01 Khopolo eaPhaphamala
Flotation, e tsejoang hape e le ts'ebetso ea liminerale tse phaphametseng, ke theknoloji ea karohano ea liminerale e arolang liminerale tsa bohlokoa ho liminerale tsa gangue tse hokahaneng le khase-mokelikeli-e tiileng ka ho sebelisa monyetla oa liphapang tsa thepa ea holim'a liminerale tse fapaneng tse fumanehang marung a tšepe, 'me e boetse e bitsoa "karohano ea li-interfacial". Mekhoa eohle ea theknoloji e arolang likaroloana tsa liminerale ka kotloloho kapa ka tsela e sa tobang e itšetlehileng ka li-interface tsa mekhahlelo e thehiloeng holim'a thepa e fapaneng ea li-interfacial tsa likaroloana tse fapaneng tsa liminerale e oela tlas'a tlhaloso ea flotation.
Litšobotsi tsa bokaholimo ba diminerale li bolela litšobotsi tsa 'mele, tsa lik'hemik'hale le tse ling holim'a likaroloana tsa diminerale, tse kang ho khona ho koloba holim'a tsona, litšobotsi tsa motlakase holim'a tsona, hammoho le mofuta, ho tlala le ts'ebetso ea litlamo tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa liathomo tsa bokaholimo. Liphapang li teng litšobotsing tsa bokaholimo ba likaroloana tse fapaneng tsa diminerale. Liphapang tse joalo tsa thepa li nolofalletsa karohano le ntlafatso ea diminerale ka thuso ea li-interface tsa mekhahlelo, ke ka lebaka leo ts'ebetso ea ho phaphamala e kenyelletsang li-interface tsa khase, mokelikeli le tse tiileng tsa mekhahlelo e meraro.
Phetoho ea maiketsetso e ka fetola thepa ea bokaholimo ba diminerale ho atolosa sekheo sa thepa ea bokaholimo pakeng tsa likaroloana tsa bohlokoa tsa diminerale le likaroloana tsa diminerale tsa gangue bakeng sa karohano e bonolo. Ts'ebetsong ea ho phaphamala,li-reagent tsa ho phaphamalaHangata di amohelwa ho fetola dibopeho tsa bokahodimo ba diminerale ka maiketsetso, ho atolosa ho se tshwane ha thepa pakeng tsa diminerale tse fapaneng, ho eketsa kapa ho fokotsa ho se tshabe metsi ha bokahodimo ba diminerale, ho laola le ho laola tshebetso ya ho phaphamala ha diminerale, mme qetellong ho fihlelle diphetho tse hodimo tsa karohano. Ka hona, tshebediso le ntshetsopele ya theknoloji ya ho phaphamala di amana haufiufi le di-reagent tsa ho phaphamala.
Ho fapana le diparamente tsa 'mele tsa diminerale tse kang ho ba le bongata le ho tetebela ha makenete tse thata ho di fetola, hoo e batlang e le thepa yohle ya bokahodimo ba dikarolwana tsa diminerale e ka fetolwa ka boiketsetso ho etsa dipharologanyo tsa thepa ya bokahodimo tse reretsweng pakeng tsa diminerale bakeng sa ditlhoko tsa karohano. Ka lebaka lena, ho phaphamala ho na le tshebediso e kgolo ho rueng diminerale mme ho bitswa mokgwa wa ho sebetsana le diminerale ka kakaretso; e hlahella e le mokhoa wa karohano o sebediswang haholoholo le o sebetsang ka ho fetisisa haholoholo bakeng sa thepa e tshehla le e nang le di-granular tse ntle haholo.
02 Litšebeliso tsa Flotation
Ho sebetsana le diminerale ke ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea ho lokisa thepa e tala bakeng sa indasteri ea ho qhibilihisa tšepe le lik'hemik'hale, 'me ho float ea lerōle ho fetohile e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ea ho sebetsana le diminerale. Hoo e batlang e le mefuta eohle ea mehloli ea diminerale e ka aroloa ka ho float.
Hona jwale, ho phaphamala ho amohelwa haholo bakeng sa ho rua molemo majwe a tshepe a ferrous a laolwang ke tshepe le manganese, jwalo ka hematite, siderite le ilmenite; majwe a tshepe a bohlokwa a nang le kgauta le silefera haholoholo; majwe a tshepe a se nang ferrous a kenyeletsang koporo, lead, zinc, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum le antimony, a kwahelang diminerale tsa sulfide tse kang galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite le molybdenite, pentlandite, hammoho le diminerale tsa oxide tse kang malachite, cerussite, hemimorphite, cassiterite le wolframite. E boetse e sebediswa karohanong ya diminerale tsa letswai tse seng tsa tshepe tse kenyeletsang fluorite, apatite le barite, diminerale tsa letswai tse qhibilihang jwalo ka sylvite le letswai la lefika, hammoho le diminerale tse seng tsa tshepe le silicate tse kang mashala, graphite, sebabole, daemane, quartz, mica, feldspar le beryl, spodumene.
Phihlelo e ngata e sebetsang e bokelletsoe mme mahlale a amanang le ona a ntse a tswela pele indastering ya ho sebetsana le diminerale ka ntshetsopele ya ho phaphamala. Diminerale tsa maemo a tlase le tse rarahaneng ka sebopeho tse kileng tsa nkuwa di se na thuso kgwebong jwale di ka fumanwa hape mme tsa sebediswa hape e le mehlodi ya bobedi ka ho phaphamala.
Ha mehloli ea liminerale e ntse e fokotseha butle-butle, liminerale tsa bohlokoa li ajoa ka mekhoa e menyenyane le e rarahaneng haholoanyane ka har'a lirafshoa, e leng se lebisang mathateng a ho arohana a ntseng a hola. Ho sa le joalo, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso, liindasteri tse kenyeletsang thepa ea tšepe le boenjiniere ba lik'hemik'hale li beha litlhoko tse thata haholoanyane boleng le ho nepahala ha metsoako ea liminerale tse arohaneng tse sebelisoang e le phepelo ea phepelo.
Ka lebaka la ditlhoko tse pedi tsa ho ntlafatsa boleng ba ho kopanya le ho sebetsana le bothata ba ho arola diminerale tse boholo bo bonyenyane, ho phaphamala ho hlahella ka melemo e hlahelletseng ho feta mahlale a mang a karohano mme e se e le mokgwa o sebediswang haholo le o tshepisang wa ho sebetsana le diminerale o fumanehang. Qalong o ne o sebediswa feela bakeng sa karohano ya diminerale tsa sulfide, ho phaphamala ho ntse ho atoloswa butle-butle ho ya ho diminerale tsa oxide le diminerale tse seng tsa tshepe, ka dithane tse dibilione tsa diminerale tse sebetswang lefatsheng ka bophara ka ho phaphamala selemo se seng le se seng matsatsing ana.
Lilemong tse mashome tsa morao tjena, theknoloji ea ho phaphamala e robile moeli oa boenjiniere ba ho sebetsana le liminerale 'me e fumane lits'ebetso tse ntseng li hola ho pholletsa le makala a ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, tšepe, ho etsa pampiri, temo, boenjiniere ba lik'hemik'hale, tlhahiso ea lijo, saense ea thepa, meriana le theknoloji ea baeloji.
Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea indasteri e kenyelletsa ho fumana metsoako ea bohlokoa ho tsoa lihlahisoa tse mahareng, lintho tse feto-fetohang le litšila tse silafatsang ka mokhoa oa ho phaphamala; ho ntša likarolo tse thusang ho tsoa masala a leaching le ho qhibilihisa hydrometallurgy; ho tlosa pampiri e litšila le ho hlaphoheloa ha faeba ho tsoa ho joala bo litšila bo pulpohang ka har'a indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale; hammoho le mekhoa ea boenjiniere ba tikoloho e kang ho ntša oli e tala e ngata lehlabatheng le ka tlas'a noka, ho tlosa litšila tse tiileng tse ntle, li-colloid, libaktheria le litšila tse setseng tsa tšepe metsing a litšila.
Ka ntlafatso e tsoelang pele ea lits'ebetso tsa ho phaphamala le ho hlaha ha li-reagent le lisebelisoa tse ncha tse sebetsang hantle tsa ho phaphamala, ho phaphamala ho tla sebelisoa ka bongata makaleng a mangata a indasteri. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le mathata a teng bakeng sa ts'ebetsong ea ho phaphamala: ha ho bapisoa le karohano ea makenete le karohano ea matla a khoheli, ho phaphamala ho ja li-reagent tse ngata tsa lik'hemik'hale 'me ho tlisa litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa tlhahiso; ho beha lithibelo tse thata boholo ba likaroloana tsa fepa; mefuta e mengata e ama ts'ebetso ea ho phaphamala le ho phahamisa maemo a taolo ea ts'ebetso; li-reagent tse setseng tsa ho phaphamala ka metsi a litšila le tsona li baka likotsi tsa tikoloho.
03 Dikahare tsa Patlisiso tsa Flotation
Ts'ebetso ea ho phaphamala e kenyelletsa likamano lipakeng tsa likaroloana tse tiileng tsa diminerale le mecha ea karohano (metsi le khase). Lithuto tsa mantlha li akaretsa melao-motheo ea motheo ea ho phaphamala, li-reagent tsa ho phaphamala, mechini ea ho phaphamala le lits'ebetso tsa ho phaphamala.
Likhopolo-taba tsa motheo tsa ho phaphamala li shebane le ho phaphamala ha diminerale le litšobotsi tsa ho phaphamala nakong ea karohano, ho kenyeletsoa le lipatlisiso mabapi le thepa ea ho phaphamala, likamano tsa mekhahlelo e fapaneng le mokhoa oa ho etsa li-bubble tsa moea li na le minerale. Lipatlisiso mabapi le li-reagent tsa ho phaphamala li shebane le ho arola li-reagent, sebopeho sa limolek'hule, thepa ea fisik'hemik'hale, mekhoa ea ts'ebetso, mekhoa ea ho lokisa le liprothokholi tsa ts'ebeliso ea tšimo. Lithuto mabapi le mechini ea ho phaphamala li kenyelletsa tlhophiso ea lisebelisoa, melao-motheo ea ts'ebetso le maemo a sebetsang. Lipatlisiso tsa ts'ebetso ea ho phaphamala li akaretsa moralo oa potoloho ea ts'ebetso, tšusumetso le taolo ea liparamente tsa theknoloji hammoho le mekhoa ea ho eketsa li-reagent, e tlatselletsoang ke lipatlisiso tsa ts'ebeliso tse sebetsang bakeng sa mefuta e fapaneng ea oli.
Moralo oa khopolo-taba oa lipatlisiso tsa flotation o kenyelletsa mafapha a mangata a kang process mineralogy, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry (interfacial chemistry le colloid chemistry), fluid mechanics, mechanic engineering, automatic detection technology le techno-economic analysis.
Nako ea poso: Phuptjane-04-2026