Aliphatic amineszvinoreva boka guru remakemikari e-organic amine ane hurefu hwekabhoni kubva paC8 kusvika kuC22. Kufanana nemaamine akajairika, akakamurwa muzvikamu zvina: maamine ekutanga, maamine echipiri, maamine echitatu uye mapolyamine. Maamine ekutanga, echipiri uye echitatu anorongwa zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemaatomu ehydrogen muammonia anotsiviwa nemapoka ealkyl.
Aliphatic amines imhando ye organic derivatives yeammonia. Short-chain aliphatic amines ine C8-C10 carbon chains ine imwe nzira yekunyunguduka mumvura, nepo long-chain aliphatic amines isinganyunguduke mumvura. Inowanikwa mumvura kana kuti yakasimba patembiricha yemumba uye ine alkaline. Se organic bases, inogona kutsamwisa nekuparadza ganda ne mucous membranes.
Zvinonyanya kugadzirwa kuburikidza nekuita zvinotevera: mafuta alcohols anopindirana ne dimethylamine kugadzira monoalkyldimethyl tertiary amines; mafuta alcohols anopindirana ne monomethylamine kugadzira dialkylmonomethyl tertiary amines; mafuta alcohols anopindirana ne ammonia kugadzira trialkyl tertiary amines.
Chekutanga, mafuta acids anobatana neammonia kuti agadzire mafuta ane nitriles, uye mafuta ane nitriles anogadzirwa nehydrogenation kuti agadzire mafuta ekutanga kana echipiri amines. Ma primary kana secondary amines anoiswa muhydro-methylation kuti abudise ma tertiary amines. Ma primary amines anogona kugadzira diamines kuburikidza ne cyanoethylation inoteverwa ne hydrogenation; diamines dzinogona kugadzira triamines kuburikidza ne cyanoethylation ne hydrogenation, uye triamines dzinogona kushandurwa kuita tetraamines kuburikidza ne cyanoethylation ne hydrogenation inodzokororwa.
Zvikumbiro Zvakananga
MaAmine ekutangainogona kushandiswa sezvinhu zvinodzivisa ngura, mafuta ekuzora, zvinhu zvinosunungura, zvinhu zvinowedzerwa mumafuta, zvinhu zvinogadzirisa pigment, zvinosimbisa, zvinhu zvinonyorovesa, zvinhu zvinodzivirira guruva remafetereza emakemikari, zvinhu zvinowedzerwa mumafuta einjini, zvinhu zvinodzivirira kuchekwa kwefetereza dzemakemikari, zvinhu zvinogadzira mafirimu, zvinhu zvinofambisa mvura, zvinhu zvinodzima magiya, zvinodzinga mvura, zvinhu zvinodzivirira mvura, zvinhu zvinosanganisa wax nezvimwe zvigadzirwa.
Mamine makuru ane kabhoni yakawanda akadai seoctadecylamine anoshanda sezvinhu zvinoburitsa rabha rakaoma uye polyurethane furo. Dodecylamine inoshandiswa mukuvandudza rabha dzechisikigo uye dzekugadzira, sema surfactants mu electroless tin plating solutions, uye mukugadzira malt derivatives kuburikidza ne reductive amination ye isomaltose. Oleylamine inoshandiswa sekuwedzera kune mafuta edhiziri.
Kugadzirwa kweZvishandiso zveCationic
MaAmine ekutanga nemunyu wawo zvinoshanda sezvinhu zvinogadzira zvicherwa zvinobudirira, zvinhu zvinodzivirira kuchekwa kwefetereza yemakemikari kana zvinoputika, zvinhu zvinodzivirira mvura kubva pamapepa, zvinodzivirira ngura, zvinhu zvinowedzerwa mumafuta, mishonga inouraya zvipembenene muindasitiri yepeturu, zvinhu zvinowedzerwa mumafuta nepeturu, zvinhu zvinochenesa zvemagetsi, zvinhu zvinosanganisa ngura, zvinhu zvekugadzira ivhu re organometallic, zvinhu zvinowedzerwa mukugadzira pigment, makemikari ekurapa mvura uye zvinhu zvinogadzira mafirimu. MaAmine ekutanga anogona kushandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zvinosanganisa quaternary ammonium salt asphalt emulsifiers, izvo zvinonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira nekuchengetedza migwagwa yepamusoro. Izvi zvinoderedza simba rekushanda panguva yekuvaka nekugadzirisa uye zvinobatsira kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa renzvimbo dzemigwagwa.
Kugadzirwa kweZvisiri zveionic surfactants
Madhiragi anoumbwa nekuita kwe aliphatic primary amines ne ethylene oxide anonyanya kushandiswa se antistatic agents muindasitiri yepurasitiki. Ethoxylated amines haanyungudike mumapurasitiki saka anotamira kunzvimbo dzepurasitiki dzisina kukwana. Kana dzasvika pamusoro, ethoxylated amines dzinotora hunyoro kubva mumhepo zvizere, zvichiita kuti pamusoro pepurasitiki pave antistatic.
Kugadzirwa kweMishonga yeAmphoteric Surfactants
Dodecylamine inopindirana nemethyl acrylate, yoteverwa nesaponification uye neutralization kuti ibudise N-dodecyl-β-alanine. Ma surfactants erudzi urwu ane hunhu hunotevera: mvura yavo ine mvura inopenya isina ruvara kana kuti isina ruvara, inonyungudika mumvura kana ethanol, inoora nyore nyore, inodzivirira mvura yakaoma, haina kushatirwa neganda uye haina chepfu. Mashandisirwo ayo anosanganisira zvinhu zvinofuridza furo, zvinosanganisa ganda, zvinodzivisa ngura, sipo dzemvura, shampoo, zvinogadzirisa bvudzi, zvinopfavisa, zvinodzivirira static agents nezvimwewo.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-16-2026