Te Whakarōpūtanga me ngā Āhuatanga o ngā Kaihoroi Kakariki

Ngā matū horoihe tino mōrearea ki te tinana tangata me ngā pūnaha rauropi taiao i te wā e hangaia ana, e whakamahia ana hoki. Te tāpiri i tētahi nui o te matū horoi-Ka taea e ngā whakarewa e hangai ana ki ngā hopi horoi te whakapai ake i tō rātou wairewatanga me te mahi horoi. Heoi anō, he paitini ēnei whakarewa ki tētahi taumata, ā, ka puta he riri kiri mārama. Ka puta hoki he mōrearea ki ngā rauropi te whakamahinga nui o ngā surfactants. Hei tauira, he ngoikore te pirau o te konutai alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS). Ko tōna whakamahinga nui ki ngā hopi horoi ka puta he pahuka nui, ka nui te pahuka i roto i ngā waikeri me ngā awa o te tāone. Ko ngā surfactants kei roto he phosphates ka puta te eutrophication i roto i ngā awa me ngā roto i te whakamahinga. Ko te whanariki hauhā me te whanariki trioxide i hangaia i te wā e hangaia ana te linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), me te dioxin-ngā matū rite i roto i te waipiro ethoxylate sulfate (AES)-ngā momo hua, he ātete ki te pirau koiora, ā, he nui te kino ki te taiao.

Hei tūtaki ki ngā tāngata'te hauora e tipu haere ana-e hiahiatia ana te tiaki me te whakapūmau i te whanaketanga pumau o te taiao noho tangata, he mea nui kia whakawhanakehia ngā surfactants kāore e-he paitini, he kino hoki ki te tangata, ā, kia kore ai e poke te taiao.

Te Whakarōpūtanga me ngā Āhuatanga o ngā Kaihoroi Kakariki

Ko ngā matū horoi matomato e pā ana ki ngā matū horoi i tukatukahia mai i ngā rauemi taiao, i ngā rauemi whakahou rānei, he iti te riri o te tangata, ā, he tere te pirau. E ai ki te memeha o roto i te wai, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā matū horoi matomato ki ngā momo kore--ngā kaiwhakarewa kakariki ionic me ngā kaiwhakarewa kakariki ionic. Ka whakarōpūhia anō ngā kaiwhakarewa kakariki ionic ki te cationic, te anionic me te amphoteric-ngā momo ionic i runga i ō rātou matū hohe i muri i te whakarewanga.

Ka tukatukahia ngā matū horoi matomato mai i ngā rauemi taiao, ngā rauemi whakahou rānei, ā, he tino pai ngā āhuatanga pērā i te takenga mai o te taiao, te ngawari me te iti o te riri. Pērā i ngā matū horoi tikanga, kei roto i ngā matū horoi matomato ngā rōpū hydrophilic me ngā rōpū hydrophobic. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā matū horoi tuku iho, ka tukuna e ngā matū horoi matomato he nui te...-he pai te whai huatanga o te hopi, he hototahitanga tino pai, he hototahitanga pai hoki ki te taiao, ā, he pai hoki ngā āhuatanga whakaemulsifying, horoi, whakarewa, mākū, whakarewa me te whakau.

Hei tāpiritanga, he āhuatanga ahurei tō ia momo matū horoi matomato. Hei tauira,ā-E whakaatu ana te tote ester waikawa ngako sulfo (MEC) i te ngohe o te mata i ngā kukū iti me te pakeke-ātete wai; he tino pai te mahi pahuka me te whakapūkara o te monoalkyl phosphate, he āhuatanga ārai-pūmau, ā, he tino pai hoki mō te kiri. Kei roto i ngā matū horoi matomato noaā-te waikawa ngako whanariki metilētera (MEC), te alkyl polyglycoside (APG), te glucose amide (APA), te waipiro ether carboxylate (AEC), te monoalkyl phosphate (MAP), me te alkyl glucose amide (MECA).

Ngā Āhuatanga, Ngā Whakamahinga me te Tūnga o Nāianei o Ētahi Momo Kaihoroi Kakariki

Ko ngā matū horoi matomato e tohuhia ana e te takenga mai i te taiao, te ngawari me te iti o te riri. He rite ki ngā matū horoi tuku iho, he rōpū hydrophilic me ngā rōpū hydrophobic kei roto. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā matū horoi tuku iho, he nui ngā āhuatanga o ngā matū horoi matomato-te whai huatanga o te hopi, te hototahitanga tino pai me te hototahitanga pai ki te taiao, tae atu ki ngā mahi whakaemulsifying, horoi, whakarewa, mākū, whakarewa me te whakapūmau e hiahiatia ana.

●Ngā Porakakurukoti Āriki(APG)

He mea hou te Alkyl polyglucoside (APG)-taiao whakatipuranga-he matū horoi matomato hoa. He mea kore--he matū horoi ionic i hangaia mā te tauhohe i te hukahuka mai i ngā rauemi mata taiao, rauemi mata hou rānei pērā i te māngaro me ngā waipiro ngako. Hei matū kore hou-He matū horoi ionic, he tino pai te kaha o te APG ki te pahuka, he iti te riri ki te tinana tangata, ā, he tere te pirau. He iti te kukū o te mata, he pai te horoi, he pahuka momona, he pai te hototahi, ā, he mārama ngā pānga mahi tahi me ngā momo matū horoi katoa. He whānui hoki ōna-he mahi patu huakita te whānuitanga, he ngāwari ki te waimeha, kāore e whakaatu i te ira kapua, i te waimeha rānei, ā, he watea ki te whakamahi me te kawakore kaha-te ātete me te tote-te manawanui

Ko ngā rauemi mata mō te hanga APG he mea ā-waha-te hukahuka me ngā waipiro ngako. Nā te mea kāore i te-paitini, ā, kāore-He āhuatanga whakapataritari, he whakakapinga a APG mō ngā matū horoi tikanga, ā, he whānui ngā tono. He whānui te whakamahinga i roto i ngā mara ahumahi tae atu ki ngā takawaenga patu pepeke, ngā hopi horoi, ngā mea whakapaipai, te kai, ngā rongoā, te ahi-te whawhai, te kakahu, te tā me te tae, me te hinu.

●Waipiro Etera Whanawha (AES)

Ka whiwhihia te waipiro ether sulfate (AES) mā te sulfating i ngā fatty alcohol ethoxylates, ka puta mai i te tauhohenga tāpiri i waenga i ngā waipiro ngako teitei me te ethylene oxide. Hei akomanga nui o ngā surfactants anionic, he tino pai te AES.-ātete wai, mahi pahuka me te iti-āhuatanga pāmahana. Ka tere te pirau, ka pā he riri iti ki te kiri, ā, he pai te hototahi ki ngā whākōkī. He mārama, he pumau hoki tōna otinga, ā, ka taea te whakarite ngāwari i tōna matotoru mā te whakamahi i ngā irahiko. Nō reira, he nui te whakamahinga o te AES i roto i ngā hopi horoi wai, he iti te-te whākōkī me te whākōkī-ngā hopi horoi kore utu, me ngā hua tiaki whaiaro. Koinei hoki te matū horoi matomato anionic matua i Haina. He mea hou pēnei-Ko ētahi o ngā momo hua ko te Guerbet alcohol sulfate (GAS), te Guerbet alcohol phosphate (GAP), te Guerbet alcohol ethoxylate sulfate (GAES) me te Guerbet alcohol ethoxylate phosphate (GAEP).

●Metil Ester Sulfonate (MES)

He mea hou a MES-te whakaputanga o te matū horoi matomato. E haurua rau tau te roa o tana rangahau me te whanaketanga. Mō ngā tekau tau, tata katoa te pai-Kua whakapau kaha ngā kamupene hopi horoi rongonui ki te MES, ā, kua tino whakanuia tōna mahi pai rawa atu. I ahu mai i ngā rauemi mata taiao me ngā rauemi mata ka taea te whakahou, he mea taiao te MES-hua matomato hoa, he pai te pirau. He ngawari te MES, ā, he iti iho tōna whakapataritari me tōna paitini ki te tangata i ērā o te linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), he rite ki te AS me te AES. Kāore he paitini ā-waha, ā, tata kore e pāngia e te mate.-he paitini ki ngā rauropi wai. He pai te horoi i roto i te wai matao me te wai mārō, ā, he nui ake tōna kaha horoi i tō te LAS me te AS, me ngā painga nui ake i roto i te wai mārō—he ngoikoretanga nui o LAS. He pai ake te whākōkī-ngā āhuatanga kore utu i te LAS. Ka heke tere te kaha horoi o te LAS i te korenga o te alkali me te sodium tripolyphosphate, engari he iti noa te hekenga o te mahi a te MES. Nō reira, he tino pai te MES mō te hanga phosphorus-kore utu / iti-taiao whākōkī-ngā hopi horoi pai. Ahakoa ēnei painga katoa, kua roa te putanga tuturu o ia tau e tata ana ki te 20 000 tana. Ko te whakatairanga arumoni e herea ana e ngā raruraru hanga me te hanganga: tae hohonu, ngawari te waikura ki roto i te wai kino-te tote disodium hopi horoi i te wā e whakama ana, te pumau wera ngoikore i raro i ngā āhuatanga wai kawakore, me ngā uauatanga hanga.

●Ngā Kaihoroi Gemini Pirau-koiora

He hanganga ngota motuhake ā ngā matū horoi Gemini. Ko ngā ngota horoi monomeric he mekameka hydrophobic kotahi me te rōpū hydrophilic kotahi. He rerekē, ko ngā ngota horoi Gemini he mekameka hydrophobic e rua (e toru rānei), he rōpū hydrophilic e rua me te rōpū mokowā e tata ana ki ngā wāhanga hydrophilic. Ka taea e te rōpū mokowā te hydrophilic, te hydrophobic rānei. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā matū horoi monomeric, he maha ngā āhuatanga tino pai o ngā matū horoi Gemini: he nui te mahi mata, he iti te pūwāhi Krafft me te wairewa pai ki te wai, he pai ake te whai hua ki te whakaiti i te taumahatanga mata o te wai, he kaha ake ngā pānga synergistic ina whakakotahihia ki ngā matū horoi monomeric, he pai te raima.-te kaha o te hopi ki te horapa, te kaha ake ki te whakaheke i te hinu-te taumahatanga ā-kanohi wai, te kaha whakarewa hinu kua whakarei ake, me te whakaiti i te riri o te kiri. Ko ngā matū horoi kiri Gemini he mea hou tino pai-momo hua. Ahakoa rā, ko te nui o ngā utu whakaputa e whakawhāiti ana i te ahumahi, ā, e rua noa iho ngā hua Gemini ahumahi e wātea ana i tēnei wā.

●Waikawa Polyepoxysuccinic (PESA), Waikawa Polyaspartic (PASP)

Ko te waikawa Polyepoxysuccinic (PESA) he matū whai hua o te ūkuikui-kore utu me te hauota-he aukati waikura me te unahi pirau matomato kore utu i whakawhanakehia tuatahitia e Betz Laboratories i te United States i te tīmatanga o te tekau tau atu i 1990. He tino pai te unahi a te PESA-e aukati ana i te mahi; i taua wā, he whākōkī-kore utu, hauota-kore utu, ā, ka pirau wawe. E pā ana ki ngā mea teitei-te kawakore me te teitei-katoa-rewa-ngā pūnaha wai totoka, ā, ka taea te whakamahi mō te maimoatanga wai kohua, te maimoatanga wai whakamatao, te maimoatanga paru, te tango tote i te wai moana, te wehenga kiriuhi me ētahi atu āhuatanga.

Tōna tauine-te aukati me te waikura-He tino pai ake ngā mahi aukati i ērā o te polyacrylate konutai, te waikawa polymaleic me te waikawa tartaric. Mā te whakamahi i ngā tukanga hanga ma, ka taea te whakahoro i te PESA e ngā moroiti, e ngā harore rānei kia kore ai e pāngia e te taiao.-ngā hua i muri i te whakamahinga, nō reira e kiia ana he"taiao-hoa"matū matomato. Kua noho hei wāhi rangahau me te whanaketanga mō ngā kaihoko maimoatanga wai i te kāinga me tāwāhi, ā, kua tere te whanaketanga o tēnei mara ki tāwāhi i ngā tau tata nei.

Ka whakapūhuitia te waikawa polyaspartic mai i te waikawa aspartic, te waikawa maleic rānei i raro i te mahi whakakorikori. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te maimoatanga wai mō te wai whakamatao, te wai kohua, te tango tote, te whakaora tango huka, te osmosis whakamuri me ētahi atu tukanga. Ina koa i roto i te hinu.-He wāhi keri puna i roto i te hanga hinu, he aukati i te konupūmā kāponāte, te pāriuma whanariki me te konupūmā whanariki. Kua akohia e ngā kairangahau o tāwāhi te hanganga, te hanganga me ngā āhuatanga o te waikawa polyaspartic, ā, kua kitea tōna whakamahinga ahumahi. He nui hoki ngā rangahau kua mahia ki Haina. He tino pai te pirau o te koiora me te tauine pai.-te aukati i te mahi, te polyaspartic-waikawa-Ko ngā kaihoko maimoatanga wai e hangai ana ki te wai e kiia ana he aukati tauine matomato tūturu.