01 Ra'ayi naTafiye-tafiye
Flotation, wanda kuma aka sani da flotation ma'adinai processing, wata fasaha ce ta raba ma'adanai masu mahimmanci daga gangue ma'adanai a mahaɗan gas-liquid-solid ta hanyar amfani da bambance-bambancen halayen saman ma'adanai daban-daban da ke cikin ma'adanai, kuma ana kiranta da "rabuwar fuska". Duk hanyoyin fasaha da ke raba barbashi ma'adanai kai tsaye ko a kaikaice dangane da mahaɗan mataki dangane da bambancin halayen mahaɗan ma'adanai daban-daban suna faɗuwa ƙarƙashin ma'anar flotation.
Sifofin saman ma'adinai suna nufin siffofi na zahiri, sinadarai da sauran halaye a saman barbashi na ma'adanai, kamar danshi a saman, halayen lantarki na saman, da kuma nau'in, jikewa da ayyukan haɗin sinadarai na atom ɗin saman. Akwai bambance-bambance a cikin halayen saman barbashi na ma'adanai daban-daban. Irin waɗannan bambance-bambancen halaye suna ba da damar rabuwa da haɓaka ma'adanai tare da taimakon hanyoyin haɗin lokaci, shi ya sa tsarin flotation ya ƙunshi hanyoyin haɗin iskar gas, ruwa da ƙarfi mai matakai uku.
Gyaran wucin gadi na iya canza halayen saman ma'adinai don faɗaɗa gibin mallakar saman tsakanin ƙananan ƙwayoyin ma'adinai masu mahimmanci da ƙananan ƙwayoyin ma'adinai don sauƙaƙe rabuwa. A cikin ayyukan iyo,sinadaran flotationAna amfani da su ne don gyara fasalin saman ma'adinai ta hanyar wucin gadi, faɗaɗa bambance-bambancen kadarori tsakanin ma'adanai daban-daban, ƙara ko rage yawan ruwan da ke saman ma'adinai, tsara da kuma sarrafa aikin flotation na ma'adanai, da kuma cimma sakamako mafi kyau na rabuwa. Saboda haka, aikace-aikacen da haɓaka fasahar flotation suna da alaƙa da reagents na flotation.
Ba kamar sigogin zahiri na ma'adanai kamar yawan yawa da kuma ƙarfin maganadisu waɗanda ke da wahalar daidaitawa ba, kusan dukkan halayen saman barbashi na ma'adanai za a iya gyara su ta hanyar wucin gadi don ƙirƙirar bambance-bambancen halayen saman da aka yi niyya tsakanin ma'adanai don buƙatun rabuwa. Saboda wannan dalili, flotation yana da amfani mai yawa a cikin wadatar ma'adanai kuma ana kiransa hanyar sarrafa ma'adanai ta duniya; ta shahara a matsayin dabarar rabuwa mafi amfani da ita musamman ga kayan granular masu kyau da marasa kyau.
02 Aikace-aikacen Flotation
Sarrafa ma'adinai aikin samarwa ne don shirya kayan aiki don narkar da ƙarfe da masana'antar sinadarai, kuma flotation na kumfa ya rikide ya zama ɗaya daga cikin dabarun sarrafa ma'adanai mafi mahimmanci. Kusan dukkan nau'ikan albarkatun ma'adinai za a iya raba su ta hanyar flotation.
A halin yanzu, ana amfani da flotation sosai don wadatar da ma'adanai na ƙarfe waɗanda ƙarfe da manganese suka mamaye, kamar hematite, siderite da ilmenite; ma'adanai masu daraja waɗanda galibi ke ɗauke da zinariya da azurfa; ma'adanai marasa ƙarfe waɗanda suka haɗa da jan ƙarfe, gubar, zinc, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum da antimony, waɗanda ke rufe ma'adanai na sulfide kamar galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite da molybdenite, pentlandite, da kuma ma'adanai na oxide kamar malachite, cerussite, hemimorphite, cassiterite da wolframite. Haka kuma ana amfani da shi wajen raba ma'adanai na gishiri marasa ƙarfe waɗanda suka haɗa da fluorite, apatite da barite, ma'adanai na gishiri masu narkewa kamar sylvite da gishirin dutse, tare da ma'adanai marasa ƙarfe da silicate kamar kwal, graphite, sulfur, lu'u-lu'u, quartz, mica, feldspar da beryl, spodumene.
An tara ƙwarewa mai yawa a aikace kuma fasahohin da suka shafi hakan suna ci gaba da ci gaba a masana'antar sarrafa ma'adinai ta hanyar haɓaka flotation. Ma'adanai marasa inganci da rikitarwa waɗanda a da ake ganin ba su da amfani a kasuwanci yanzu ana iya dawo da su kuma a sake amfani da su azaman albarkatu na biyu ta hanyar flotation.
Yayin da albarkatun ma'adinai ke ƙara yin laushi a hankali, ma'adanai masu mahimmanci suna rarrabawa cikin tsari mai kyau da rikitarwa a cikin ma'adanai, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar wahalar rabuwa. A halin yanzu, don rage farashin samarwa, masana'antu, ciki har da kayan ƙarfe da injiniyan sinadarai, suna ƙara ƙa'idoji masu tsauri kan inganci da daidaiton ma'adanai da aka raba da ake amfani da su azaman kayan sarrafa abinci.
Ganin yadda ake fuskantar buƙatu biyu na inganta ingancin tattarawa da kuma magance wahalar raba ma'adanai masu ƙima, flotation ya yi fice da fa'idodi masu yawa fiye da sauran fasahohin rabawa kuma ya zama hanyar sarrafa ma'adinai mafi amfani da kuma mai ban sha'awa da ake da ita. Da farko ana amfani da shi ne kawai don raba ma'adinan sulfide, ana ci gaba da faɗaɗa flotation zuwa ma'adanai na oxide da ma'adanai marasa ƙarfe, tare da biliyoyin tan na ma'adanai da ake sarrafawa a duk duniya ta hanyar flotation kowace shekara a zamanin yau.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, fasahar flotation ta karya iyakokin injiniyan sarrafa ma'adinai kuma ta gano faɗaɗa aikace-aikace a fannonin kare muhalli, aikin ƙarfe, yin takarda, noma, injiniyan sinadarai, samar da abinci, kimiyyar kayan aiki, magunguna da fasahar kere-kere.
Aikace-aikacen masana'antu na yau da kullun sun haɗa da dawo da abubuwa masu mahimmanci daga samfuran matsakaici, abubuwa masu canzawa da tarkace a cikin pyrometallurgy ta hanyar flotation; cire abubuwa masu amfani daga ragowar da ke zubar da ruwa da kuma abubuwan da ke haifar da hydrometallurgy; cire takardar sharar gida da dawo da zare daga shan giya mai guba a cikin masana'antar sinadarai; da kuma ayyukan injiniyan muhalli kamar cire ɗanyen mai mai yawa daga yashi a cikin kogi, cire ƙananan gurɓatattun abubuwa masu ƙarfi, colloids, ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙananan ƙazanta na ƙarfe daga ruwan shara.
Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka hanyoyin flotation da kuma fitowar sabbin na'urori masu inganci da kayan aiki na flotation, flotation zai sami fa'ida a fannoni da dama na masana'antu. Duk da haka, akwai matsaloli ga aiwatar da flotation: idan aka kwatanta da rabuwar maganadisu da rabuwar nauyi, flotation yana cinye ƙarin na'urorin sinadarai kuma yana haifar da hauhawar farashin samarwa; yana sanya tsauraran ƙa'idodi kan girman barbashi na abinci; abubuwa da yawa masu canzawa suna shafar aikin flotation da haɓaka ƙa'idodin sarrafa tsari; na'urorin flotation da ke ɗauke da ragowar na'urorin flotation suma suna haifar da haɗarin muhalli.
03 Abubuwan Bincike na Flotation
Tsarin iyo yana kunshe da hulɗa tsakanin ƙwayoyin ma'adinai masu ƙarfi da hanyoyin rabuwa (ruwa da iskar gas). Manyan abubuwan da aka yi nazari a kansu sun shafi ƙa'idodin iyo, abubuwan da ake amfani da su wajen iyo, injinan iyo da kuma hanyoyin iyo.
Ka'idojin flotation na asali sun mayar da hankali kan yadda ake iya floating na ma'adinai da kuma halayen da ke tsakanin fuskoki yayin rabuwa, gami da bincike kan halayen da ke tsakanin fuskoki, hulɗar da ke tsakanin fuskoki da kuma tsarin haƙa ma'adinai na kumfa na iska. Bincike kan reagents na flotation ya mayar da hankali kan rarrabuwar reagent, tsarin kwayoyin halitta, halayen physicochemical, hanyoyin aiki, dabarun shiri da ka'idojin aikace-aikacen filin. Nazarin kan injunan flotation ya haɗa da tsarin kayan aiki, ƙa'idodin aiki da yanayin da ya dace. Binciken tsarin flotation ya ƙunshi tsarin da'irar tsari, tasiri da daidaita sigogin fasaha da kuma tsarin ƙara reagent, wanda aka ƙara masa ta hanyar binciken aikace-aikace na nau'ikan ma'adanai daban-daban.
Tsarin ka'idar binciken flotation ya ƙunshi fannoni daban-daban kamar su ilimin sinadarai na tsari, ilmin sunadarai na halitta, ilmin sunadarai na inorganic, ilmin sunadarai na zahiri (sinadaran hulɗa da sinadarai na colloid), ilimin sinadarai na ruwa, injiniyan injiniya, fasahar ganowa ta atomatik da nazarin tattalin arziki na fasaha.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuni-04-2026