Hunhu hwekusuka hwema surfactants ndicho chinhu chikuru chinobatsira pakushanda kwawo. Hune chekuita nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwezviuru zvemhuri uye huri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana uye mumhando dzakasiyana dzekugadzira maindasitiri.
Masurfactants ndiwo zvinhu zvikuru zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira sipo. Masurfactants ekugadzira aisazovapo pasina masurfactants. Pakati pemhando dzese dzeSAA, masurfactants eanionic ndiwo akatanga kushandiswa uye anoramba ari echikamu chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, parizvino achitora anopfuura 50% yehuwandu hwese hunodiwa pamusika. Masurfactants eanionic acharamba achitonga kwenguva yakati rebei mune ramangwana.
I. Anionic Surfactants
Mhando huru dze anionic surfactants dzinoshandiswa se detergent dzinosanganisira fatty acid salts (sipo), alkylbenzene sulfonates (ABS), fatty alcohol sulfates (AS), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfates (AES), alpha-olefin sulfonates (AOS), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether carboxylates (AEC), uye fatty acid methyl ester sulfonates (MES).
1. Sipo
Chikamu chinoshanda pamusoro pemamorekuru esipo chine chaji yakaipa, pakati pacho sodium nepotassium salts ye long-chain fatty acids inosvika 25%. Semhando yesipo inonyanya kushandiswa, ine zvinhu zvakawanda, inogadzirwa zviri nyore uye inodhura zvishoma. Mumaindasitiri, inowanzo gadzirwa nekusanganisa zvinhu zvakaita se beef tallow ne mutton fat ne alkali yakasimba, ichiteverwa ne salting out uye kupatsanurwa kwe glycerol. Dambudziko rayo guru nderekuti kana ikasangana ne divalent ne trivalent metal ions dzakadai seCa²⁺, Mg²⁺ naFe²⁺ mumvura ine mvura, inozogadzira calcium sipo kana magnesium sipo ine kunyungudika kwakaderera, nokudaro ichirasikirwa nekusvibiswa kwesipo.
2. Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (ABS)
Sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate (R-C₆H₆-SO₃Na) chinhu chakakosha cheanionic surfactant. Chinonyungudika zvakanaka mumvura uye chakanyatsoiswa ionized. Munyu wayo wecalcium nemagnesium unonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura, zvichiita kuti ive nekudzivirira mvura kwakasimba. Pakati pealkylbenzene sulfonates, linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) inodhura zvishoma, ine simba mu detergent, inoora nyore uye isingakuvadzi nharaunda. Saka, kusvika pari zvino, hapana chimwe chinhu chinoshandiswa se detergent chinogona kukwikwidzana neLAS mukushanda kwehunyanzvi uye mabhenefiti ehupfumi, zvichiita kuti izivikanwe senzvimbo huru muindasitiri ye detergent yekugadzira pasi rese. Inonyanya kushandiswa muma detergent emumaindasitiri nepamba. Zvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate ine washing effect yakanaka, uye sodium octadecylbenzene sulfonate ine detergent yakasimba mu sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate series.
3. Alpha-Olefin Sulfonates (AOS)
AOS chinhu chinoshanda zvikuru chinobvisa tsvina. Chinonyanya kushandiswa mukuchenesa maoko, shampoo, mabhati ekugezesa, sipo dzekusuka ndiro, mishonga yekuchenesa yemumaindasitiri uye sipo dzekuwacha.
4. Mafuta Ane Acid Methyl Ester Sulfonates (MES)
Muchimiro chayo chemamorekuru, R inomiririra boka realkyl uye R' inomiririra boka remethyl. Pakushanda kwedetergent, R ine C16 neC18 carbon chains inoshanda zvakanyanya, nepo R ine C14 carbon chain inopa kudzivirira kwakanyanya kwemvura yakaoma. MES i surfactant inobva mumafuta echisikigo nemafuta, ine simba rakanaka rekusuka uye simba rakasimba rekupararira nesipo yecalcium. Inoenderana zvakanaka ne zeolite uye yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwe sipo yekuwachira isina phosphorus. Simba rayo rekupararira nesipo yecalcium rakakwira kupfuura reLAS, iro rinobatsira pakugadzirwa nekushandiswa kwesipo yakagadzirwa nesipo uye sipo.
5. Mafuta Ane Alcohol Sulfates (AS) uye Mafuta Ane Ether Sulfates (AES)
Fomura yakajairika yeAS iROSO₃Na, uye AS ine R seC14~C16 carbon chains inoratidza detergent yakanaka. Fomura yakajairika yeAES iRO(C₂H₄O)ₙSO₃Na, uye AES ine R seC14~C15 carbon chains uye n=1–2 inoratidza kushanda zvakanaka kwekuwachisa. AS neAES zvese zvine detegradability yakanaka, detergent yakasimba uye furo rakanaka, zvichiita kuti zvikodzere kugadzira detergents dzine furo rakawanda. Dzinoshanda kuma detergents ari nyore kuchengetedza uye detergents dzemvere, uye dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumabhavhu ebubble, shampoos dzebvudzi, cosmetics, detergents dzekusuka ndiro nemaoko, detergents dzemiriwo uye detergents dzemumba.
II.Zvisiri zveionic surfactants
Ma-surfactant asina ionic anoratidza hunyoro hwakanaka pakudzivirira ivhu rine mafuta uye kugona kwakasimba kudzivirira kudzoserwa patsva pafibers dzekugadzira. Ane kutsungirira kwakanyanya kumvura yakaoma uye ma electrolytes ane concentration yakawanda. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha che polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants ndechekuti anogona kugadziriswa ne hydrophobic uye hydrophilic moieties. Huwandu hwema EO units hunogona kugadziriswa kuti huenderane ne substrates dzakasiyana uye kuwana hunyoro hwakakodzera.
1.Polyoxyethylene Alkyl Alcohol Ether
Fomura yakajairika: RO(C₂H₄O)ₙH, apo R = C₁₂~C₁₈ uye n zvinogadziriswa. Rudzi urwu rwemusanganiswa rune basa rekuwacha zvakanyanya, zvinoratidzwa muzvinhu zvinotevera: huwandu hushoma hwe micelle concentration (cmc), zvinoreva kuti mvura yakawanda inogona kucheneswa kunyangwe paine huwandu hushoma, simba rekuwacha, uye ivhu rinoramba richibviswa pakuchenesa machira ekugadzira. Inoitawo kuti iwache zvakanaka pakupisa kushoma. Inoita sependi chena kusvika yero pakupisa kwemumba uye inonyungudika mumvura, ine hunhu hwe emulsifying, cleaning uye wetting. Inonyanya kushandiswa mu sipo dzemumba nedzemumaindasitiri pamwe ne simbi cleaners.
2. Polyoxyethylene Alkyl Phenol Ether
Mufomura, R inonyanya kushandiswa octyl, nonyl uye dodecyl, ine huwandu hunogadziriswa hwe n. Inoratidzwa nekukwanisa kwayo kubvisa mavara emafuta nemafuta. Zvigadzirwa zvakajairika zvinosanganisira OP series, OPE series uye SOPE series. Zvine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira acid nealkali pamwe nekushivirira mvura yakaoma, uye zvine mabasa ekubvisa kusvibiswa, kunyorovesa uye emulsification, zvinoshanda kune simbi inogadzirwa uye inocheneswa mumaindasitiri.
3. Alkyl Polyglycoside (APG)
Alkyl polyglycoside inorumbidzwa semushonga mutsva wepasi rose usiri weionic surfactant.
Mabhenefiti eAPG:
Kushanda kwakanyanya kwepaface uye kushushikana kwepadenga kwakaderera zvakanyanya;
Hapana nzvimbo yegore uye kugadzikana kwakanaka kwazvo pakupisa kwepamusoro;
Kushanda zvakanaka kwekuwachisa, simba rakasimba rekuburitsa furo, kunyorovesa zvakanaka, kugona kusanganisa mvura uye kugadzikana kwekupararira;
Yakanakisisa kupfuura marudzi ese aripo emasurfactants panyaya yekusava nehupfu, kusatsamwisa ganda zvishoma uye kuora kwemuviri.
Saka, inofarirwa zvikuru nemaindasitiri akawanda anosanganisira sipo, zvizoro, kugadzira chikafu uye maindasitiri emishonga. Nekuda kwekusuka kwayo zviri nyore uye isina marara, inonyanya kukodzera sipo yekugeza ndiro uye yekuchenesa mabhodhoro.
Mamiriro makuru ekushandiswa kweAPG mumasikisi ekuchenesa ndeaya anotevera:
Zvishongedzo zvekugeza nebvudzi: Zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa neAPG hazvina kunyorova uye hazvitsamwisi ganda zvine furo rakakora uye rakapfava, uye zvinogona kudzivirira kupararira kweganda panguva yekugeza shampoo. Zvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvine mvura uye zvinogonawo kugadzirwa kuita sipo.
Madhishi ekugeza ndiro: Sipo dzekugeza ndiro dzakavakirwa paAPG dzinoshanda zvakanaka pakuburitsa furo, dzinoshanda zvakanaka paganda uye dzinonzwa zvakanaka nemaoko mushure mekushandisa, uye dziri nyore kusuka pasina kusiya mavanga.
Madhishi ekuwachisa: APG inoshandiswa mudhishi rekuwachisa inoita kuti pave nekushambidzika kwakanaka. Inogona kuchenesa machira akasiyana-siyana akadai sedonje, mvere dzemakwai nepolyester, ichibvisa tsvina yevhu nemafuta zvinobudirira. Inopawo machira kupfava, simba rekudzivirira static uye kuramba kudonha, uye inogona kugadzirwa kuita dishiti dzekuwachisa dzinochengetedza kushanda zvakanaka kwekuwachisa kunyangwe mumvura yakaoma.
Kuchenesa Nzvimbo Dzakaoma: Kunze kwekusuka ndiro, APG inogona kushandiswa kuchenesa dzimwe nzvimbo dzakaoma. Inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chinoshanda kugadzira sipo dzinoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu ane acid yakasimba, uye inogona kudzivirira simbi dzesimbi kubva mukuora kweasidhi uye kuoxidation.
III. Zvishandiso zveZwitterionic
Maumbirwo emamorekuru avo ane zvese zvakanaka nezvakaipa. Nekuda kwechimiro chavo chakakosha chemamorekuru, vane zvinotevera mukushandiswa kwavo: chepfu shoma uye kusatsamwisa kwakanyanya paganda nemaziso; kuora kwehupenyu uye kuenderana kwavo zvakanaka; kunyorovesa, kubvisa tsvina uye kuburitsa furo zvakanaka. Vanoiswa muzvikamu zvinotevera kana vachishandiswa sechinongedzo.
N-Acyl Amino Acid Rudzi
Anonyanya kushandiswa sezvinhu zvekutanga zvemashampoos nemishonga yekuchenesa, uye haapindi muacids dzisina simba nemvura yakaoma. Mienzaniso inosanganisira N-acyl polyamino (polypeptide) carboxylate uye Remipon A (Detergent 613, sodium oleoylamino polypeptide carboxylate).
Remipon A inogadzirwa kubva mukusanganiswa kwemafuta acyl chloride ne polyamino acids zvinowanikwa ne protein hydrolysis. Saka haina kushatirwa kwakanyanya uye ine chepfu shoma, zvichiita kuti ikodzere kushandiswa muzvizoro. Remipon A ine simba rakasimba rekuparadzanisa sipo ye lime, detergent uye emulsifying. Inoshandiswa se sipo uye emulsifier muindasitiri yemachira, uye yakakodzera kushambidza sirika nemvere nekuda kwekugona kwayo kubvisa mafuta zvishoma.
Zvishandiso zve Zwitterionic betaine zvinopa hunyoro hwakanaka hwekuchenesa machira edonje uye machira akasanganiswa ne polyester/donje, uye hydroxysulfobetaines inoshanda zvakanaka panguva yekugeza. Muenzaniso wakajairika ndiLauryl Dimethyl Betaine.
Imvura isina ruvara kana yero yakachenuruka inoonekera. Inoshanda se cationic surfactant mu acidic media uye se anionic surfactant mu alkaline media, uye inoora nyore nyore. Inoita furo rakanaka uye inogona kunyorovesa bvudzi, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kugadzira shampoo dzakapfava, dzinogadzirisa bvudzi pamwe chete neshampoo dzevana vacheche. Nekukwanisa kudzivirira mvura, inogona kushandiswa kugadzira sipo yemvura yakaoma uye inoshandawo semushonga unodzivirira bhakitiriya.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-07-2026