Qaababka iyo Isticmaalka Aminaha Dufanka leh

Aminada Aliphaticwaxay tilmaamaysaa fasal ballaaran oo isku-dhafan oo ah amiin dabiici ah oo leh dherer silsilad kaarboon ah oo u dhexeeya C8 ilaa C22. Sida amiinada caadiga ah, waxay u qaybsan yihiin afar qaybood: amiinada aasaasiga ah, amiinada labaad, amiinada saddexaad iyo polyamines. Amiinada aasaasiga ah, kuwa labaad iyo kuwa saddexaad waxaa loo kala saaraa iyadoo loo eegayo tirada atamka haydarojiin ee ku jira ammonia oo lagu beddelay kooxaha alkyl.

Aminada Aliphatic waa wax dabiici ah oo laga helo ammonia. Aminada Aliphatic-ga ee silsiladaha gaaban oo leh silsiladaha kaarboonka C8-C10 waxay leeyihiin milmi gaar ah oo biyaha ku jira, halka aminada Aliphatic-ga ee silsiladaha dheer guud ahaan aan lagu milmi karin biyaha. Waxay ku jiraan xaalado dareere ah ama adag heerkulka qolka waana alkaline. Iyagoo ah saldhigyo dabiici ah, waxay kicin karaan oo ay mirqi karaan maqaarka iyo xuubka xabka.

Waxaa inta badan lagu sameeyaa falcelinta soo socota: khamriga dufanka leh wuxuu la falgalaa dimethylamine si uu u soo saaro monoalkyldimethyl tertiary amins; khamriga dufanka leh wuxuu la falgalaa monomethylamine si uu u soo saaro dialkylmonomethyl tertiary amins; khamriga dufanka leh wuxuu la falgalaa ammonia si uu u sameeyo trialkyl tertiary amins.

Marka hore, asiidhyada dufanka leh waxay la falgalaan ammonia si ay u soo saaraan nitriles dufan leh, nitriles-ka dufanka lehna waxay maraan hydrogenation si ay u sameeyaan amiinada dufanka leh ee koowaad ama labaad. Amiinada aasaasiga ah ama labaad waxaa lagu shubaa hydro-methylation si ay u soo saaraan amiinada saddexaad. Amiinada aasaasiga ah waxay samayn karaan diamines iyada oo loo marayo cyanoethylation oo ay ku xigto hydrogenation; diamines waxay sii samayn karaan triamines iyada oo loo marayo cyanoethylation iyo hydrogenation, triamines-na waxaa loo rogi karaa tetraamines iyada oo loo marayo cyanoethylation oo soo noqnoqda iyo hydrogenation.

Codsiyada Tooska ah

Aminada aasaasiga ahwaxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii ka hortagayaasha miridhku, saliidaha, wakiilada sii daaya, waxyaabaha lagu daro saliidda, waxyaabaha lagu daro habka midabaynta, dhumuc-dhejiyeyaasha, walxaha qoynta, wakiilada ka hortagga boodhka ee bacriminta kiimikada, waxyaabaha lagu daro saliidda matoorka, wakiilada ka hortagga dubista ee bacriminta kiimikada, wakiilada sameeya filimada, wakiilada sabeynta, saliidaha geerka, waxyaabaha lagu celiyo biyaha, waxyaabaha lagu daro biyaha aan biyuhu gelin, emulsions-ka iyo alaabada kale.

Aminada aasaasiga ah ee kaarboon-ku-sarreeya sida octadecylamine waxay u adeegaan sidii wakiilo sii daaya xumbada caagga adag iyo polyurethane. Dodecylamine waxaa lagu dabaqaa dib u soo noolaynta cinjirka dabiiciga ah iyo kan macmalka ah, sida surfactants ee xalalka dahaarka aan korontada lahayn, iyo soo saarista waxyaabaha ka soo baxa malt iyada oo loo marayo soo-saaridda isomaltose. Oleylamine waxaa loo isticmaalaa sidii lagu daro shidaalka naaftada.

Soo saaristaWaxyaabaha ka soo baxa Cationic

Amines-ka aasaasiga ah iyo milixdoodu waxay u shaqeeyaan sidii wakiillo macdan oo wax ku ool ah, wakiillo ka hortagga dubista ee bacriminta kiimikada ama walxaha qarxa, wakiillo ka hortaga biyaha warqadda, joojiya miridhka, waxyaabaha lagu daro saliidda, bakteeriyada disha warshadaha batroolka, waxyaabaha lagu daro shidaalka iyo gaaska, wakiilada nadiifinta elektaroonigga ah, emulsifiers, walxaha ceeriin ee wax soo saarka dhoobada organometallic, waxyaabaha lagu daro habka midabaynta, kiimikooyinka daaweynta biyaha iyo wakiilada sameeya filimada. Amines-ka aasaasiga ah waxaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu sameeyo emulsifiers-ka asfalt-ka ee cusbada ammonium ee quaternary, kuwaas oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo laamiga iyo dayactirka waddooyinka waaweyn ee heerka sare ah. Emulsifiers-yadan waxay yareeyaan xoogga shaqada inta lagu jiro dhismaha iyo dayactirka waxayna gacan ka geystaan ​​​​kordhinta cimriga shaqada ee dusha sare ee waddooyinka.

Soo saaristaWaxyaabaha aan lahayn ionic Surfactants

Waxyaabaha lagu daro ee ka dhasha falgalka amiinada aliphatic primary amin oo leh ethylene oxide waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa sidii wakiilo ka hortagta istaatiijiyada warshadaha balaastikada. Amiinada Ethoxylated ma milmaan balaastikada sidaas darteedna waxay u guuraan dusha sare ee balaastikada ah. Marka ay gaaraan dusha sare, amiinada ethoxylated waxay si buuxda u nuugaan qoyaanka jawiga, taasoo ka dhigaysa dusha sare ee balaastikada mid ka hortagta istaatiijiyada.

Soo saaristaAmphoteric Surfactants

Dodecylamine wuxuu la falgalaa methyl acrylate, ka dibna saponification iyo dhexdhexaadin si loo soo saaro N-dodecyl-β-alanine. Waxyaabaha sunta ah ee noocan ah waxay leeyihiin sifooyinka soo socda: dareerahooda biyaha waa dareere aan midab lahayn ama midab lahayn, oo ku milma biyaha ama ethanol, si fudud u burburi kara, u adkaysta biyaha adag, cuncunka maqaarka oo hooseeya iyo sun yar. Isticmaalkooda waxaa ka mid ah wakiilada xumbo, emulsifiers, ka hortagga miridhka, saabuunta dareeraha ah, shaambooyada, qaboojiyaha timaha, jilciyeyaasha, wakiilada ka hortagga istaatiijiyadda iyo waxyaabo kaloo badan.