ʻEhia kou ʻike e pili ana i ka ʻike lana?

01 Manaʻo oLana ʻana

ʻO ka flotation, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka hana ʻana i nā mineral floatation, he ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale mineral e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mineral waiwai mai nā mineral gangue ma nā interfaces gas-liquid-solid ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa o nā waiwai o nā mineral like ʻole i loko o nā ores, a ua kapa ʻia hoʻi ʻo ia he "interfacial separation". ʻO nā kaʻina hana ʻenehana āpau e hoʻokaʻawale pololei a ʻaʻole pololei paha i nā interfaces phase e pili ana i nā waiwai interfacial like ʻole o nā ʻāpana mineral like ʻole e hāʻule ma lalo o ka wehewehe ʻana o ka flotation.

Pili nā waiwai o ka ʻili mineral i nā ʻano kino, kemika a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ma luna o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana mineral, e like me ka pulu ʻana o ka ʻili, nā waiwai uila o ka ʻili, a me ke ʻano, ka saturation a me ka hana o nā pilina kemika o nā ʻātoma o ka ʻili. Aia nā ʻokoʻa ma nā waiwai o ka ʻili o nā ʻāpana mineral like ʻole. ʻO ia mau ʻokoʻa waiwai e hiki ai ke hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻonui i nā mineral me ke kōkua o nā interfaces phase, ʻo ia ke kumu e pili ai ke kaʻina hana flotation i nā interfaces ʻekolu-phase kinoea, wai a paʻa.

Hiki i ka hoʻololi hana ke hoʻololi i nā waiwai o ka ʻili mineral e hoʻonui i ka hakahaka o ka ʻili ma waena o nā ʻāpana mineral waiwai nui a me nā ʻāpana mineral gangue no ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana. I nā hana flotation,nā mea hoʻohui lanaua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e hoʻololi i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻili mineral, hoʻonui i nā ʻokoʻa waiwai ma waena o nā mineral like ʻole, hoʻonui a hōʻemi paha i ka hydrophobicity o ka ʻili mineral, hoʻoponopono a kāohi i ka hana flotation o nā mineral, a i ka hopena e hoʻokō i nā hopena hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi loa. No laila, pili pono ka noi a me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana flotation i nā reagents flotation.

ʻAʻole e like me nā ʻano kino mineral e like me ka density a me ka magnetic susceptibility i paʻakikī ke hoʻoponopono, aneane hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā waiwai āpau o nā ʻāpana mineral e hana i nā ʻokoʻa waiwai o ka ʻili i kuhikuhi ʻia ma waena o nā mineral no nā koi hoʻokaʻawale. No kēia kumu, hauʻoli ka flotation i ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka mineral beneficiation a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ke ʻano hana mineral honua; kū ia ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale i hoʻohana nui ʻia a me ka maikaʻi loa no nā mea granular maikaʻi a me nā mea granular ultra-fine.

02 Nā Hoʻohana o ka Flotation

ʻO ka hana ʻana i nā minelala he hana hana e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā mea maka no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka metala a me nā ʻoihana kemika, a ua ulu ka froth flotation i kekahi o nā ʻano hana hana minelala koʻikoʻi loa. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano waiwai minelala āpau ma o ka flotation.

I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia ka flotation no ka pono o nā ʻores metala ferrous i hoʻomalu ʻia e ka hao a me ka manganese, e like me ka hematite, siderite a me ka ilmenite; nā ʻores metala makamae i loaʻa nui ke gula a me ke kālā; nā ʻores metala non-ferrous e like me ke keleawe, ke kēpau, zinc, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum a me ka antimony, e uhi ana i nā minelala sulfide e like me galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite a me molybdenite, pentlandite, a me nā minelala oxide e like me malachite, cerussite, hemimorphite, cassiterite a me wolframite. Hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi ia i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā minelala paʻakai non-metallic e like me ka fluorite, apatite a me barite, nā minelala paʻakai hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e like me sylvite a me ka paʻakai pōhaku, me nā minelala non-metallic a me silicate e like me ke kalapona, graphite, sulfur, daimana, quartz, mica, feldspar a me beryl, spodumene.

Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka ʻike hana nui a ke holomua nei nā ʻenehana pili i ka ʻoihana hana mineral ma o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka flotation. Hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia a hoʻohana hou ʻia nā mineral haʻahaʻa a paʻakikī hoʻi i manaʻo ʻia he waiwai ʻole ma ke ʻano he waiwai lua ma o ka flotation.

I ka emi mālie ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai mineral, ua hoʻolaha ʻia nā mineral waiwai nui i nā ʻano maikaʻi a paʻakikī hoʻi i loko o nā ores, e alakaʻi ana i nā pilikia hoʻokaʻawale. I kēia manawa, no ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai hana, hoʻokau nā ʻoihana e like me nā mea metallurgical a me ka ʻenekinia kemika i nā koi koʻikoʻi e pili ana i ka maikaʻi a me ka pololei o nā hui mineral i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he feedstock hana.

Ke kū nei i nā koi pālua o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka concentrate a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka paʻakikī i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā minelala liʻiliʻi, kū ka flotation me nā pono koʻikoʻi ma luna o nā ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale ʻē aʻe a ua lilo ia i ke ʻano hana mineral i hoʻohana nui ʻia a hoʻohiki ʻia. I ka wā mua i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā minelala sulfide wale nō, ua hoʻonui mālie ʻia ka flotation i nā minelala oxide a me nā minelala non-metallic, me nā piliona tone o nā minelala i hana ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e ka flotation i kēlā me kēia makahiki i kēia mau lā.

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua uhaʻi ka ʻenehana flotation i ka palena o ka ʻenekinia hana mineral a ua loaʻa nā noi hoʻonui ma waena o ka palekana o ke kaiapuni, metallurgy, hana pepa, mahiʻai, ʻenekinia kemika, hana meaʻai, ʻepekema mea, lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā ʻoihana biotechnology.

ʻO nā noi ʻoihana maʻamau e pili ana i ka hoʻōla ʻana o nā ʻāpana waiwai mai nā huahana waena, nā mea volatile a me nā slags i ka pyrometallurgy ma o ka flotation; ka unuhi ʻana o nā ʻāpana pono mai nā koena leaching a me nā cementation precipitates o ka hydrometallurgy; ka wehe ʻana i ka inika o ka pepa ʻōpala a me ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka fiber mai ka pulping neoneo wai i loko o ka ʻoihana kemika; a me nā hana ʻenekinia kaiapuni e like me ka unuhi ʻana i ka maka nui mai ke one o ka muliwai, ka wehe ʻana i nā mea haumia paʻa maikaʻi, nā colloids, nā bacteria a me nā mea haumia metala mai ka wai hoʻoneoneo.

Me nā hoʻonui mau ʻana o nā kaʻina hana flotation a me ka puka ʻana mai o nā reagents flotation kiʻekiʻe a me nā lako hana hou, e loaʻa ka flotation i ka noi ākea ma nā ʻāpana ʻoihana hou aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā hemahema no ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka flotation: i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka hoʻokaʻawale magnetic a me ka hoʻokaʻawale umekaumaha, hoʻopau ka flotation i nā reagents kemika hou aʻe a lawe mai i nā kumukūʻai hana kiʻekiʻe; kau ia i nā kapu paʻa i ka nui o nā ʻāpana hānai; hoʻopilikia nā loli he nui i ka hana flotation a hoʻokiʻekiʻe i nā kūlana kaohi kaʻina hana; ʻo ka wai hoʻoneoneo e lawe ana i nā reagents flotation koena e hoʻopilikia pū i ke kaiapuni.

03 Ka ʻIke Noiʻi o ka Flotation

ʻO ke kaʻina hana flotation e pili ana i nā pilina ma waena o nā ʻāpana mineral paʻa a me nā mea hoʻokaʻawale (wai a me ke kinoea). Uhi nā kumuhana noiʻi koʻikoʻi i nā kumumanaʻo flotation kumu, nā reagents flotation, nā mīkini flotation a me nā kaʻina hana flotation.

ʻO ke kumumanaʻo flotation kumu e pili ana i ka floatability mineral a me nā ʻano interfacial i ka wā o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, me ka noiʻi ʻana i nā waiwai interfacial, nā pilina interphase a me ke ʻano mineralization o nā pehu ea. ʻO ka noiʻi ʻana i nā reagents flotation e kālele ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka reagent, ka hoʻonohonoho molekala, nā waiwai physicochemical, nā ʻano hana, nā ʻano hana hoʻomākaukau a me nā protocols noi kahua. Pili nā haʻawina ma nā mīkini flotation i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā lako, nā loina hana a me nā hiʻohiʻona kūpono. Uhi ka noiʻi kaʻina hana flotation i ka hoʻonohonoho kaapuni kaʻina hana, ka mana a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻano ʻenehana a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻohui reagent, i hoʻohui ʻia e ka noiʻi noi kūpono no nā ʻano ore like ʻole.

Hoʻokomo pū ka ʻōnaehana kumumanaʻo o ka noiʻi flotation i nā ʻano aʻo like ʻole e like me ka mineralogy kaʻina hana, ke kemika organik, ke kemika inorganic, ke kemika kino (ke kemika interfacial a me ke kemika colloid), ka mechanics fluid, ka ʻenekinia mechanical, ka ʻenehana ʻike aunoa a me ka loiloi techno-economic.