Kushandiswa kweVanosurfactants muHighway Engineering

Ma-surfactant (anozivikanwawo sezvinhu zvinoshanda pamusoro pevhu) anobatsira zvikuru mukusimudzira maindasitiri nekurima, zvichibatsira kuwana mhedzisiro yakakosha nechiyero chidiki. Kunyanya mushure meHondo Yenyika II, nekukura kweindasitiri yemafuta, indasitiri yesurfactant yakagadzirwa nekukurumidza yakasimudzira kushandiswa kwema-surfactant munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai sepetroleum, machira, mishonga yezvipembenene, kurapwa, simbi, migodhi, michina, kuvaka, migwagwa, ndege, chikafu, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuwacha nekudhaya, nezvimwewo. Chinyorwa chino chichatarisa pakuisa kushandiswa kwema-surfactant seasphalt emulsifiers muinjiniya yemigwagwa.

1.Tsananguro yeZvinoshandisa ma surfactants

Vanhu vakaona kuti mukugadzira kwenguva refu, mhinduro dzezvimwe zvinhu dzinogona kushandura zvakanyanya hunhu hwepamusoro hwezvinonyungudutsa kunyangwe pahuwandu hwakaderera, zvichiita kuti zvikwanise kugadzirwa, zvakaita sekuderedza kusimba kwepamusoro kana kusimba kweinterfacial yezvinonyungudutsa, kuwedzera kunyorova, detergent, emulsifying uye furo, nezvimwewo. Sipo, iyo inowanzoshandiswa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakadaro. Hunhu hunozivikanwa hwezvinhu zvakaita sesipo ndehwekuti kuwedzera huwandu hushoma mumvura kunogona kuderedza kusimba kwepamusoro kwemvura zvakanyanya.

Nekufambira mberi kwesainzi netekinoroji uye kukura kwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu, vanhu vakaita tsvakiridzo yakadzama pamusoro pehunhu nemabasa ezvinhu zvakadaro uye vakapa tsananguro chaiyo yezvinonyungudutsa. Kureva kuti, chinhu chinonyungudutsa ikemikari inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kushushikana kwepadenga (kana liquid-liquid interfacial tension) yechinhu chinonyungudutsa (kazhinji mvura) pahuwandu hwakaderera, kuchinja mamiriro epamusoro pehurongwa, nokudaro zvichigadzira mhedzisiro dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai sekunyorovesa nekudzivirira kunyorovesa, emulsification ne demulsification, dispersion ne coagulation, furo ne defoaming, uye solubilization.

2. Hunhu hwemaumbirwo ema surfactants

Mamorekuru eSurfactant ane zvikamu zviviri zvine hunhu hwakasiyana zvachose: chikamu chimwe iboka reLipophilic (rinozivikanwawo seboka reHydrophobic) rine hukama nemafuta, uye chimwe chikamu iboka reHydrophilic (rinozivikanwawo seboka reOleophobic) rine hukama nemvura. Hunhu uhwu hwemaSurfactants hunokonzera kuti, pazvinonyunguduka mumvura, mapoka eHydrophilic akwezvwe nemamorekuru emvura, nepo mapoka eLipophilic achidzingwa nemamorekuru emvura. Kuti vakunde mamiriro aya asina kugadzikana, vanofanirwa kugara pamusoro pemvura, mapoka eLipophilic achitambanukira mumhepo uye mapoka eHydrophilic achitambanukira mumvura.

Kunyangwe chimiro chemamorekuru esurfactant chiri chekuti mamorekuru e amphiphilic, haasi mamorekuru ese e amphiphilic ari ma surfactants. Zvinhu zve amphiphilic chete zvine chikamu che lipophilic chakareba zvakakwana ndizvo ma surfactants.

Semuenzaniso, munhevedzano yemafuta ane acid sodium salts, makemikari ane maatomu mashoma ekabhoni (akadai sesodium formate, sodium acetate, sodium propionate, sodium butyrate, nezvimwewo) ese ane mapoka e lipophilic ne hydrophilic uye ane basa repamusoro, asi haashande sesipo saka haagone kunzi ma surfactants. Kana huwandu hwemaatomu ekabhoni hukawedzera kusvika pamwero wakati ndipo panoratidza basa repamusoro uye hune hunhu hwesipo. Mafuta mazhinji emhuka nemiti nemafuta echisikigo ane ma fatty acid esters ane maatomu ekabhoni gumi kusvika gumi nemasere. Kana ma acid aya akabatanidzwa neboka re hydrophilic, anozova ma surfactants ane huwandu hwakati hwe lipophilicity ne hydrophilicity, uye ane kunyungudika kwakanaka.

3.Kushandiswa kweSurfactants muUinjiniya hweMigwagwa

3.1.Zvinoshandisa ma surfactants uyezvinosanganisa asphalt

Asphalt emulsifier rudzi rwe surfactant. Emulsifiers nema detergents ane hunyanzvi hwakadai se adsorptivity, orientation, kugona kugadzira colloidal ions, uye kugona kuderedza interfacial tension. Zvisinei, se emulsifier, inofanirawo kuva nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira firimu. Kunyanya kune asphalt emulsifiers, dzinofanirwa kuva ne alkanes ine carbon chain yakakodzera kuti iite emulsify zviri nani ne asphalt.

3.2.Kupatsanurwa kweasphalt emulsifiers

MaEmulsifier anopatsanurwa mumhando dzeionic nedzisiri ionic zvichienderana nekuti mapoka ehydrophilic emamorekuru eemulsifier ane macharges here kana maemulsifier achinyungudutswa mumvura. MaIonic emulsifier anopatsanurwazve mumhando dzecationic, anionic, uye amphoteric ionic nekuda kwekusiyana kwemari inotakurwa nemapoka avo ehydrophilic mushure meionization mumvura.

Zvishandiso zve emulsifier zve anionic asphalt zvakachipa uye zvinowanikwa nyore, uye maitiro ekugadzira ari nyore. Saka, asphalt yekutanga yakagadzirwa yaingova anionic emulsified asphalt, iyo inowanzova yemhando yepakati, uye kunewo mamwe marudzi e slow-set. Inogona kushandiswa pakusunga slurry, kupinda mukati, kugadzirisa pamusoro, nezvimwewo. Kunyangwe anionic emulsifiers iine zvakanakira pamutengo, ine simba guru pahunhu hwepakutanga hwe asphalt, uye matambudziko mazhinji anoitika panguva yekuvaka. Saka, pakushandisa, zvakakosha kufunga nezvemhedzisiro yakazara yemutengo, mhedzisiro yekuvaka uye mhando yekuvaka.

Cemulsifier yeationicaKunyangwe yakasvika pakunonoka, maitiro akaratidza kuti ine hukama huri nani nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemineral, nekukasira kuumba, simba rekutanga, uye dose shoma. Haingobatsiri chete ma emulsifiers e anionic asiwo inogadzirisa zvikanganiso zvavo, nokudaro ichikwezva kutariswa kukuru kubva pakugadzirwa kwayo. Ma emulsifiers e asphalt e cationic ane mhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye nzira dzakasiyana dzekuisa muzvikamu. Anowanzo patsanurwa zvichienderana nemaumbirwo awo emakemikari, uye akajairika anosanganisira alkyl amines, quaternary iron salts, lignin amines, imidazolines, nezvimwewo.

Mamorekuru eZwitterionic emulsifier ane mapoka eacidic uye ebasic, uye anoumba nyore nyore "munyu wemukati". Hunhu hwemvura inobuda mu zwitterionic emulsifiers ndeyekuti simba rayo remagetsi rinoshanduka nekusiyana kwepH. Ane kugona kukuru kwekupararira kwecalcium mumvura yakaoma uye anowirirana zvakanaka nemamwe marudzi e emulsifiers, asi mutengo wawo wakakwira.

Mazhinji emulsifiers asiri e-ionic anowanikwa nekuita kwe ethylene oxide ine makemikari ane active hydrogen (akadai se phenols, alcohols, carboxylic acids, amines, nezvimwewo). Basa rawo harina chekuita chete ne hydrophobic alkyl groups asiwo nehurefu hwe polyoxyethylene chains. Ane basa repamusoro, kugadzikana, uye kugona kwakanaka kwe emulsifying, anoratidza kubatana kwakanaka nemamwe emulsifiers nezvimwe zvinowedzera, uye ane mhedzisiro yakati chelating pa metal ions. Basa rawo harina chekuita ne pH ye solution, uye emulsion inoumbwa pa Phase Inversion Temperature (PIT) ndiyo yakagadzikana zvakanyanya.

3.3.Nheyo yekushanda kweasphalt emulsifiers

Kana huwandu hwe emulsifier hwakaderera zvakanyanya, pane mamorekuru mashoma e emulsifier. Pakusangana kwemhepo nemvura, hazvigoneke kuti mamorekuru akawanda e emulsifier aungane. Pamusoro, inenge ichiri kusangana zvakananga nemhepo nemvura, uye kusimba kwepamusoro kunoramba kusina kuchinja, kuchiri pedyo nekusimba kwepamusoro kwemvura yakachena.

Kana huwandu hwe emulsifier hukawedzera zvakakodzera, mamorekuru e emulsifier anoungana nekukurumidza pamusoro pemvura, zvichideredza nzvimbo yekubatana pakati pemhepo nemvura, nokudaro zvichiita kuti kushushikana kwepamusoro kudonhe nekukurumidza.

Kana huwandu hwe emulsifier hukawedzera uye huchisvika pahuwandu hwakati, huwandu hwakawanda hwe emulsifier hunoungana pamusoro pemvura, zvichiita firimu re monomolecular rinofukidza pamusoro pemvura, iro rinobvisa zvachose mvura kubva mumhepo uye rinodzikamisa kushushikana kwemvura. Kana huwandu hwe emulsifier hukawedzera zvishoma, ma emulsifier haachakwanise kuungana pamusoro pemvura, asi anozozviunganidza ega kuita micelles kana micellar aggregates nemapoka e lipophilic anonongedzera mukati uye mapoka e hydrophilic anonongedzera kunze. Kuwanda kushoma uko micelles kana micellar aggregates dzava kuda kutanga kuumbwa kunowanzonzi Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC).

Mushure mekusvika pakuwanda kwe micelle, kana kuwanda kwe emulsifier kukaramba kuchiwedzera, kusimba kwemusoro hakuzodzikizve. Sezvo firimu re monomolecular rave kutogadzirwa pamusoro, mamorekuru e emulsifier anowanzo batana uye kufamba pedyo, achiramba achiungana kuita micelles, nokudaro zvichiita kuti huwandu hwe micelles mu emulsion huwedzere nguva dzose.

Kubatanidza asphalt chinhu chakakosha pakuita emulsifying. Mushure mekuwedzera emulsifier mumushonga wemafuta nemvura, mapoka maviri e emulsifier anozvironga nenzira yakananga, achibatanidza nzvimbo mbiri dzemafuta nemvura, nokudaro achidzivirira kuti dzisadzingane. Mushure mekukurunga nekupararira, asphalt inogona kupararira mumvura nenzira yezvidimbu zvitete.

Mhedziso

Tichitora ma emulsifier easphalt semuenzaniso, chinyorwa chino chinopa sumo yakazara uye kuongororwa kwehunhu hwemaumbirwo, misimboti yekushanda, uye mamiriro ekushandiswa kwema surfactants. Ma surfactants anogona kuderedza kushushikana kwemvura zvinobudirira, kunyudza zvakanyanya mamorekuru e surfactant pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasiyana, uye kazhinji ane mwero wakati we adsorption. Ndiko kunyudza uku kwe directional kunoita kuti ma surfactants ave nemabasa akawanda akadai se emulsification, demulsification, furo, dispersion, coagulation, uye wetting. Asphalt emulsifiers inoshanda nekushandisa emulsifying effect yema surfactants. Ingave kubva pamaonero ehupfumi kana ekuchengetedza nharaunda, kuvaka cold kunofanira kuva tsika yakakosha mukuvandudzwa kwe highway engineering muzana remakore rechi21, uye emulsifiers ndiwo musimboti we tekinoroji iyi. Tsvagiridzo nekuvandudzwa kwe emulsifier performance zvichave nemhedzisiro yakakura pakuvaka cold.