Okwangoku, ii-surfactants azisetyenziswa kuphela kwii-herbicides kodwa nakuzo zonke ii-pesticides. Ngo-1993, ukusetyenziswa kwee-surfactants kwihlabathi liphela kwii-pesticides bekumalunga neetoni ezingama-230,000, nto leyo ethetha i-3.3% yexabiso lilonke le-surfactant esetyenziswayo. E-United States, ixabiso lokuthengiswa kwee-surfactants zee-pesticides lenze malunga ne-6% yemarike yayo yee-pesticides. Isiqingatha sazo zonke ii-pesticides ngo-1992 zazisebenzisa ii-surfactants, uninzi lwazo lwalusetyenziswa kwii-herbicides. E-China, ukusetyenziswa kwee-surfactants zee-pesticides bekumalunga neetoni ezingama-40,000, kwaye malunga nesinye kwisithathu sisebenza njenge-emulsifiers.
Ii-surfactants zinokuguqula ii-pesticides ezingalawulekiyo zodidi lobuchwephesha zibe ziifomyula ezifanelekileyo ze-pesticides. Njenge-adjuvant ye-pesticides, aziphuculi kuphela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-pesticides kodwa zinciphisa nomthamo we-pesticides, zinciphise impembelelo ye-pesticides kwindalo esingqongileyo, kwaye zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezinkulu kwimveliso yezolimo. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni ii-pesticides ziyikhemikhali ezikhethekileyo ezinomsebenzi onamandla webhayoloji, kwaye iinjongo zazo zolawulo, izinto ezikhuselweyo, kunye neemeko zendalo zinzima kakhulu, ii-surfactants kwi-pesticides kufuneka zikhethwe kwaye zenziwe ngokweempawu kunye neempawu zezixhobo zobugcisa, ngelixa zikwaqwalasela nemiphumo ye-surfactants ngokwayo kwizinto eziphilayo ekujoliswe kuzo.
Oku kulandelayo kugxile ekwaziseni izikhokelo zokusetyenziswa kweentlobo ezintathu ze-surfactants.
Ngokusebenzisa isenzo se-micellar se-surfactants, ukunyibilika kwezixhobo zobugcisa ezinganyibilikiyo kakuhle kwi-solvents kwandiswa kakhulu, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-solubilization. Ii-surfactants ezinexabiso le-HLB eli-15–18 ingasebenza njengezinto zokunyibilikisa, kodwa ukunyibilikisa kwenzeka kuphela xa uxinzelelo lwe-solubilizer ludlula uxinzelelo olubalulekileyo lwe-micelle. Kule ndawo, iyeza elinganyibilikiyo kakuhle lifakwe okanye lifunxwe ngaphakathi kwi-micelles ngamaqela e-lipophilic e-solubilizer, ngelixa amaqela e-hydrophilic e-solubilizer ehlala emanzini, ngaloo ndlela evumela iziyobisi ezingezizo ezo zi-polar ukuba zinyibilike emanzini.
2.Umsasazi
Izisasazi zinokuthintela okanye zithintele ukuhlanganiswa kweesuntswana eziqinileyo okanye ezingamanzi kwinkqubo yokusasazwa kwaye zigcine ukusasazwa kwazo okufanayo ixesha elide. Izisasazi zifunxa kwindawo ephakathi kwamanzi eoyile okanye kumphezulu weesuntswana eziqinileyo, zenze umqobo wombane okanye umqobo onokubangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-steric ojikeleze iisuntswana, okunceda ukuthintela iisuntswana zezinambuzane ukuba zingaphinde zihlangane ngexesha lokwenziwa nokugcinwa kwazo. Izisasazi ezisetyenziswayo zihlala ziyi-anionic surfactants ezineeringi ezininzi, ezifana neetyuwa zesodium ze-alkylnaphthalene sulfonates, i-naphthalene sulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensates, kunye ne-lignosulfonates. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izisasazi ze-polymeric (ezifana ne-sodium polycarboxylate) zibaluleke kakhulu ekulungiseleleni izixhasi zamanzi ngenxa yeempawu zazo zokufunxa, kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukutshaja iisuntswana ezisasazekileyo kunye nokudala umqobo omkhulu we-steric potential.
Iifomyula ezixutyiweyo zithandwa kakhulu ngabasebenzisi ngenxa yokuba zilula kwaye zikwazi ukuqinisekisa idosi echanekileyo yezithako ezahlukeneyo zezinambuzane, ngelixa ziphepha ukungalingani okuqhele ukufunyanwa ekuxubeni kwetanki eqhelekileyo. Iifomyula ezinjalo zixutyiwe ngokuxutywa okusekwe kwi-suspension okulungiselelwe kusetyenziswa i-pesticide eqinileyo enganyibilikiyo emanzini kunye ne-pesticide engamanzi enganyibilikiyo emanzini enamanzi njenge-medium kunye ne-surfactants njengee-arhente ezincedisayo, kwaye ngokubanzi zinokuthathwa njengendibaniselwano ye-SC kunye ne-EW. Ii-surfactants ezisetyenziswa rhoqo ziquka ii-emulsifiers, ii-dispersants, ii-thickeners, kunye nezinye. Olu hlobo lwefomyula alunangxaki nje kuphela yokuqunjelwa kwamasuntswana kunye namaconsi eoli akwi-SC kunye ne-EW formulations, kodwa lukwabangela ukuba kube yimfuneko ukwenza uvavanyo oluhlukeneyo lokugcina okubandayo nobushushu kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-09-2026