Kurongeka uye Hunhu hweGreen Surfactants

Zvinoshandisa ma surfactantszvinokonzera njodzi huru kumuviri wemunhu nenharaunda panguva yekugadzirwa nekushandiswa kwazvo. Kuwedzera huwandu hwakati hwesurfactant-Zvinonyungudutsa zvinoshandiswa muzvinwiwa zvinosanganisa sipo zvinogona kuvandudza kunyunguduka kwadzo uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekugeza. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinonyungudutsa izvi zvine chepfu uye zvinogona kukonzera kushatirwa kweganda. Kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwezvinonyungudutsa kunounzawo njodzi kunharaunda dzezvakatipoteredza. Semuenzaniso, sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate (ABS) haina kuora zvakanaka. Kushandiswa kwayo zvakanyanya muzvinwiwa zvinonyungudutsa furo guru, zvichikonzera furo rakawandisa munzizi dzemumaguta. Zvinonyungudutsa zvine phosphates zvinokonzera eutrophication munzizi nemadziva kana zvichishandiswa. Sulfur dioxide ne sulfur trioxide zvinogadzirwa panguva yekugadzira linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), pamwe ne dioxin-zvinhu zvakaita se ethoxylate sulfate (AES) mudoro-mhando yezvigadzirwa, zvinotsungirira kuora kwezvipenyu uye zvinokuvadza nharaunda zvakanyanya.

Kusangana nevanhu'hutano huri kukura-zvinodiwa zvekutarisira uye zvinovimbisa budiriro inoenderera mberi yenzvimbo yekugara kwevanhu, zvakakosha kugadzira ma surfactants asina kunaka.-zvine chepfu uye hazvikuvadzi vanhu sezvinobvira uye hazvikonzere kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.

Kurongeka uye Hunhu hweGreen Surfactants

Ma-surfactant egirini anoreva ma-surfactant anogadzirwa kubva muzvinhu zvakasikwa kana kuti zvinogona kushandiswazve, ane hasha shoma kuvanhu uye anogona kuora. Zvichienderana nekuti anopatsanurwa mumvura here, ma-surfactant egirini anogona kukamurwa kuita asiri-ma surfactants egirini eionic uye ma surfactants egirini eionic. Ma surfactants egirini eIonic anoiswa muzvikamu zviviri: cationic, anionic uye amphoteric.-mhando dzeionic zvichibva pazvinhu zvinoshanda mushure mekunyungudika.

Ma-surfactant egirini anogadzirwa kubva muzvinhu zvakasikwa kana kuti zvinogona kushandiswazve, uye nokudaro ane hunhu hwakanaka hwakadai sehwechisikigo, hunyoro uye kusatsva. Kufanana nema-surfactant echinyakare, ma-surfactant egirini ane mapoka anonyungudika mumvura uye mapoka anonyungudika mumvura. Kana zvichienzaniswa nema-surfactant echinyakare, ma-surfactant egirini anopa huwandu hwakanyanya hwemafuta.-Kuchengetedza kushanda zvakanaka, kuenderana zvakanaka uye kuenderana zvakanaka kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kuratidza hunhu hwakanaka hwekusanganisa, kugeza, kunyungudutsa, kunyorovesa, kunyungudutsa uye kudzikamisa.

Pamusoro pezvo, mhando yega yega ye green surfactant ine hunhu hwakasiyana. Semuenzaniso,α‑sulfo fatty acid ester salt (MEC) inoratidza kushanda kwepamusoro pahuwandu hwakaderera uye kuomarara-Kudzivirira mvura; monoalkyl phosphate ine simba rakanaka rekuita furo uye emulsifying, ine simba rekudzivirira static uye ine ganda rakasiyana. Zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira ma surfactants akajairika zvinosanganisiraα‑sulfo fatty acid methyl ester (MEC), alkyl polyglycoside (APG), glucose amide (APA), alcohol ether carboxylate (AEC), monoalkyl phosphate (MAP), uye alkyl glucose amide (MECA).

Zvivakwa, Mashandisirwo uye Mamiriro Azvino Emhando Dzakasiyana dzeGreen Surfactants

Ma-surfactant egirini anozivikanwa nekwaanobva, kupfava uye kusatsva. Kufanana nema-surfactant echinyakare, ane mapoka e-hydrophilic uye mapoka e-hydrophobic. Kana tichienzanisa nema-surfactant echinyakare, ma-surfactant egirini ane huwandu hwakanyanya hwema "high".-kuchengetedza kushanda zvakanaka, kuenderana kwakanaka uye kuenderana kwakanaka kwezvakatipoteredza, pamwe nekuita kuti makemikari asanganiswe, kusukwa, kunyungudika, kunyorovesa, kunyungudika uye kugadzikana.

●Alkyl Polyglucosides(APG)

Alkyl polyglucoside (APG) chinhu chitsva-chizvarwa chezvakatipoteredza-mushonga wegirini une hushamwari. Hazvina kunaka-ionic surfactant inogadzirwa nekuita glucose kubva muzvinhu zvakasikwa kana zvinodzokororwazve zvakaita sestarch ine mafuta alcohols. Sechinhu chitsva chisiri-Ionic surfactant, APG ine kugona kukuru kwekubudisa furo, kusatsamwisa muviri wemunhu uye kugona kuora kwemuviri. Inoratidza kushushikana kushoma, detergent yakanaka, furo rakapfuma uye rakatsetseka, inoenderana zvakasimba, uye inoshanda pamwe chete nemhando dzese dzema surfactants. Inewo zvakawanda.-basa rekurwisa mabhakitiriya rakasiyana-siyana, riri nyore kudiridza, hariratidzi nzvimbo yegore kana gelation, uye zviri nyore kushandisa nealkali yakasimba-kuramba uye munyu-kushivirira.

Zvinhu zvekugadzira APG zvinonwiwa nemuromo-shuga yepamusoro uye alcohols dzine mafuta akawanda. Nekuda kwekuti haisi-chepfu uye kwete-Zvine hunhu hunotsamwisa, APG inoshanda senzira yekubvisa ma surfactants akajairwa uye ine mikana yakawanda yekushandiswa. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri anosanganisira mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene, sipo, zvizoro, chikafu, mishonga yemishonga, moto.-kurwa, machira, kudhinda nekudhaya, uye peturu.

●Doro Ether Sulfate (AES)

Alcohol ether sulfate (AES) inowanikwa ne sulfating fatty alcohol ethoxylates, iyo inogadzirwa kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwemaitiro pakati pemafuta akawanda alcohols ne ethylene oxide. Seboka rakakosha re anionic surfactants, AES ine simba rakanaka kwazvo.-kuramba mvura, kushanda kwefuro uye kuderera-hunhu hwekupisa. Inoora nekukurumidza, inokonzera kutsamwa kudiki kweganda, uye inoratidza kushanda zvakanaka nema enzymes. Mhinduro yayo yakajeka uye yakagadzikana, uye viscosity yayo inogona kugadziriswa zviri nyore nema electrolytes. Nokudaro, AES inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu sipo dzemvura, shoma-phosphorus nephosphorus-sipo dzemahara, uye zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza muviri. Ndiyo zvakare anionic green surfactant inonyanya kushandiswa muChina. Itsva yakadaro-Zvigadzirwa zvemhando iyi zvinosanganisira Guerbet alcohol sulfate (GAS), Guerbet alcohol phosphate (GAP), Guerbet alcohol ethoxylate sulfate (GAES) uye Guerbet alcohol ethoxylate phosphate (GAEP).

●Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES)

MES ibasa idzva-chigadzirwa chegirini chekugadzira surfactant. Tsvagiridzo nekuvandudzwa kwayo zvinotora makore makumi mashanu. Kwemakumi emakore, zvese zvakanaka.-Makambani anozivikanwa ekugadzira sipo akashanda nesimba guru kuMES uye akacherechedza zvikuru mashandiro ayo epamusoro. Yakabva pazvinhu zvakasikwa uye zvinogona kushandiswazve, MES inzvimbo inochengetedza nharaunda.-chigadzirwa chegirini chine hushamwari uye chinogona kuora. MES haina kusimba, uye kushatirwa kwayo uye chepfu kuvanhu zvakaderera pane zve linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), zvakafanana neAS neAES. Haina chepfu yemuromo uye haina chepfu yemuromo.-ine chepfu kuzvisikwa zvemumvura. Inosuka zvakanaka mumvura inotonhora neyakaoma, uye mvura inochenesa inodarika LAS neAS, ine mabhenefiti akakosha mumvura yakaoma.—kusasimba kukuru kweLAS. ​​Ine phosphorus iri nani-ine hunhu hwayo hwakasiyana neLAS. ​​LAS inodzikira zvakanyanya mukusashanda kwemvura kana pasina alkali nesodium tripolyphosphate, nepo MES isinganyanyi kurasikirwa nekushanda kwayo. Saka MES inonyanya kukodzera kugadzira phosphorus.-mahara / pasi-phosphorus ecosystem-sipo dzakanaka. Pasinei nezvose zvakanaka izvi, kugadzirwa kwayo kwegore negore kwagara kuri pamusoro pe20 000 matani. Kushambadzirwa kwayo kunonyanya kudziviswa nematambudziko ekugadzira uye kugadzira: ruvara rwakadzika, nyore nyore hydrolysis kuita zvisina kunaka-munyu we disodium unogadzirwa ne detergent panguva yekucheneswa, kusagadzikana kwekupisa kana mvura ine alkaline, uye kuoma kwekugadzira.

●Zvishandiso zveGemini Zvinoora

Ma-surfactant eGemini ane maumbirwo akakosha emamorekuru. Mamorekuru e-surfactant eMonomeric anowanzo kuve neketani imwe chete ye-hydrophobic uye boka rimwe re-hydrophilic. Kusiyana neizvi, mamorekuru e-surfactant eGemini anowanzo kuve nemaketani maviri (kana matatu) e-hydrophobic, mapoka maviri e-hydrophilic uye boka rimwe re-spacer riri pedyo nenzvimbo dze-hydrophilic. Boka re-spacer rinogona kunge riri re-hydrophilic kana re-hydrophobic. Zvichienzaniswa ne-monomeric surfactants, ma-surfactant eGemini ane hunhu hwakawanda hwakanaka: kushanda kwepamusoro, nzvimbo yakaderera yeKrafft uye kunyungudika kwemvura kwakanaka, kushanda kwakanyanya mukuderedza kushushikana kwemvura pamusoro, mhedzisiro yakasimba yekubatana kana ikabatanidzwa ne-monomeric surfactants, lime yakanaka.-kugona kuparadzira sipo, kugona kwakasimba kuderedza mafuta-kusimba kwemvura, kugona kunyungudutsa mafuta, uye kuderedza kutsva kweganda. Gemini surfactants imhando itsva inoshamisa.-Zvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro. Kunyange zvakadaro, mitengo yepamusoro yekugadzira inoderedza kukura kwemaindasitiri, uye zvigadzirwa zviviri zveGemini zvemaindasitiri zviripo kusvika pari zvino.

●Polyepoxysuccinic Acid (PESA), Polyaspartic Acid (PASP)

Polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA) iphosphorus inowanikwa mumasero emuviri-mahara uye nitrogen-mushonga wegirini unoora uye unodzivirira makwara wakasununguka wakagadzirwa neBetz Laboratories muUnited States kutanga kwema1990. PESA inoratidza kukura kwakanaka kwazvo-zvinodzivisa kushanda zvakanaka; panguva iyoyo, iphosphorus-mahara, nitrogen-isina chinhu uye inoora nyore nyore. Inoshanda kune yakakwirira-alkalinity uye yakakwira-huwandu hwese-yakanyungudutswa-masisitimu emvura yakasimba, uye anogona kushandiswa pakurapa mvura yebhoyila, kurapa mvura inotonhodza, kurapa tsvina, kubvisa munyu mumvura yegungwa, kupatsanurwa kwemembrane nezvimwe zviitiko.

Chiyero chayo-kudzivirira uye ngura-Kushanda kwekudzivirira kwakakwirira kupfuura kwe sodium polyacrylate, polymaleic acid uye tartaric acid. PESA ine maitiro ekugadzira akachena, inogona kukanganiswa zvakanaka uye zvakadzikama netupukanana kana fungus kuita kuti pave nemhedzisiro isingakuvadzi zvakatipoteredza.-zvigadzirwa mushure mekushandisa, saka zvinoonekwa se"nharaunda-hushamwari""kemikari yakasvibira. Yave nzvimbo inonyanya kufarirwa pakutsvaga nekuvandudza mishonga yekuchenesa mvura kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, uye budiriro yekune dzimwe nyika munyaya iyi yafambira mberi nekukurumidza mumakore achangopfuura.

Polyaspartic acid inogadziriswa kubva ku aspartic acid kana maleic acid pasi pe catalyst action. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa mvura inotonhodza, mvura ye boiler, kubvisa munyu, kubvisa shuga, reverse osmosis nedzimwe nzira. Kunyanya mumafuta.-Nzvimbo dzekuchera matsime mukugadzirwa kwepetroleum, inoshanda semudziviriri we calcium carbonate, barium sulfate uye calcium sulfate precipitation. Vaongorori vekune dzimwe nyika vakadzidza kugadzirwa, chimiro uye hunhu hwe polyaspartic acid uye vakaona kushandiswa kwayo mumaindasitiri. Tsvagiridzo yakakura yakaitwawo muChina. Nekuora kwehupenyu kwakanaka uye chiyero chakanaka.-kudzikamisa kushanda, polyaspartic-asidhi-Mishonga yekurapa mvura inoonekwa seyechokwadi inodzivirira girini.