Tlhophiso le Matlotlo a Li-surfactant tse Tala

Li-surfactantdi baka dikotsi tse kgolo mmeleng wa motho le tikolohong ya tikoloho nakong ya tlhahiso le tshebediso ya tsona. Ho eketsa tekanyo e itseng ya surfactant‑ditharollo tse thehilweng hodima sesepa di ka ntlafatsa ho qhibiliha ha tsona le tshebetso ya ho hlatswa. Leha ho le jwalo, ditharollo tsena di na le chefo ho isa bohōleng bo itseng mme di ka baka ho teneha ha letlalo ho totobetseng. Tshebediso e feteletseng ya di-surfactants le yona e tlisa dikotsi tse ka bang teng tikolohong ya tikoloho. Mohlala, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS) ha e na bokgoni ba ho bola ha dibopeho. Tshebediso ya yona e matla dihlahisweng e hlahisa foam e kgolo, e leng se lebisang ho foam e feteletseng diphaepheng tsa dikgwerekgwere tsa ditoropo le dinokeng. Di-surfactants tse nang le di-phosphates di baka eutrophication dinokeng le matsheng ha di sebediswa. Sulfur dioxide le sulfur trioxide tse hlahiswang nakong ya tlhahiso ya linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), hammoho le dioxin‑joalo ka lintho tse ka har'a joala ethoxylate sulfate (AES)‑dihlahiswa tsa mofuta ona, di hanela ho bola ha dimela mme di baka tshenyo e kgolo tikolohong.

Ho kopana le batho'bophelo bo botle bo ntseng bo hola‑Ka lebaka la litlhoko tsa tlhokomelo le ho netefatsa nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng ea tikoloho ea bophelo ba batho, ho bohlokoa ho nts'etsapele li-surfactants tse seng tsa bohlokoa.‑e chefo ebile ha e kotsi ho batho kamoo ho ka khonehang 'me ha e bake tšilafalo tikolohong ea tikoloho.

Tlhophiso le Matlotlo a Li-surfactant tse Tala

Li-surfactant tse tala li bolela li-surfactant tse sebetsitsoeng ho tsoa mehloling ea tlhaho kapa e nchafatsoang, tse nang le ho teneha ho fokolang ha batho le ho se bole hantle ha lintho tse phelang. Ho latela hore na lia arohana metsing, li-surfactant tse tala li ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse seng tsa‑Li-surfactant tse tala tsa ionic le li-surfactant tse tala tsa ionic. Li-surfactant tse tala tsa ionic li arotsoe ka lihlopha tsa cationic, anionic le amphoteric.‑mefuta ea ionic e ipapisitse le metsoako ea tsona e sebetsang ka mor'a ho qhibiliha.

Li-surfactant tse tala li sebetsoa ho tsoa mehloling ea tlhaho kapa e nchafatsoang, ka hona li na le thepa e ntle haholo joalo ka tšimoloho ea tlhaho, bonolo le ho hlohlona ho fokolang. Joalo ka li-surfactant tse tloaelehileng, li-surfactant tse tala li na le lihlopha tse ratang metsi le lihlopha tse ratang metsi. Ha li bapisoa le li-surfactant tsa setso, li-surfactant tse tala li fana ka boleng bo holimo.‑ho thibela ho sebetsa hantle, ho lumellana hantle le ho lumellana hantle le tikoloho, 'me ho bontša litšobotsi tse ntle tsa ho kopanya, ho hlatsoa, ​​ho qhibilihisa, ho kolobisa, ho qhibilihisa le ho tsitsisa.

Ho phaella moo, mofuta o mong le o mong oa surfactant e tala o na le thepa e ikhethang. Mohlala,αLetswai la ester la mafura a sulfo (MEC) le bontsha mosebetsi wa bokahodimo maemong a tlase le ho thatafala‑ho hanyetsa metsi; monoalkyl phosphate e na le ts'ebetso e ikhethang ea ho foamisa le ho kopanya, thepa ea ho thibela ho se fetohe le ho ba le kamano e ikhethang ea letlalo. Li-surfactants tse tloaelehileng tse tala li kenyelletsaαsulfo fatty acid methyl ester (MEC), alkyl polyglycoside (APG), glucose amide (APA), alcohol ether carboxylate (AEC), monoalkyl phosphate (MAP), le alkyl glucose amide (MECA).

Matlotlo, Litšebeliso le Boemo ba Hona Joale ba Mefuta e 'Mele ea Li-Surfactant tse Tala

Li-surfactant tse tala li khetholloa ka tlhaho, bonolo le ho hlohlona ho fokolang. Joalo ka li-surfactant tse tloaelehileng, li na le lihlopha tse ratang metsi le lihlopha tse ratang metsi. Ha li bapisoa le li-surfactant tsa setso, li-surfactant tse tala li na le boleng bo phahameng.‑ho thibela ho sebetsa hantle, ho lumellana ho hoholo le ho lumellana ho hotle ha tikoloho, hammoho le ts'ebetso e lakatsehang ea ho kopanya, ho hlatsoa, ​​ho qhibilihisa, ho kolobisa, ho qhibilihisa le ho tsitsisa.

●Li-polyglucoside tsa Alkyl(APG)

Alkyl polyglucoside (APG) ke sesebelisoa se secha sa ho thibela ho ruruha.‑moloko oa tikoloho‑setlolo se setala se mosa. Ha se‑ionic surfactant e hlahisitsoeng ka ho arabela tsoekere ho tsoa linthong tse tala tsa tlhaho kapa tse nchafatsoang joalo ka starch e nang le lino tse tahang tse mafura. E le buka e ncha e seng‑APG e na le bokgoni bo botle ba ho ntsha lefome, e na le ho teneha ho fokolang mmeleng wa batho mme e loketse ho bola. E hlahisa kgatello e tlase ya bokahodimo, setlolo se setle sa ho hlwekisa, foam e ruileng le e ntle, ho tsamaisana hantle, le ditlamorao tse totobetseng tsa tshebedisano mmoho le mefuta yohle ya di-surfactants. E boetse e na le bokgoni bo pharaletseng ba ho ntsha lefome.‑ts'ebetso ea antibacterial ea spectrum, e bonolo ho e fokotsa, ha e bontše ntlha ea leru kapa gelation, 'me e bonolo ho e sebelisa ka alkali e matla.‑khanyetso le letsoai‑mamello.

Lisebelisoa tse tala bakeng sa tlhahiso ea APG li nooa‑tekanyo ea tsoekere le joala bo mafura. Ka lebaka la hore ha e‑chefo le e seng chefo‑Likarolo tse halefisang, APG e sebetsa e le sebaka sa li-surfactants tse tloaelehileng 'me e na le menyetla e mengata ea ts'ebeliso. E sebelisoa haholo masimong a indasteri ho kenyeletsoa le li-intermediate tsa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, sesepa sa sesepa, litlolo, lijo, meriana, mollo.‑ntoa, masela, khatiso le ho daea, le peterole.

●Joala Ether Sulfate (AES)

Alcohol ether sulfate (AES) e fumanoa ka ho sulfating fatty alcohol ethoxylates, e hlahisoang ka karabelo ea ho eketsa pakeng tsa mafura a mangata a alcohol le ethylene oxide. Jwalo ka sehlopha sa bohlokoa sa anionic surfactants, AES e na le hardness e ntle haholo.‑ho hanyetsa metsi, ts'ebetso ea ho fofonela le ho ba tlase‑thepa ea mocheso. E bola ka potlako, e baka ho teneha hanyane ha letlalo, 'me e bontša ho lumellana hantle le li-enzyme. Tharollo ea eona e bonaletsa ebile e tsitsitse, 'me viscosity ea eona e ka fetoloa habonolo ke li-electrolyte. Ka hona, AES e sebelisoa haholo lisepeng tsa metsi, tse tlase‑phosphorus le phosphorus‑sesepa sa mahala, le lihlahisoa tsa tlhokomelo ea botho. Hape ke sesebelisoa se seholo sa anionic green surfactant Chaena. E ncha joalo‑Mefuta ya dihlahiswa e kenyeletsa Guerbet alcohol sulfate (GAS), Guerbet alcohol phosphate (GAP), Guerbet alcohol ethoxylate sulfate (GAES) le Guerbet alcohol ethoxylate phosphate (GAEP).

●Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES)

MES ke e ncha‑moloko oa surfactant e tala. Lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele ea eona li nka lilemo tse mashome a mahlano. Ka mashome a lilemo, hoo e ka bang tsohle li lokile‑Likhamphani tse tsebahalang tsa sesepa li entse boiteko bo boholo ho MES 'me li ananetse haholo ts'ebetso ea eona e phahameng. E tsoa linthong tse tala tsa tlhaho le tse nchafatsoang, MES ke tikoloho‑Sehlahisoa se setala se mosa se nang le bokhoni bo botle ba ho bola. MES e bonolo, 'me ho teneha le chefo ea eona ho batho ho tlase ho feta tsa linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), tse tšoanang le AS le AES. Ha e na chefo ea molomo 'me ha e na chefo.‑chefo ho diphedi tsa metsing. E fana ka tshebetso e ntle ya ho hlatswa ka metsing a batang le a thata, mme dihlahiswa tsa yona di feta tsa LAS le AS, ka melemo e hlahelletseng ka ho fetisisa ka metsing a thata.—bofokoli bo boholo ba LAS. E na le phosphorus e betere‑thepa e lokolohileng ho feta LAS. LAS e na le phokotseho e kholo ea detergent ha ho se na alkali le sodium tripolyphosphate, ha MES e na le tahlehelo e nyane ea ts'ebetso. Kahoo MES e loketse haholo tlhahiso ea phosphorus.‑mahala / tlase‑tikoloho ea phosphorus‑disepa tse mosa. Ho sa tsotellehe melemo ena yohle, tlhahiso ya yona ya selemo le selemo e se e le kgale e le 20 000 lithane. Kholiso ea eona ea khoebo e thibetsoe haholo-holo ke mathata a tlhahiso le a ho e etsa: 'mala o tebileng, ho hydrolysis habonolo hore e se ke ea sebetsa hantle.‑Letswai la disodium le hlwekileng nakong ya ho soeufala, botsitso bo fokolang ba mocheso tlasa maemo a metsi a alkaline, le mathata a ho etsa motsoako.

●Li-surfactants tsa Gemini tse ka senyehang

Li-surfactants tsa Gemini li na le meaho e ikhethang ea limolek'hule. Limolek'hule tsa monomeric surfactant ka kakaretso li na le ketane e le 'ngoe ea hydrophobic le sehlopha se le seng sa hydrophilic. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, limolek'hule tsa Gemini surfactant hangata li entsoe ka liketane tse peli (kapa tse tharo) tsa hydrophobic, lihlopha tse peli tsa hydrophilic le sehlopha se le seng sa spacer haufi le libaka tsa hydrophilic. Sehlopha sa spacer e ka ba sa hydrophilic kapa sa hydrophobic. Ha li bapisoa le li-surfactants tsa monomeric, li-surfactants tsa Gemini li na le thepa e mengata e ikhethang: ts'ebetso e phahameng ea bokaholimo, ntlha e tlase ea Krafft le ho qhibiliha ho hotle ha metsi, katleho e phahameng ea ho fokotsa tsitsipano ea bokaholimo ba metsi, litlamorao tse matla tsa tšebelisano-'moho ha li kopantsoe le li-surfactants tsa monomeric, lime e ntle‑bokgoni ba ho qhalanya sesepa, bokgoni bo matla ba ho fokotsa oli‑tsitsipano ea sefahleho sa metsi, bokhoni bo eketsehileng ba ho qhibiliha ha oli, le ho fokotsa ho teneha ha letlalo. Li-surfactants tsa Gemini li emela tse ncha tse ikhethang.‑lihlahisoa tsa mofuta. Leha ho le jwalo, ditjeo tse phahameng tsa tlhahiso di fokotsa kgolo ya diindasteri, mme ke dihlahiswa tse pedi feela tsa Gemini tse nang le diindasteri tse fumanehang ho fihlela jwale.

●Asiti ea Polyepoxysuccinic (PESA), Asiti ea Polyaspartic (PASP)

Asiti ea Polyepoxysuccinic (PESA) ke phosphorus e nang le phosphorus.‑mahala le naetrojene‑sebolaya-mafome se setala se se nang mafome le sethibela-mafome se qadileng ho ntshetswa pele ke Betz Laboratories United States mathoasong a bo-1990. PESA e bontsha sekala se setle haholo‑e thibela ts'ebetso; ha ho le jwalo, ke phosphorus‑mahala, naetrojene‑e lokolohile ebile e ka bola habonolo. E sebetsa ho tse phahameng‑alkalinity le ho phahama ha‑kakaretso‑qhibiliha‑litsamaiso tsa metsi a tiileng, 'me li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa kalafo ea metsi a boiler, kalafo ea metsi a pholileng, kalafo ea likhoerekhoere, ho ntša letsoai metsing a leoatle, karohano ea lera le maemo a mang.

Sekala sa eona‑ho thibela le ho bola‑Litšebetso tse thibelang li phahametse ka ho hlaka tsa sodium polyacrylate, polymaleic acid le tartaric acid. Ka mekhoa e hloekileng ea tlhahiso, PESA e ka senyeha ka katleho le ka botsitso ke likokoana-hloko kapa li-fungus hore e se ke ea e-ba kotsi tikolohong.‑lihlahisoa kamora ho sebelisoa, kahoo e nkoa e le“tikoloho‑botsoalle""k'hemik'hale e tala. E fetohile sebaka se seholo sa lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa kalafo ea metsi lapeng le kantle ho naha, 'me nts'etsopele ea mose ho maoatle lefapheng lena e hatetse pele ka potlako lilemong tsa morao tjena.

Asiti ea polyaspartic e polimetsoa ho tsoa ho asiti ea aspartic kapa asiti ea maleic tlas'a ts'ebetso ea catalyst. E sebelisoa haholo kalafong ea metsi bakeng sa metsi a pholileng, metsi a boiler, ho tlosa letsoai letsoai, ho hlaphoheloa ha tsoekere, reverse osmosis le lits'ebetso tse ling. Haholo-holo oli.‑Meaho ea ho cheka liliba tlhahisong ea peterole, e sebetsa e le thibelo ea pula ea calcium carbonate, barium sulfate le calcium sulfate. Bafuputsi ba kantle ho naha ba ithutile tlhahiso, sebopeho le thepa ea polyaspartic acid 'me ba hlokometse ts'ebeliso ea eona ea indasteri. Lipatlisiso tse pharaletseng le tsona li entsoe Chaena. Ka ho bola ha biogradability ho babatsehang le tekanyo e ntle‑ho thibela ts'ebetso, polyaspartic‑asiti‑Lisebelisoa tsa kalafo ea metsi tse thehiloeng holim'a tsona li nkoa e le lithibela-mafu tsa 'nete tsa sekala se setala.