Ii-amine ze-aliphaticbhekisa kudidi olukhulu lwee-organic amine compounds ezinobude be-carbon chain ukusuka kwi-C8 ukuya kwi-C22. Njengee-common amines, zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezine: ii-primary amines, ii-secondary amines, ii-tertiary amines kunye nee-polyamines. Ii-primary, secondary kunye ne-tertiary amines zihlelwa ngokwenani lee-athomu ze-hydrogen kwi-ammonia ezithathelwe indawo ngamaqela e-alkyl.
Ii-amine ze-aliphatic zizinto eziphilayo ezivela kwi-ammonia. Ii-amine ze-aliphatic ze-short-chain ezine-C8-C10 carbon chains zinyibilika emanzini, ngelixa ii-amine ze-aliphatic ze-long-chain zihlala zinganyibiliki emanzini. Zifumaneka kwiindawo ezingamanzi okanye eziqinileyo kubushushu begumbi kwaye ziyi-alkaline. Njengeziseko ze-organic, zinokucaphukisa kwaye zitshabalalise ulusu kunye nee-membrane ze-mucous.
Ziveliswa ikakhulu ngezi mpendulo zilandelayo: ii-fatty alcohols zisabela kunye ne-dimethylamine ukuvelisa ii-monoalkyldimethyl tertiary amines; ii-fatty alcohols zisabela kunye ne-monomethylamine ukuvelisa ii-dialkylmonomethyl tertiary amines; ii-fatty alcohols zisabela kunye ne-ammonia ukwenza ii-trialkyl tertiary amines.
Okokuqala, ii-fatty acids zisabela kunye ne-ammonia ukuze zivelise ii-fatty nitriles, kwaye ii-fatty nitriles zifumana i-hydrogenation ukuze zenze ii-fatty primary okanye secondary amines. Ii-primary okanye secondary amines zifakwa kwi-hydro-methylation ukuze zivelise ii-tertiary amines. Ii-primary amines zinokwenza ii-diamines nge-cyanoethylation elandelwa yi-hydrogenation; ii-diamines zinokwenza ii-triamines ngakumbi nge-cyanoethylation kunye ne-hydrogenation, kwaye ii-triamines zinokuguqulwa zibe yi-tetraamines nge-cyanoethylation ephindaphindayo kunye ne-hydrogenation.
Izicelo ezithe ngqo
Ii-amine eziphambiliingasetyenziswa njengezinto zokuthintela ukugqwala, izinto zokuthambisa, izinto zokukhulula, izongezo zeoyile, izongezo zokulungisa umbala, izinto zokutyebisa, izinto zokumanzisa, izinto zokuthintela uthuli kwizichumisi zeekhemikhali, izongezo zeoyile yenjini, izinto zokuthintela ukugabha kwizichumisi zeekhemikhali, izinto ezenza ifilimu, izinto zokudada, izinto zokuluka kwezixhobo, izinto zokulahla amanzi, izinto zokuthintela amanzi, izongezo ezingangeni manzi, izinto zokuthintela i-wax emulsions kunye nezinye iimveliso.
Ii-amine eziphambili ezinekhabhoni ephezulu ezifana ne-octadecylamine zisebenza njengee-agents zokukhulula irabha eqinileyo kunye ne-polyurethane foams. I-Dodecylamine isetyenziswa ekuvuseleleni irabha zendalo kunye nezokwenziwa, njengee-surfactants kwizisombululo ze-electroless tin plating, kunye nokuvelisa i-malt derivatives nge-reductive amination ye-isomaltose. I-Oleylamine isetyenziswa njengesongezelelo samafutha edizili.
Imveliso yeIi-Surfactants zeCationic
Ii-amine eziphambili kunye neetyuwa zazo zisebenza njengee-arhente zokudada kwezimbiwa ezisebenzayo, ii-arhente zokugquma izichumisi zeekhemikhali okanye iziqhushumbisi, ii-arhente zokuthintela amanzi ephepha, izithinteli zokugqwala, izongezo zokuthambisa, ii-bactericides kwishishini le-petroleum, izongezo zepetroli kunye nepetroli, ii-arhente zokucoca ze-elektroniki, ii-emulsifiers, izinto eziluhlaza zokuvelisa udongwe lwe-organometallic, izongezo zokucubungula i-pigment, iikhemikhali zonyango lwamanzi kunye nee-arhente zokwenza ifilimu. Ii-amine eziphambili zingasetyenziselwa ukwenza ii-emulsifiers ze-asphalt zetyuwa ye-ammonium ye-quaternary, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekugayweni nasekugcinweni kweendlela eziphakamileyo. Ezi emulsifiers zinciphisa amandla okusebenza ngexesha lokwakhiwa nokugcinwa kwaye zinceda ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yemiphezulu yendlela.
Imveliso yeIi-Surfactants ezingezizo ii-ionic
Ii-Adducts ezenziwe yi-reaction ye-aliphatic primary amines ene-ethylene oxide zisetyenziswa kakhulu njengee-antistatic agents kwishishini leeplastiki. Ii-ethoxylated amines azinyibiliki kwiiplastiki kwaye ngaloo ndlela ziya kwiindawo zeplastiki ezingaphelelanga. Nje ukuba zifike kumphezulu, ii-ethoxylated amines zifunxa ngokupheleleyo umswakama ovela emoyeni, nto leyo eyenza umphezulu weplastiki ube antistatic.
Imveliso yeIi-Amphoteric Surfactants
I-Dodecylamine isabela kwi-methyl acrylate, ilandelwe yi-saponification kunye ne-neutralization ukuze ivelise i-N-dodecyl-β-alanine. Ii-surfactants zolu hlobo zineempawu ezilandelayo: izisombululo zazo zamanzi zizinto ezikhanyayo okanye ezingenambala, ezinyibilikayo emanzini okanye kwi-ethanol, ezibola lula, ezimelana namanzi aqinileyo, ezingaphantsi kokurhawuzelelwa lusu kwaye ziphantsi kobutyhefu. Ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuquka izinto ezikhupha amagwebu, izinto ezixubayo, izinto ezithintela ukugqwala, izicoci zolwelo, iishampu, izinto ezilungisa iinwele, izinto ezithambisayo, izinto ezilwa nokuqina kwesikhumba kunye nezinye izinto.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-16-2026