Mhedzisiro yeAntistatic yeSurfactants

Kudzivirira kwezvinhu zvinoshandisa masurfactantndiyo pfuma huru inotsigira mashandisirwo avo akawanda. Yakakosha muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwemhuri dzisingaverengeki uye iri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumabasa ese ekutengeserana nemaindasitiri.

Mhedzisiro IsingachinjiyeSurfactants

Kukweshana kunowanzo gadzira magetsi asingachinji pafiber, mapurasitiki nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa, zvichikanganisa mashandiro azvo. Semuenzaniso, machira ejira ane simba asingachinji anowanzo namatira zvakasimba pamuviri kana kunamira kune dzimwe nzvimbo, uye anokwevera guruva netsvina zviri nyore. Magetsi asingachinji anokanganisa zvakanyanya zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki: mapurasitiki haangonyungudi guruva chete, zvichikanganisa kujeka kwawo, kuchena kwenzvimbo uye runako, asi mashandiro awo uye kukosha kwawo mukutengeserana kunodererawo.

Kurapa nekushandisa surfactant antistatic treatment ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa pari zvino kubvisa static buildup, uye surfactants dzakadaro dzinozivikanwa se antistatic agents.

Chikamu 1 Magetsi Asingachinji uye Nzira Dzekugadzira Magetsi

Kunyangwe paine musiyano mudiki mumhedzisiro yebvunzo maererano nekutevedzana kwekuchaja kwetriboelectric kwemafiber kubva kuvaongorori vakasiyana, mafiber ane amide linkages akadai semvere dzemakwai, nayiloni uye mvere dzemachira akagadzirwa anowanzo takura chaji dzakanaka.

Maitiro ekuchaja emapurasitiki akajairika akanyorwa muTafura 10-2. Kurongeka kwezvinhu zvakajairika kubva pakuchaja kwakanaka kusvika kune kushaja kwakashata kunotevera:

(+) Polyurethane–Vhudzi remunhu–Naironi–Makushe–Sirika–Faibha yeViscose–Donje–Rabha yakaoma–Cellulose acetate–Vinylon–Polypropylene–Polyester–Polyacrylonitrile–Polyvinyl chloride–Vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer–Polyethylene–Polytetrafluoroethylene (-)

Nzira chaiyo yekuumbwa kwemagetsi asingachinji haisati yanyatsojekeswa, asi vanhu vanobvumirana kuti kukweshana pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana kunokonzera kutamiswa kwechaji pakati penzvimbo dzinobata, nokudaro zvichigadzira magetsi asingachinji. Polarity yechaji inotakurwa nechinhu inotsanangurwa nekuwana kana kurasikirwa kwemaerekitironi: zvinhu zvinorasikirwa nemaerekitironi uye zvinova nechaji yakanaka, nepo maerekitironi anowana chaji dzisina kunaka.

Chikamu 2 Mishonga Inodzivirira Kushanduka Kwemamiriro Ekunze

Nzira mbiri huru dziripo dzekubvisa magetsi asingachinji:

Nzira dzepanyama: Sezvo huwandu hwechaji isingachinji huchikanganiswa netembiricha nehunyoro, matekiniki epanyama anosanganisira kudzora tembiricha nehunyoro uye kuburitswa kwekorona zvinogona kushandiswa kubvisa isingachinji pamusoro pezvinhu.

Nzira dzemakemikari pamusoro: Masurfactants, anonziwo maantistatic agents, anoshandiswa kuchenesa pamusoro pemafibers nezvinhu zvepurasitiki kana kusanganiswa kuita mamatrices epurasitiki kuti abvise magetsi asingachinji.

I. Zvinodzivirira Kushanduka kweMafuta

Hunhu hunodiwa hwemishonga inokwanisa kudzivirira static

(1) Chengetedza kunzwika kwepakutanga kwefibers neruoko;

(2) Inoita basa rakanaka rekudzivirira static padosi shoma uye inoramba ichishanda mumamiriro ekunze akaderera;

(3) Kuratidza kuenderana kwakanaka kwazvo ne resin fibers;

(4) Inoenderana zvakanaka nedzimwe nzira dzekubatsira pakugadzirisa;

(5) Usaite furo uye usasiye mavanga emvura;

(6) Haina chepfu uye haitsamwisi ganda revanhu;

(7) Chengetedza mashandiro akagadzikana nekufamba kwenguva.

Kupatsanura kwefiber antistatic agents

Ma "cationic" uye "amphoteric surfactants" ndiwo mapoka makuru e "antistatic agents" ekushandisa fiber.

Nzira dzinodzivisa kusimba kwemuviri

Masurfactants ane simba rekudzivirira static pamicheka kuburikidza nenzira mbiri huru: kudzivirira static contact contact uye kubatsira kuti surface static charges iparare. Kudziviswa kwe frictional charging kwakabatana zvakanyanya ne surfactant molecular structure, nepo charge dissipation inoenderana nekukwanisa kwe adsorption uye hygroscopicity yemasurfactants pafiber surfaces.

Zvishandiso zveCationicZvinopinda nyore nyore pafiber ine chaji isina kunaka kuburikidza ne intrinsic positive charges dzadzo:

①Zvinoderedza mhosva dzepamusoro dzemafiber;

②Ma "cationic surfactants" anonamira kuma "fibers" kuburikidza nemapoka e "quaternary ammonium" ane "positively charged", aine "hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains" akatarisa kunze, zvichiita kuti pave ne "adsorbed film" pamusoro pema "fiber surfaces". Iyi firimu inoderedza kukweshana kwepanyika panguva yekubatana uye inoderedza kuunganidzwa kwe "frosting static".

Kune fiber dzakagadzirwa dzine polarity yakaderera uye dzinonyanya kushaya mvura, ma surfactants ecationic anonamatira pamusoro pe fiber kuburikidza ne van der Waals forces anoshanda pa hydrophobic hydrocarbon chains, nepo polar quaternary ammonium groups akatarisana nekunze. Izvi zvinofukidza fibers ne hydrophilic polar layer iyo inowedzera conductivity yemagetsi epamusoro uye kuchengetedza hunyoro, zvichikurumidzisa kupararira kwe friction-induced static electricity uye zvichipa antistatic functionality.

Kugona kunyudza kwe dioctadecyl ammonium chloride pamafiber echisikigo kwakanyanya kupfuura kwemafiber ekugadzira, zvichiratidza kushanda kwakanaka kwe antistatic kune fiber substrates dzechisikigo.

Kufanana nema "cationic surfactants", ma "amphoteric surfactants" ane ma "positive charges" uye anonamira pamusoro pe "negative charge" fiber surfaces kuti abvise ma "static charges", ne "hydrophobic moieties" awo anoderedza kukweshana kwe "surface". Kusiyana nema "cationic surfactants", ma "amphoteric molecules" ane boka re "anionic" rekuwedzera, iro rinowedzera kuwedzera kunyudzwa kwemvura pamusoro uye kugona kwayo kuburitsa ma "charge". Saka ma "amphoteric surfactants" anoshanda se "high-performance antistatic agents", kunyangwe zvichidhura zvakanyanya.

Ma surfactants eanionic neasirionic anoratidza kushanda kusina simba kwe antistatic nekuda kwemazinga mashoma ekunyungudutsa pa fiber surfaces. Ma nonionic surfactants anonyungudutsa zviri nyore kupfuura ma anionic surfactants nekuti adsorption yawo haikanganiswi ne fiber surface charge, asi haapi simba rekunyungudutsa zvakanaka, zvichikonzera simba re antistatic rakaderera zvikuru kana tichienzanisa nema surfactants ecationic neamphoteric.

II. Zvinodzivirira Kushanduka kweMapurasitiki

Maitiro ekushandisa mapurasitiki anodzivirira static akagadzirwa ne surfactant

Ma surfactants anosunga pamusoro pepurasitiki kuburikidza ne van der Waals forces anoshanda pama hydrocarbon chains anotyaira mvura, nemapoka anoshanda e polar anotambanukira kunze kuti agadzire firimu rakanamirwa. Firimu iyi inoita kuti pamusoro payo pave nekufambiswa kwesimba rinomira zvakanaka uye panguva imwe chete inoderedza kukweshana kwepasi pepurasitiki.

Kupatsanurwa nerudzi rwemakemikari esurfactant

(1) Anionic surfactants

(2) Zvishandiso zveCationic

(3) Mishonga yeAmphoteric surfactants

(4) Zvinhu zvisiri zveionic surfactants

Kupatsanurwa nenzira yekushandisa

(1) Mishonga inodzivisa kupararira kwemhepo (inoiswa pamusoro pezvinhu)

(2) Mishonga inodzivisa kugadzikana inosanganiswa nemunyungudutswa (inosanganiswa mupurasitiki panguva yekubatanidza)