01 Pfungwa yeKuyangarara
Flotation, inozivikanwawo se floatation mineral processing, inyanzvi yekuparadzanisa zvicherwa inoparadzanisa zvicherwa zvinokosha kubva ku gangue minerals panzvimbo dzine gas-liquid-solid interfaces nekushandisa mukana wekusiyana kwehunhu hwepamusoro hwezvicherwa zvakasiyana-siyana zviri mumatombo, uye inonziwo "interfacial separation". Maitiro ese etekinoroji anoparadzanisa zvicherwa zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga achitsamira pa phase interfaces zvichibva pahunhu hwakasiyana hwe interfacial hwezvicherwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowira pasi petsananguro ye flotation.
Hunhu hwepamusoro pemaminerari hunoreva hunhu hwepanyama, hwemakemikari nezvimwe zviri pamusoro pemaminerari, zvakaita sekunyorova kwepamusoro, hunhu hwemagetsi pamusoro, pamwe nerudzi, kuwanda uye kushanda kwezvisungo zvemakemikari zvemaatomu epamusoro. Musiyano uripo muhunhu hwepamusoro hwemaminerari akasiyana. Kusiyana kwakadaro kwehunhu kunogonesa kupatsanurwa nekuwedzerwa kwezvicherwa nerubatsiro rwema "phase interfaces", ndosaka maitiro ekutenderera achisanganisira gasi, mvura uye yakasimba "three-phase interfaces".
Kugadziriswa kwekugadzira kunogona kushandura hunhu hwepamusoro pemaminerari kuti kuwedzere musiyano wehunhu hwepamusoro pakati pezvikamu zvinokosha zvemaminerari nezvimedu zvegangue kuti zvive nyore kupatsanurana. Mukushanda kweflotation,zvinhu zvinoyangararaZvinowanzo shandiswa kugadzirisa zvimiro zvezvicherwa, kuwedzera kusiyana kwehunhu pakati pezvicherwa zvakasiyana, kuwedzera kana kuderedza kushaya simba kwemvura pamusoro pezvicherwa, kudzora nekudzora mashandiro ezvicherwa, uye pakupedzisira kuwana mhedzisiro yepamusoro yekuparadzanisa. Saka, kushandiswa nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji yeflotation zvakabatana zvakanyanya nezvinogadzirisa flotation.
Kusiyana nezvinoumba zvicherwa zvakaita sehuwandu hwezvinhu uye kugona kwemagnetic izvo zvakaoma kugadzirisa, zvinenge zvese zvinhu zvepamusoro pemaminerari zvinogona kugadziriswa kuti pave nekusiyana kwezvicherwa pakati pezvinhu zvinofanirwa kupatsanurwa. Nekuda kweizvi, flotation inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvandudza zvicherwa uye inonzi nzira yekugadzira zvicherwa; inoonekwa senzira inonyanya kushandiswa uye inoshanda zvikuru yekuparadzanisa kunyanya pazvinhu zvakapfava uye zvakapfava zvakanyanya.
02 Mashandisirwo eFlotation
Kugadzira zvicherwa ibasa rekugadzira zvinhu zvekugadzira simbi nemaindasitiri emakemikari, uye kugadzira furo kwashanduka kuita imwe yenzira dzakakosha dzekugadzira zvicherwa. Mhando dzese dzezvicherwa dzinogona kupatsanurwa kuburikidza nekusanganisa zvinhu.
Parizvino, kutenderera kwesimbi kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuwedzera simbi nesimbi nemanganese, zvakaita sehematite, siderite neilmenite; simbi dzinokosha dzine goridhe nesirivha; simbi dzisina simbi dzinosanganisira mhangura, lead, zinc, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum neantimony, dzichifukidza sulfide minerals dzakadai segalena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite nemolybdenite, pentlandite, pamwe chete ne oxide minerals dzakadai semalachite, cerussite, hemimorphite, cassiterite newolframite. Inoshandiswawo mukupatsanura non-metallic salt minerals kusanganisira fluorite, apatite nebarite, soluble salt minerals dzakadai sesylvite nerock salt, pamwe chete ne non-metallic ne silicate minerals dzakadai se coal, graphite, sulfur, diamond, quartz, mica, feldspar ne beryl, spodumene.
Ruzivo rwakawanda rwekushanda rwaunganidzwa uye matekinoroji akafanana ari kuramba achifambira mberi muindasitiri yekugadzirisa zvicherwa kuburikidza nekuvandudza kugadzirwa kwezvicherwa. Zvicherwa zvisina kunaka uye zvakaoma kunzwisisa zvaimboonekwa sezvisina kukosha mukutengeserana zvino zvinogona kuwanikwazve uye kushandiswazve sezviwanikwa zvechipiri kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwezvicherwa.
Sezvo zviwanikwa zvezvicherwa zviri kuramba zvichiderera zvishoma nezvishoma, zvicherwa zvinokosha zvinoparadzirwa mumhando dzakapfava uye dzakaoma mukati mematombo, zvichikonzera kukura kwematambudziko ekuparadzanisa. Panguva iyi, kuti vaderedze mari yekugadzira, maindasitiri anosanganisira zvinhu zvesimbi uye mainjiniya emakemikari anoisa zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pamhando uye kunyatsojeka kwezvicherwa zvakaparadzaniswa zvinoshandiswa sechikafu chekugadzirisa.
Zvakatarisana nezvinodiwa zviviri zvekuvandudza mhando ye concentrate uye kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuparadzanisa zvicherwa zvakakura, flotation inoonekwa seyakanakira zvikuru kupfuura mamwe matekinoroji ekuparadzanisa uye yave nzira inonyanya kushandiswa uye inovimbisa yekugadzirisa zvicherwa. Pakutanga yaishandiswa chete pakuparadzanisa zvicherwa zve sulfide, flotation yave ichiwedzerwa zvishoma nezvishoma kune zvicherwa zve oxide uye zvisiri zvesimbi, nemabhiriyoni ematani ezvicherwa zvinogadziriswa pasi rose nekupatsanurwa gore rega rega mazuva ano.
Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, tekinoroji yekufambisa zvinhu yakatyora muganhu weinjiniya yekugadzira zvicherwa uye yakawana kushandiswa kuri kuwedzera muzvikamu zvekuchengetedza nharaunda, simbi, kugadzira mapepa, kurima, makemikari, kugadzira chikafu, sainzi yezvinhu, mishonga uye biotechnology.
Mashandisirwo akajairika emaindasitiri anosanganisira kudzoreredza zvinhu zvinokosha kubva muzvigadzirwa zvepakati, zvinhu zvinoputika uye tsvina mu pyrometallurgy kuburikidza nekudonha; kuburitsa zvinhu zvinobatsira kubva mumarara e leaching uye cementation precipitates ye hydrometallurgy; kubvisa mapepa emarara uye fiber kubva mu pulping liquor muindasitiri yemakemikari; pamwe nemaitiro einjiniya yezvakatipoteredza akadai sekuburitsa zvakanyanya crude kubva mujecha rerwizi, kubvisa tsvina yakaoma, colloids, mabhakitiriya uye tsvina yesimbi kubva mumvura yakasviba.
Nekuvandudzwa kuri kuitwa maitiro ekugadzira zvinhu zvinofamba nemhepo uye kubuda kwezvishandiso zvitsva zvinofamba nemhepo zvine simba, kugadzira zvinhu zvinofamba nemhepo kuchashandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akawanda. Kunyange zvakadaro, pane zvipingamupinyi zviripo pakushandisa kugadzira zvinhu zvinofamba nemhepo: zvichienzaniswa nekupatsanurwa kwemagineti nekupatsanurwa kwegiravhiti, kugadzira zvinhu zvinofamba nemhepo kunodya zvinhu zvakawanda zvinofamba nemhepo uye kunounza mari yakawanda yekugadzira; kunoisa mitemo yakasimba pahukuru hwezvimedu zvekudya; zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokanganisa mashandiro ekugadzira zvinhu zvinofamba nemhepo uye zvinosimudzira mwero wekudzora maitiro; zvinhu zvinofamba nemhepo zvinotakura zvinhu zvinofamba nemhepo zvinokanganisawo nharaunda.
03 Zviri Mukati meKutsvagurudza kweFlotation
Maitiro ekuyangarara anosanganisira kudyidzana pakati pezvikamu zvezvicherwa zvakasimba uye nzira dzekuparadzanisa (mvura negasi). Zvidzidzo zvikuru zvekutsvaga zvinofukidza misimboti mikuru yekuyangarara, ma reagents ekuyangarara, michina yekuyangarara uye maitiro ekuyangarara.
Dzidziso huru dzeflotation dzinotarisa pakugona kutenderera kwemineral uye hunhu hweinterfacial panguva yekupatsanurwa, kusanganisira kutsvagisa nezvehunhu hweinterfacial, interphase interactions uye mashandiro e mineralization emabubbles emhepo. Kutsvagisa nezveflotation reagents kunotarisa pakupatsanurwa kwe reagent, chimiro chemamorekuru, hunhu hwe physicochemical, mashandiro, matekiniki ekugadzirira uye ma protocol ekushandisa mumunda. Zvidzidzo zvemichina yeflotation zvinosanganisira magadzirirwo emidziyo, misimboti yekushanda uye mamiriro anoshanda. Kutsvagisa kweflotation process kunofukidza kurongeka kwe process circuit, pesvedzero uye kutonga kwe parameters dzetekinoroji pamwe ne regimens yekuwedzera reagent, zvichiwedzerwa ne practical application research yemhando dzakasiyana dze ore.
Nzira yekuongorora flotation inosanganisira mativi akasiyana-siyana akadai se process mineralogy, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, physical chemistry (interfacial chemistry ne colloid chemistry), fluid mechanics, mechanical engineering, automatic detection technology uye techno-economic analysis.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-04-2026