Ko te āhuatanga horoi o ngā matū horoi te āhuatanga matua me ngā tono tino whaihua. He hononga tata ki te oranga o ia rā o ngā mano tini o ngā whare, ā, kei te piki haere te whakamahinga i roto i ngā momo ahumahi me ngā momo whakaputanga ahumahi katoa.
Ko ngā matū horoi horoi ngā matū matua o ngā hopi horoi. Kāore e taea te whakamahi i ngā hopi horoi hangai me te kore he matū horoi horoi. I roto i ngā momo SAA katoa, ko ngā matū horoi horoi anionic te mea tuatahi i whakamahia, ā, koinei tonu te wāhanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana, e neke atu ana i te 50% o te katoa o te tono mākete. Ka mau tonu te tūranga matua o ngā matū horoi anionic mō tētahi wā kei te heke mai.
I. Ngā Kaihoroi Anionic
Ko ngā momo matua o ngā matū horoi anionic e whakamahia ana hei hopi horoi ko ngā tote waikawa ngako (ngā hopi), ngā alkylbenzene sulfonates (ABS), ngā sulfate waipiro ngako (AS), ngā sulfate waipiro ngako polyoxyethylene ether (AES), ngā sulfonates alpha-olefin (AOS), ngā polyoxyethylene ether carboxylates waipiro ngako (AEC), me ngā sulfonates waikawa ngako methyl ester (MES).
1. Hōpi
He utu kino kei te wāhanga hohe-mata o ngā ngota hopi, ā, kei roto i ēnei ko ngā tote konutai me te pāhare pākawa o ngā waikawa ngako mekameka roa, tata ki te 25%. Hei momo hopi e whakamahia whānuitia ana, he nui ngā rauemi mata, he watea te whakarite, ā, he iti te utu. I roto i te ahumahi, ka hangaia mā te whakapūkara i ngā rauemi mata pēnei i te hiako kau me te ngako hipi ki te kawakore kaha, ā, muri iho ka tāpirihia he tote me te wehenga o te glycerol. Ko tōna ngoikoretanga nui ko te tūtaki ki ngā iona konganuku takirua me ngā iona toru-wāhanga pēnei i te Ca²⁺, te Mg²⁺ me te Fe²⁺ i roto i te wairewa, ka hanga he hopi konupūmā, he hopi konupora rānei, he tino iti te wairewa, ā, ka ngaro te kaha horoi o te hopi.
2. Ngā Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (ABS)
He mea nui te konutai alkylbenzene sulfonate (R-C₆H₆-SO₃Na) hei matū horoi anionic. He pai te wairewatanga ki te wai, ā, tata tonu te ionized. He tino wairewa ōna tote konupūmā me te konupūmā ki te wai, ā, he tino ātete ki te wai mārō. I roto i ngā alkylbenzene sulfonates, he iti te utu o te linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS), he kaha ki te horoi, he ngāwari ki te pirau, ā, he pai ki te taiao. Nō reira, tae noa mai ki tēnei wā, kāore he atu matū horoi e whakamahia ana hei matū hopi e taea te whakataetae ki te LAS i roto i te mahi hangarau me ngā painga ōhanga, e whakanuia ana ko ia te pou matua o te umanga hopi hangai puta noa i te ao. Ko te nuinga o te whakamahinga i roto i ngā hopi ahumahi me ngā hopi whare. Ko ngā hua matua ko te konutai dodecylbenzene sulfonate me te pānga horoi pai, me te konutai octadecylbenzene sulfonate e whakamanamana ana ki te hopi kaha rawa atu i roto i te raupapa konutai alkylbenzene sulfonate.
3. Alpha-Olefin Sulfonates (AOS)
He matū hopi hopi tino pai te AOS. E whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā hopi horoi ringa, ngā hopi horoi makawe, ngā kaukau mirumiru, ngā hopi horoi rihi, ngā hopi horoi ahumahi me ngā hopi horoi kakahu.
4. Ngā Sulfonates Methyl Ester Waikawa Ngako (MES)
I roto i tōna hanganga ngota, ko te R e tohu ana i tētahi rōpū alkyl, ā, ko te R' e tohu ana i tētahi rōpū methyl. Mō te mahi horoi, ko te R me ngā mekameka waro C16 me te C18 te mea tino pai, ko te R me te mekameka waro C14 te mea e whakarato ana i te ātete wai mārō tino pai. Ko te MES he matū horoi i ahu mai i ngā hinu me ngā ngako tūturu, he tino pai te mahi horoi me te kaha tohatoha hopi konupūmā. He tino hototahi ki te zeolite, ā, he pai mō te hanga hopi horoi kākahu kore-fosphorus. He nui ake te kaha tohatoha hopi konupūmā i tō te LAS, he mea e pai ana mō te hanga me te tono hopi whakakotahi me ngā hopi horoi kākahu e hangai ana ki te hopi.
5. Ngā Ngāwhā Waipiro Ngako (AS) me ngā Ngāwhā Waipiro Ngako Etera (AES)
Ko te tātai whānui o AS ko ROSO₃Na, ā, he pai te horoi o te AS me te R hei mekameka waro C14~C16. Ko te tātai whānui o AES ko RO(C₂H₄O)ₙSO₃Na, ā, ko te AES me te R hei mekameka waro C14~C15 me te n=1–2 e whakaatu ana i te pai o te horoi. He pai te pirau o te AS me te AES, he kaha te horoi, ā, he pai te āhua pahuka, he pai mō te hanga hopi pahuka nui. Ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā hopi horoi ngāwari te tiaki me ngā hopi horoi huruhuru, ā, he whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā kaukau mirumiru, ngā hopi makawe, ngā mea whakapaipai, ngā hopi horoi rihi ringa, ngā hopi horoi huawhenua me ngā hopi horoi whare.
Tuarua.Ngā Kaihoroi Kore-Ionic
He tino pai te hopi horoi a ngā matū horoi kore-ionic ki ngā paru hinuhinu, ā, he kaha hoki ki te ārai i te taunga anō ki ngā muka hangai. He tino ātete ki te wai mārō me ngā electrolytes kukū-teitei. Ko te painga nui o ngā matū horoi kore-ionic polyoxyethylene kei roto i te āheinga ki te whakarerekē i ō rātou wāhanga hydrophobic me hydrophilic. Ka taea te whakarite i te maha o ngā wae EO kia urutau ki ngā momo papa me te whakatutuki i te hopi horoi tino pai.
1.Waipiro Āriki Polyoxyethylene Ether
Tātai whānui: RO(C₂H₄O)ₙH, ko R = C₁₂~C₁₈, ā, ka taea te whakarerekē i te n. He nui te mahi horoi o tēnei momo matū, e whakaatuhia ana i roto i ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei: he iti te kukū micelle whakahirahira (cmc), ko te tikanga ka taea te pupuri i te hopi teitei ahakoa i ngā kukū iti, he kaha te horoi, me te ātete ki te rewa anō i te oneone i te wā e horoi ana i ngā muka hangai. Ka tukuna hoki e ia he mahi horoi pāmahana iti pai. Ka puta mai he rite ki te whakapiri mā ki te kōwhai marama i te pāmahana rūma, ā, ka wairewa ki te wai, me ngā āhuatanga emulsifying, cleaning me te makuku. Ka whakamahia whānuitia i roto i ngā hopi whare me ngā hopi ahumahi me ngā hopi whakarewa.
2. Polyoxyethylene Alkyl Phenol Ether
I roto i te tātai, ko te R te nuinga o te octyl, nonyl me te dodecyl, me te uara n ka taea te whakarerekē. He kaha tōna kaha ki te tango i ngā paru hinu me te ngako. Ko ngā hua noa ko te raupapa OP, te raupapa OPE me te raupapa SOPE. He tino pai te ātete ki te waikawa me te kawakore me te ātete ki te wai mārō, ā, he mahi hei whakakore i te poke, hei whakamakuku me te whakaemulsification, e tika ana mō ngā tukatuka whakarewa me ngā kaihoko horoi ahumahi.
3. Alkyl Polyglycoside (APG)
E whakanuia ana te alkyl polyglycoside hei surfactant kore-ionic hou o te ao.
Ngā Painga o te APG:
He nui te ngohe ā-mata, ā, he tino iti te kukū o te mata;
Kāore he ira kapua, ā, he tino pai te pumau o te pāmahana tiketike;
He tino pai te mahi horoi, he kaha te pahuka, he pai te mākū, he kaha te whakaemulsifying me te pumau o te marara;
He pai ake i ngā momo surfactants katoa e pā ana ki te kore paitini, te iti o te riri o te kiri, me te pirau.
Nō reira, he mea tino pai ki ngā ahumahi maha tae atu ki te hopi horoi, te whakapaipai, te tukatuka kai me te rongoā. Nā te mea he ngāwari ki te horoi me te kore e mimiti, he tino pai mō ngā hopi horoi rihi me ngā hopi horoi pounamu.
Ko ngā whakamahinga matua o te APG i roto i ngā hopi horoi koia ēnei:
Ngā Hopi Kaukau me te Makawe: He ngawari ngā hua i hangaia ki te APG, kāore e whakapataritari i te kiri, he nui te pahuka, ā, ka taea te whakamahi hei ārai i te mate i te wā e horoi ana i te makawe. He wai te nuinga o ngā hua, ā, ka taea hoki te hanga hei paera hopi.
Ngā Hopi Horoi Rīhi: He pai te pahuka o ngā hopi horoi rihi APG, he pai ki te kiri, he whakamarie hoki te pa ki te ringa i muri i te whakamahinga, ā, he ngawari ki te horoi me te kore e toe he tohu.
Ngā Hopi Horoi: He tino pai te hopi horoi a te APG i whakamahia ki ngā hopi horoi. Ka taea e ia te horoi i ngā momo papanga pēnei i te miro, te huruhuru hipi me te polyester, ka tango pai i ngā paru paru me te hinu. Ka hoatu hoki e ia he ngohengohe ki ngā papanga, he āhuatanga ārai-patū me te ātete ki te mimiti, ā, ka taea te hanga hei hopi horoi e pupuri ana i te mahi horoi pai ahakoa i roto i te wai mārō.
Te Horoi Papa Mārō: Haunga te horoi rihi, ka taea te whakamahi i te APG hei horoi i ētahi atu papa mārō. Ka taea te whakamahi hei whakauru hopi hei whakarite i ngā hopi horoi e tika ana mō ngā āhuatanga waikawa kaha, ā, ka taea hoki te ārai i te waikura me te waikura waikawa o ngā konganuku ferrous.
III. Ngā Kaihoroi Zwitterionic
He pai, he kino hoki ngā utu o roto i ō rātou hanganga ngota. Nā te hanganga ngota motuhake, kei a rātou ēnei āhuatanga e whai ake nei i te whakamahinga: he iti te paitini, he iti hoki te riri ki te kiri me ngā kanohi; he tino pai te pirau me te hototahi; he pai te mākū, te horoi me te pahuka. Ka whakarōpūtia ēnei ki ngā momo e whai ake nei ina whakamahia hei hopi horoi.
Momo Waikawa Amino N-Acyl
Ko te nuinga o ēnei e whakamahia ana hei rauemi turanga mō ngā hopi horoi me ngā kaihoroi, ā, he ātete ki ngā waikawa ngoikore me te wai mārō. Ko ētahi tauira ko te N-acyl polyamino (polypeptide) carboxylate me te Remipon A (Hopi horoi 613, sodium oleoylamino polypeptide carboxylate).
Ka hangaia te Remipon A mai i te whakapūpūtanga o te acyl chloride momona me ngā waikawa polyamino i whiwhihia mā te hydrolysis pūmua. Nō reira, he iti te riri me te paitini, he pai mō ngā mahi whakapaipai. He kaha te kaha o te hopi raima ki te horapa, te horoi me te whakaemulsifying o te Remipon A. Ka whakamahia hei hopi horoi me te whakaemulsifier i roto i te umanga kakahu, ā, he pai mō te horoi i te hiraka me te huruhuru hipi nā te mea he ngawari te kaha ki te tango hinu.
He tino pai te hopi horoi a ngā matū horoi Zwitterionic betaine mō ngā papanga miro me ngā papanga polyester/miro kua whakaranua, ā, he tino pai te mahi horoi a ngā hydroxysulfobetaines. Ko tētahi tauira noa ko te Lauryl Dimethyl Betaine.
He wai mārama, kāore he tae, he kowhai māwhero rānei. He rite tōna mahi ki te surfactant cationic i roto i ngā wai waikawa, me te surfactant anionic i roto i ngā wai kawakore, ā, he ngāwari te pirau. He tino pai te mahi pahuka, ā, ka taea te whakangawari i te makawe, he pai mō te hanga hopi horoi makawe ngawari me ngā hopi horoi pēpi. He pai te ātete ki te wai mārō, ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga hopi horoi wai mārō, ā, hei patu huakita hoki.
Wā tuku: Mei-07-2026