Tšebeliso ea Li-Surfactants Boenjiniere ba Litsela tse Kholo

Li-surfactant (tse tsejoang hape e le lintho tse sebetsang holim'a metsi) ke li-auxiliator tsa lik'hemik'hale tse bohlokoa haholo nts'etsopele ea indasteri le temo, ka monyetla oa ho fihlela liphetho tse kholo ka tekanyo e nyane. Haholo-holo kamora Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše, ka nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea petrochemical, indasteri ea li-surfactant tse entsoeng ka maiketsetso e ntseng e hlaha ka potlako e khothalelitse ts'ebeliso ea li-surfactant masimong a fapaneng, joalo ka peterole, masela, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, kalafo ea bongaka, metallurgy, merafo, mechini, kaho, litsela, lifofane, lijo, ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, ho hlatsoa le ho daea, jj. Sengoloa sena se tla shebana le ho hlahisa ts'ebeliso ea li-surfactant e le li-emulsifier tsa asphalt boenjiniere ba litsela tse kholo.

1. Tlhaloso eaLi-surfactant

Batho ba fumane hore mekhoeng ea tlhahiso ea nako e telele hore litharollo tsa lintho tse ling li ka fetola haholo litšobotsi tsa bokaholimo ba li-solvents esita le maemong a tlase haholo, e leng se etsang hore li lokele litlhoko tse itseng tsa tlhahiso, joalo ka ho fokotsa khatello ea bokaholimo kapa khatello ea bohare ba solvent, ho eketsa ho kolobisa metsi, ho hloekisa, ho emulsifying le thepa ea ho etsa foam, jj. Sesepa, seo hangata se sebelisoang bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi, ke e 'ngoe ea lintho tse joalo. Tšobotsi e hlahelletseng ea lintho tse kang sesepa ke hore ho eketsa metsi a manyane ho ka fokotsa khatello ea bokaholimo ba metsi haholo.

Ka tsoelo-pele ea saense le theknoloji le nts'etsopele ea tlhahiso, batho ba entse lipatlisiso tse tebileng mabapi le thepa le mesebetsi ea lintho tse joalo 'me ba fane ka tlhaloso e nepahetseng ea li-surfactants. Ke hore, surfactant ke ntho ea lik'hemik'hale e ka fokotsang khatello ea bokaholimo (kapa khatello ea metsi-mokelikeli) ea solvent (hangata metsi) ka maemo a tlase haholo, ea fetola boemo ba bokaholimo ba sistimi, ka hona ea hlahisa letoto la litlamorao tse kang ho kolobisa le ho thibela ho kolobisa, emulsification le demulsification, ho hasana le ho kopana, ho foamisa le ho tlosa mokelikeli, le ho qhibiliha.

2. Litšobotsi tsa sebopeho sa li-surfactants

Limolek'hule tsa surfactant li na le likarolo tse peli tse nang le thepa e fapaneng ka ho feletseng: karolo e 'ngoe ke sehlopha sa lipophilic (se tsejoang hape e le sehlopha sa hydrophobic) se nang le kamano ea oli, 'me karolo e 'ngoe ke sehlopha sa hydrophilic (se tsejoang hape e le sehlopha sa oleophobic) se nang le kamano ea metsi. Tšobotsi ena ea sebopeho sa li-surfactants e baka hore, ha li qhibiliha ka metsing, lihlopha tsa hydrophilic li hoheloe ke limolek'hule tsa metsi, ha lihlopha tsa lipophilic li lelekoa ke limolek'hule tsa metsi. Ho hlōla boemo bona bo sa tsitsang, li tlameha ho lula holim'a metsi, 'me lihlopha tsa lipophilic li namela sepakapakeng le lihlopha tsa hydrophilic li namela ka metsing.

Leha tšobotsi ea sebopeho sa limolek'hule tsa surfactant e le hore ke limolek'hule tse phelang metsing a batang, ha se limolek'hule tsohle tse phelang metsing a batang tse leng li-surfactant. Ke lintho tse phelang metsing a batang feela tse nang le karolo e telele e lekaneng ea lipophilic tse leng li-surfactant.

Mohlala, letotong la matswai a sodium a mafura a acid, metsoako e nang le palo e nyane ya diathomo tsa khabone (tse kang sodium formate, sodium acetate, sodium propionate, sodium butyrate, jj.) kaofela di na le dihlopha tsa lipophilic le hydrophilic mme di na le tshebetso ya bokahodimo, empa ha di sebetse jwalo ka sesepa mme ka hona di ke ke tsa bitswa di-surfactants. Ke feela ha palo ya diathomo tsa khabone e eketseha ho isa boholeng bo itseng moo di-sodium fatty acid di bontshang tshebetso e totobetseng ya bokahodimo mme di na le thepa e akaretsang ya sesepa. Bongata ba oli le mafura a tlhaho a diphoofolo le dimela ke di-ester tsa mafura a acid tse nang le diathomo tsa khabone tse 10 ho isa ho tse 18. Haeba di-acid tsena di kopantswe le sehlopha sa hydrophilic, di tla fetoha di-surfactants tse nang le tekanyo e itseng ya lipophilicity le hydrophilicity, mme di na le ho qhibiliha ho hotle.

3.Tšebeliso ea Li-Surfactants hoBoenjiniere ba Litsela tse Kholo

3.1.Li-surfactant leli-emulsifier tsa asphalt

Emulsifier ea asphalt ke mofuta oa surfactant. Li-emulsifier le li-detergent li na le thepa e tšoanang le adsorptivity, orientation, bokhoni ba ho etsa li-ion tsa colloidal, le bokhoni ba ho fokotsa tsitsipano ea interfacial. Leha ho le joalo, joalo ka emulsifier, e boetse e hloka ho ba le thepa ea ho etsa filimi. Haholo-holo bakeng sa li-emulsifier tsa asphalt, li hloka ho ba le li-alkanes tse nang le ketane e loketseng ea carbon ho emulsify hamolemo ka asphalt.

3.2.Tlhophiso ea li-emulsifier tsa asphalt

Li-emulsifier li arotsoe ka mefuta ea ionic le e seng ea ionic ho latela hore na lihlopha tsa hydrophilic tsa limolek'hule tsa emulsifier li jara litefiso ha li-emulsifier li qhibiliha ka metsing. Li-emulsifier tsa ionic li arotsoe hape ka mefuta ea ionic ea cationic, anionic, le amphoteric ka lebaka la liphapang tsa litefiso tse tsamaisoang ke lihlopha tsa tsona tsa hydrophilic kamora ho kenngoa ha ion ka metsing.

Lisebelisoa tse tala tsa emulsifier ea asphalt ea anionic li theko e tlase ebile li fumaneha habonolo, 'me mokhoa oa tlhahiso o bonolo. Ka hona, asphalt ea pele e hlahisitsoeng emulsified e ne e le asphalt emulsified ea anionic, eo ka kakaretso e leng ea mofuta oa sete e mahareng, 'me ho boetse ho na le mefuta e meng ea sete e liehang. E ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho koala lerōle, ho kenella ka hare, kalafo ea bokaholimo, jj. Le hoja li-emulsifier tsa anionic li na le melemo ea theko, li na le tšusumetso e kholo litšobotsing tsa pele tsa asphalt, 'me mathata a mangata a hlaha nakong ea ts'ebetso ea kaho. Ka hona, ha u li sebelisa, ho hlokahala ho nahana ka litlamorao tse akaretsang tsa litšenyehelo, phello ea kaho le boleng ba kaho.

Cemulsifier ea ationicaLeha e se e holile morao haholo, mokhoa o bontšitse hore e khomarela hamolemo linthong tse fapaneng tsa liminerale, ka lebelo le potlakileng la ho bopa, matla a maholo a pele, le tekanyo e tlase. Ha e fane feela ka melemo ea li-emulsifier tsa anionic empa hape e koahela mefokolo ea tsona, kahoo e hohela tlhokomelo e kholo ho tloha nts'etsopele ea eona. Li-emulsifier tsa asphalt tsa cationic li na le mefuta e fapaneng le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho arola. Hangata li aroloa ho latela sebopeho sa tsona sa lik'hemik'hale, 'me tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa haholo-holo li-alkyl amines, letsoai la tšepe la quaternary, li-lignin amines, imidazolines, jj.

Limolek'hule tsa emulsifier tsa Zwitterionic li na le lihlopha tse nang le asiti le tsa motheo, 'me li theha "matsoai a ka hare" habonolo. Tšobotsi ea litharollo tsa metsi tsa li-emulsifier tsa zwitterionic ke hore tjhaja ea tsona ea motlakase e fetoha ka liphetoho tsa boleng ba pH. Li na le bokhoni bo matla ba ho hasana ha calcium metsing a thata le ho lumellana hantle le mefuta e meng ea li-emulsifier, empa theko ea tsona e holimo haholo.

Bongata ba li-emulsifier tse seng tsa ionic li fumanoa ka karabelo ea ethylene oxide ka metsoako e nang le haedrojene e sebetsang (joalo ka li-phenol, alcohols, carboxylic acid, li-amine, jj.). Mosebetsi oa tsona ha o amane feela le lihlopha tsa alkyl tse sa rateng metsi empa hape le bolelele ba liketane tsa polyoxyethylene. Li na le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea bokaholimo, botsitso, le bokhoni bo botle ba ho kopanya, li bontša ho lumellana hantle le li-emulsifier tse ling le li-additives tsa tsona, 'me li na le phello e itseng ea chelating ho li-ion tsa tšepe. Mosebetsi oa tsona ha o itšetlehe ka boleng ba pH ba tharollo, 'me emulsion e entsoeng Mochesong oa Phase Inversion (PIT) ke eona e tsitsitseng ka ho fetisisa.

3.3.Molao-motheo oa ho sebetsa ha li-emulsifier tsa asphalt

Ha khatello ea emulsifier e le tlase haholo, ho na le limolek'hule tse fokolang haholo tsa emulsifier. Sebakeng se pakeng tsa moea le metsi, ho ke ke ha khoneha hore palo e kholo ea limolek'hule tsa emulsifier e bokelle. Holim'a metsi, e batla e ntse e kopana ka ho toba le moea le metsi, 'me khatello ea holim'a metsi e lula e sa fetohe, e ntse e le haufi le khatello ea metsi a hloekileng.

Ha khatello ea emulsifier e eketseha ka nepo, limolek'hule tsa emulsifier li bokana kapele holim'a metsi, li fokotsa sebaka sa ho kopana pakeng tsa moea le metsi, ka hona li etsa hore khatello ea bokaholimo e theohe ka potlako.

Ha khatello ea emulsifier e eketseha le ho feta 'me e fihla boleng bo itseng, palo e kholo ea limolek'hule tsa emulsifier li bokellana holim'a tharollo ea metsi, li etsa filimi e le 'ngoe e koahelang bokaholimo ba tharollo, e arolang tharollo ea metsi ka ho feletseng moeeng 'me e tsitsisa khatello ea bokaholimo. Haeba khatello ea emulsifier e eketseha hanyane, limolek'hule tsa emulsifier ha li sa khona ho bokellana holim'a metsi, empa ho e-na le hoo li ipokella ka botsona ho ba li-micelles kapa li-micellar aggregates ka lihlopha tsa lipophilic tse shebileng ka hare le lihlopha tsa hydrophilic tse shebileng ka ntle. Khatello e fokolang eo li-micelles kapa li-micellar aggregates li tla qala ho thehoa ho eona hangata e bitsoa Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC).

Kamora ho fihlella tekanyo ea bohlokoa ea micelle, haeba tekanyo ea emulsifier e ntse e eketseha, tsitsipano ea bokaholimo e ke ke ea hlola e fokotseha. Kaha filimi ea monomolecular e se e thehiloe holim'a bokaholimo, limolek'hule tsa emulsifier li atisa ho kopana le ho atamelana, li tsoela pele ho kopana ho ba micelles, ka hona li etsa hore palo ea micelles ka har'a emulsion e eketsehe khafetsa.

Ho kopanya asphalt le asphalt ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea ketso ea ho kopanya asphalt. Kamora ho eketsa emulsifier tharollong ea metsi a oli, lihlopha tse peli tsa emulsifier li itlhophisa ka tsela e shebaneng, li hokahanya li-interface tse peli tsa oli le metsi, ka hona li thibela ho phephetsana. Kamora ho hlohlelletsa le ho qhalana, asphalt e ka hasana ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng metsing ka mokhoa oa likaroloana tse tšesaane.

Qetello

Ha re nka di-emulsifier tsa asphalt e le mohlala, sengoloa sena se fana ka kenyelletso e felletseng le tlhahlobo ya dibopeho tsa sebopeho, melaomotheo ya tshebetso, le boemo ba tshebediso ya di-surfactants. Di-surfactants di ka fokotsa kgatello ya metsi ka katleho, tsa monya dimolek'hule tsa surfactant ka matla di-interface tse ding tse fapaneng, mme hangata di na le tekanyo e itseng ya ho monya ka tsela e lebang. Ke ho monya hona ka tsela e lebang ho nolofalletsa di-surfactants ho ba le mesebetsi e mengata jwalo ka ho emulsification, ho tlosa molting, ho foamisa, ho hasanya, ho kopanya le ho kolobisa. Di-emulsifier tsa asphalt di sebetsa ka ho sebedisa phello ya emulsifying ya di-surfactants. Ebang ke ka pono ya tshebetso ya moruo kapa tshireletso ya tikoloho, kaho e batang e tla ba mokgwa wa bohlokwa ntshetsopeleng ya boenjiniere ba ditsela tse kgolo lekgolong la bo21 la dilemo, mme di-emulsifier ke motheo wa theknoloji ena. Patlisiso le ntlafatso ya tshebetso ya emulsifier ruri di tla ba le tshusumetso e kgolo kahong e batang.