Kugeza ubu, imiti yica udukoko ntabwo ikoreshwa gusa mu miti yica udukoko ahubwo ikoreshwa no mu miti yose yica udukoko. Mu 1993, imiti yica udukoko ku isi yose yakoreshejwe toni zigera ku 230.000, bingana na 3.3% by'imiti yose ikoreshwa. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, agaciro k'imiti yica udukoko kagurishijwe kagize hafi 6% by'isoko ryayo ry'imiti yica udukoko. Kimwe cya kabiri cy'imiti yose yica udukoko mu 1992 yakoresheje imiti yica udukoko, inyinshi muri zo zakoreshejwe mu miti yica udukoko. Mu Bushinwa, imiti yica udukoko yakoreshejwe yari hafi toni 40.000, hafi kimwe cya gatatu kikaba cyarakoreshejwe nk'imiti igabanya ubukana.
Imiti yica udukoko ishobora guhindura imiti yica udukoko yo mu rwego rwa tekiniki idacungwa ikayihinduramo imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa. Nk'inyongera ku miti yica udukoko, ntiyongera gusa ubushobozi bwo gukoresha imiti yica udukoko, ahubwo inagabanya ingano y'imiti yica udukoko, ikagabanya ingaruka z'imiti yica udukoko ku bidukikije, kandi igatanga inyungu zikomeye ku musaruro w'ubuhinzi. Ariko, kubera ko imiti yica udukoko ari imiti yihariye ifite imikorere ikomeye ya biyoloji, kandi intego zayo zo kuyigenzura, ibintu birinzwe, n'ibidukikije biragoye cyane, imiti yica udukoko mu miti igomba gutoranywa no gukorwa hakurikijwe imiterere n'imiterere y'ibikoresho bya tekiniki, ariko kandi ikazirikana ingaruka z'imiti ubwayo ku binyabuzima byibasiwe.
Ibi bikurikira byibanda ku gushyiraho amabwiriza agenga ikoreshwa ry'ubwoko butatu bw'ibinyabutabire.
Mu gukoresha uburyo bwa micellar bw'ibinyabutabire, ubushobozi bwo gushonga kw'ibikoresho bya tekiniki bidashonga neza mu binyabutabire buriyongera cyane, bizwi nka gushonga. Ibinyabutabire bifite agaciro ka HLB ka 15–18 ishobora gukora nk'ibintu bishonga, ariko gushonga bibaho gusa iyo ingano y'ikintu gishonga irenze ingano y'ikintu gikomeye cya micelle. Muri iki gihe, umuti udashonga neza ushyirwa mu matsinda ya micelles n'amatsinda ya lipophilic y'ikintu gishonga, mu gihe amatsinda ya hydrophilic y'ikintu gishonga aguma mu mazi, bityo bigatuma imiti idashonga ishobora gushonga mu mazi.
Ibikoresho bikwirakwiza bishobora kubangamira cyangwa gukumira kwishyira hamwe kw'uduce tw'amazi cyangwa tw'amazi mu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza no kugumana gukwirakwira kwabyo mu gihe kirekire. Ibikoresho bikwirakwiza amazi byinjira mu gice cy'amazi cyangwa hejuru y'uduce tw'amazi, bigatuma habaho amashanyarazi cyangwa sterike ibangamira uduce, ibyo bigafasha gukumira uduce twica udukoko two kwica udukoko kongera kwishyira hamwe mu gihe cyo kubitunganya no kubibika. Ibikoresho bikwirakwiza amazi bikoreshwa muri rusange ni anionic surfactants zifite impeta nyinshi, nka sodium salts ya alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensates, na lignosulfonates. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ibikoresho bikwirakwiza amazi bya polymeric (nka sodium polycarboxylate) ni ingenzi cyane mu gutegura amazi asuspensions bitewe n'ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kubishyiramo amazi, ndetse n'ubushobozi bwabyo bwo gushyushya uduce dutandukanye no gukora sterike potential barrier nini.
Imiti ivanze ikunzwe n'abayikoresha bitewe n'uburyo bworoshye kandi butuma bakoresha imiti itandukanye, ariko bakirinda ubusumbane bukunze kugaragara mu kuvanga imiti isanzwe. Imiti nk'iyo ni imiti ivanze ikozwe hakoreshejwe umuti wica udukoko udashonga mu mazi n'umuti wica udukoko udashonga mu mazi hamwe n'amazi nk'ibikoresho by'inyongera, kandi muri rusange ishobora gufatwa nk'uruvange rwa SC na EW. Imiti ikoreshwa cyane cyane irimo emulsifiers, dispersants, thickeners, n'ibindi. Ubu bwoko bw'imiti ntibugira ingaruka zo gukurura uduce duto n'ibitonyanga by'amavuta biri muri SC na EW, ahubwo bunatuma biba ngombwa gukora ibizamini bitandukanye byo kubika ibintu bikonje n'ibishyushye mu bihe bitandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-09-2026