Aminin AliphaticAna nufin babban rukuni na mahaɗan amine na halitta tare da tsawon sarkar carbon wanda ya kama daga C8 zuwa C22. Kamar amines na yau da kullun, an raba su zuwa rukuni huɗu: amines na farko, amines na biyu, amines na uku da polyamines. Ana rarraba amines na farko, na biyu da na uku bisa ga adadin atom ɗin hydrogen a cikin ammonia wanda ƙungiyoyin alkyl suka maye gurbinsu.
Amines na Aliphatic sun samo asali ne daga ammonia. Amines na gajerun sarƙoƙi na aliphatic tare da sarƙoƙin carbon na C8-C10 suna da ɗan narkewa a cikin ruwa, yayin da amines na aliphatic masu dogon sarƙoƙi gabaɗaya ba sa narkewa a cikin ruwa. Suna wanzuwa a cikin ruwa ko yanayi mai ƙarfi a zafin ɗaki kuma suna da alkaline. A matsayin tushen halitta, suna iya fusata da lalata fata da membranes na mucous.
Ana samar da su ne ta hanyar waɗannan halayen: fatty alcohols suna amsawa da dimethylamine don samar da monoalkyldimethyl tertiary amines; fatty alcohols suna amsawa da monomethylamine don samar da dialkylmonomethyl tertiary amines; fatty alcohols suna amsawa da ammonia don samar da trialkyl tertiary amines.
Da farko, fatty acids suna amsawa da ammonia don samar da fatty nitriles, kuma fatty nitriles suna fuskantar hydrogenation don samar da fatty amines na farko ko na biyu. Ana amfani da primary ko na secondary amines don samar da tertiary amines. Primary amines na iya samar da diamines ta hanyar cyanoethylation sannan a biyo baya da hydrogenation; diamines na iya ƙara samar da triamines ta hanyar cyanoethylation da hydrogenation, kuma triamines za a iya canza su zuwa tetraamines ta hanyar maimaita cyanoethylation da hydrogenation.
Aikace-aikace Kai Tsaye
Manyan aminesana iya amfani da shi azaman hana lalata, man shafawa, wakilan saki, ƙarin mai, ƙarin sarrafa launi, masu kauri, wakilan jika, masu hana ƙura don takin sinadarai, ƙarin man injin, masu hana caking don takin sinadarai, masu samar da fim, masu flotation, man shafawa na gear, masu hana ruwa, ƙarin ruwa, emulsions na kakin zuma da sauran kayayyaki.
Amines masu cike da sinadarin carbon kamar octadecylamine suna aiki a matsayin abubuwan da ke fitar da iskar gas ga kumfa mai tauri da polyurethane. Ana amfani da Dodecylamine wajen sake farfaɗo da robar halitta da ta roba, a matsayin surfactants a cikin maganin plating tin mara lantarki, da kuma samar da abubuwan da suka samo asali daga malt ta hanyar rage yawan isomaltose. Ana amfani da Oleylamine a matsayin ƙari ga man dizal.
Samar daMasu binciken Cationic
Amines na farko da gishirinsu suna aiki a matsayin ingantattun masu amfani da ma'adinai, masu hana caking don takin sinadarai ko abubuwan fashewa, masu hana ruwa shiga takarda, masu hana tsatsa, ƙarin mai, ƙwayoyin cuta ga masana'antar mai, ƙarin mai da mai, masu tsaftacewa na lantarki, masu fitar da ruwa, kayan da aka samar don samar da yumbu na organometallic, ƙarin kayan sarrafa launi, sinadarai masu tace ruwa da masu samar da fim. Ana iya amfani da amines na farko don haɗa emulsifiers na gishirin ammonium na quaternary, waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai a cikin shimfida da kula da manyan hanyoyi. Waɗannan emulsifiers suna rage ƙarfin aiki yayin gini da kulawa kuma suna taimakawa wajen tsawaita rayuwar saman hanya.
Samar daMasu Surfactants na Nonionic
Ana amfani da hanyoyin da aka samar ta hanyar amsawar aliphatic primary amines tare da ethylene oxide a matsayin magungunan hana kumburi a masana'antar robobi. Amines masu hana kumburi ba sa narkewa a cikin robobi kuma don haka suna ƙaura zuwa saman filastik na ɗan lokaci. Da zarar sun isa saman, amines masu hana kumburi suna shan danshi gaba ɗaya daga sararin samaniya, wanda hakan ke sa saman filastik ya zama antistatic.
Samar daMasu Surfactants na Amphoteric
Dodecylamine yana amsawa da methyl acrylate, sannan sai saponification da neutralization su samar da N-dodecyl-β-alanine. Irin waɗannan abubuwan surfactants suna da waɗannan halaye: ruwan da suke sha yana da ruwa mai haske ko kuma ba shi da launi, yana narkewa a cikin ruwa ko ethanol, yana iya lalacewa cikin sauƙi, yana jure wa ruwa mai tauri, yana da ƙarancin ƙaiƙayi a fata kuma yana da ƙarancin guba. Amfani da su ya haɗa da sinadaran kumfa, masu fitar da iskar shaka, masu hana tsatsa, sabulun wanka na ruwa, shamfu, masu sanyaya gashi, masu laushi, masu hana tsatsa da sauransu.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-16-2026