko o ngā matū horoi kakahu i runga i ngā mata muka.
Ngā matū horoi kationikaka piri ngāwari ki ngā mata muka utu kino mā roto i ō rātou utu pai ā-roto:
①Ka whakakorea e rātou ngā utu ā-mata o ngā muka;
②Ka piri ngā matū horoi kationika ki ngā muka mā roto i ngā rōpū ammonia quaternary kua utua pai, me ngā mekameka hauwaiwai waikura e anga ana ki waho, ka hanga he kiriata piri kua whakaritea ki runga i ngā mata muka. Ka whakaitihia e tēnei kiriata te waku o te mata i te wā e pa ana, ā, ka whakaitihia te hanga waku pumau.
Mō ngā muka hangai iti-polarity, tino hydrophobic, ka piri ngā surfactants cationic ki ngā mata muka mā roto i ngā kaha van der Waals e pā ana ki ngā mekameka hydrocarbon hydrophobic, ko ngā rōpū ammonium quaternary polar e anga ana ki waho. Ka pania e tēnei ngā muka ki tētahi paparanga polar hydrophilic e whakanui ana i te kawe hiko o te mata me te pupuri makuku, ka tere ake te marara o te hiko pateko i puta mai i te waku me te tuku mahi antistatic.
He nui ake te kaha mimiti o te dioctadecyl ammonium chloride i runga i ngā muka taiao i tērā i runga i ngā muka hangai, e tohu ana i te whai huatanga ārai-pūmau pai rawa atu mō ngā papa muka taiao.
Pērā i ngā matū horoi cationic, he pai ngā utu o ngā matū horoi amphoteric, ā, ka piri ki ngā mata muka kua utua kinotia hei whakakore i ngā utu tūmau, me ō rātou wāhanga hydrophobic e whakaiti ana i te waku o te mata. Kāore i rite ki ngā matū horoi cationic, kei roto i ngā ngota amphoteric tētahi atu rōpū anionic, e whakarei ake ana i te mimiti makuku o te mata me te kaha ki te marara utu. Nō reira, he kaihoko ārai tūmau te mahi a ngā matū horoi amphoteric, ahakoa he nui ake te utu.
He ngoikore te mahi ārai-pūmau a ngā matū horoi anionic me te kore-ionic nā te iti o ngā taumata mimiti i runga i ngā mata muka. He tere ake te mimiti a ngā matū horoi kore-ionic i ngā matū horoi anionic nā te mea kāore e pāngia e te utu o te mata muka te mimiti, engari he iti te marara o te utu, ā, he iti iho te kaha ārai-pūmau ki te whakatauritea ki ngā matū horoi cationic me te amphoteric.
II. Ngā Ārai-Patū mō ngā Kirihou
Te tikanga o ngā kaihoko antistatic kirihou e hangai ana ki te surfactant
Ka herea ngā matū horoi ki ngā mata kirihou mā roto i ngā kaha van der Waals e pā ana ki ngā mekameka hauwaiwaiwai waipēhi, me ngā rōpū mahi porowhita e toro atu ana ki waho hei hanga i tētahi kiriata mimiti kua whakaritea. Ka whakawhiwhia e tēnei kiriata te kawe hiko o te mata hei whakahohe i te tohatoha utu pūmau, ā, i te wā kotahi ka whakaiti i te waku o te mata i runga i ngā papa kirihou.
Te whakarōpūtanga mā te momo matū surfactant
(1) Ngā matū horoi anionic
(2) Ngā matū horoi kationika
(3) Ngā matū whakakoi ā-whakapūmau
(4) Ngā matū horoi kore-ionic
Whakarōpūtanga mā te tikanga tono
(1) Ngā matū ārai-pūmau momo-paninga (e whakamahia ana ki ngā mata rauemi)
(2) Ngā matū ārai-pūmau kua whakaranua ki te rewa (kua konatunatua ki ngā rauemi mata kirihou i te wā e whakaranua ana)
Wā tuku: Hurae-16-2026