Ama-amine e-aliphaticbhekisela ekilasini elikhulu lama-amine aphilayo anobude be-carbon chain kusukela ku-C8 kuya ku-C22. Njengama-amine avamile, ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezine: ama-amine ayinhloko, ama-amine angesibili, ama-amine angesithathu kanye nama-polyamine. Ama-amine ayinhloko, angesibili kanye nama-tertiary ahlukaniswa ngokwenani lama-athomu e-hydrogen ku-ammonia athathelwa indawo amaqembu e-alkyl.
Ama-amine e-aliphatic ayizinto eziphilayo ezivela ku-ammonia. Ama-amine e-aliphatic ane-short-chain ane-C8-C10 carbon chain anokuncibilika okuthile emanzini, kuyilapho ama-amine e-aliphatic ane-long-chain ngokuvamile engancibiliki emanzini. Akhona ezimweni zoketshezi noma eziqinile ekushiseni kwegumbi futhi angama-alkaline. Njengezisekelo eziphilayo, angacasula futhi agqwale isikhumba kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila.
Zikhiqizwa kakhulu ngokulandelayo: ama-fatty alcohols asabela ne-dimethylamine ukuze akhiqize ama-monoalkyldimethyl tertiary amines; ama-fatty alcohols asabela ne-monomethylamine ukuze akhiqize ama-dialkylmonomethyl tertiary amines; ama-fatty alcohols asabela ne-ammonia ukuze akhe ama-trialkyl tertiary amines.
Okokuqala, ama-fatty acid asabela ne-ammonia ukuze akhiqize ama-fatty nitriles, kanti ama-fatty nitriles afakwa i-hydrogenation ukuze akhe ama-fatty primary noma ama-secondary amines. Ama-primary noma ama-secondary afakwa i-hydro-methylation ukuze akhiqize ama-tertiary amines. Ama-primary amines angakha ama-diamines nge-cyanoethylation elandelwa yi-hydrogenation; ama-diamines angakhiqiza ama-triamines ngokwengeziwe nge-cyanoethylation kanye ne-hydrogenation, kanti ama-triamines angaguqulwa abe ama-tetraamines nge-cyanoethylation kanye ne-hydrogenation ephindaphindwayo.
Izicelo Eziqondile
Ama-amine ayinhlokoingasetshenziswa njengezithibi zokugqwala, izinto zokugcoba, izinto zokukhulula, izithasiselo zamafutha, izithasiselo zokucubungula umbala, izinto zokuthambisa, izinto zokumanzisa, izinto zokuvimbela uthuli kumanyolo wamakhemikhali, izithasiselo zamafutha enjini, izinto zokuvimbela ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kumanyolo wamakhemikhali, izinto zokwakha ifilimu, izinto zokufaka i-flotation, izinto zokugcoba zegiya, izinto zokulahla amanzi, izithasiselo ezingangeni manzi, izinto zokufaka i-wax emulsions neminye imikhiqizo.
Ama-amine ayinhloko anekhabhoni ephezulu agcwele njenge-octadecylamine asebenza njengezinto zokukhulula amagwebu enjoloba eqinile kanye ne-polyurethane. I-Dodecylamine isetshenziswa ekuvuseleleni kabusha ama-raber emvelo nawokwenziwa, njengezinto ezibangela ukwakheka kwe-surfactant ezixazululweni ze-electroless tin plating, kanye nokukhiqiza izinto eziphuma ku-malt ngokusebenzisa i-reductive amination ye-isomaltose. I-Oleylamine isetshenziswa njengesithasiselo samafutha edizili.
Ukukhiqizwa kweAma-Surfactants e-Cationic
Ama-amine ayinhloko kanye nosawoti wawo asebenza njengezinto ezisebenza kahle zokuntanta amaminerali, izinto ezilwa nokubopha umanyolo wamakhemikhali noma iziqhumane, izinto ezivimbela ukungenwa kwamanzi ephepheni, izinto ezivimbela ukugqwala, izithasiselo zokugcoba, izinto ezibulala amagciwane embonini kaphethiloli, izithasiselo zikaphethiloli kanye nophethiloli, izinto zokuhlanza ze-elekthronikhi, izinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza ubumba lwe-organometallic, izithasiselo zokucubungula umbala, amakhemikhali okwelapha amanzi kanye nezinto ezenza ifilimu. Ama-amine ayinhloko angasetshenziswa ukuhlanganisa ama-emulsifier e-asphalt kasawoti we-ammonium we-quaternary, asetshenziswa kabanzi ekugayweni nasekugcinweni kwemigwaqo emikhulu esezingeni eliphezulu. Lawa ma-emulsifier anciphisa ukuqina komsebenzi ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa nokulungiswa futhi asiza ekwandiseni impilo yenkonzo yezindawo zomgwaqo.
Ukukhiqizwa kweAma-Surfactants Angewona ama-ionic
Ama-Adducts akhiwe ukusabela kwama-amine ayinhloko e-aliphatic nge-ethylene oxide asetshenziswa kakhulu njengezinto ezilwa nokungaguquguquki embonini yepulasitiki. Ama-amine e-ethoxylated awancibiliki kumapulasitiki ngakho-ke aya ezindaweni zepulasitiki ezingaphelele. Uma esefike endaweni, ama-amine e-ethoxylated amunca ngokuphelele umswakama ovela emkhathini, okwenza indawo yepulasitiki ibe yi-antistatic.
Ukukhiqizwa kweAma-surfactants e-Amphoteric
I-Dodecylamine isabela ne-methyl acrylate, kulandelwe yi-saponification kanye ne-neutralization ukuze ikhiqize i-N-dodecyl-β-alanine. Ama-surfactants alolu hlobo anezakhiwo ezilandelayo: izixazululo zawo zamanzi ziyizinto ezikhanyayo noma ezingenambala, ezincibilikayo emanzini noma e-ethanol, ezibola kalula, ezimelana namanzi aqinile, ezicasulayo isikhumba futhi ezinobuthi obuphansi. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo kufaka phakathi izinto ezikhipha amagwebu, ama-emulsifier, izithibi zokugqwala, insipho yoketshezi, ama-shampoo, izinto zokulungisa izinwele, izithambisi-ndlela, izinto ezilwa nokuqina kwesikhumba nokuningi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-16-2026