He maha ngā momo matū horoi. Kua whakarōpūtia mā te rahinga whakaputa: e 56 ngā matū horoi anionic %, kāore-ngā matū horoi ionic 36 %, ngā matū whakakoi amphoteric 5 %, me ngā matū horoi kationika 3 %.
2. Ngā Kaihoroi Anionic
2.1 Te Hauhākawa-momo Ngā Kaihoroi Anionic
Ko ngā matū horoi noa o tēnei momo ko te konutai raina-alkylbenzene sulfonate me te konutaiā-te olefin sulfonate.
Konutai rārangi-Ko te alkylbenzene sulfonate, e mōhiotia ana ko LAS, ko ABS rānei, he mā, he koma rānei-He paura kōwhai, he totoka pakarukaru rānei, ka wairewa ki te wai. Kāore e tino wairewa i te wai i ngā pāmahana iti, ā, he wairewa wai kei raro iho i te 3 i te pāmahana taiao; heoi anō, ka wairewa pai i roto i ngā pūnaha surfactant whakakotahi. He tino pumau ki ngā kawakore, ngā waikawa waimeha me te wai mārō, me te pāmahana pirau o te 240℃. Tekau ōna Ko te taupū whakapataritari o te otinga he 5.0, ko te pirau koiora he 80 %-90 %, me te LD₅₀o te 1300-2500 mg/kg.
Konutaiā-Ko te olefin sulfonate, e mōhiotia ana ko AOS, ka puta mai hei wai mārama kōwhai i te taumata hohe-te ihirangi matū o te 38 %-40 %, ā, he tino wairewa i roto i te wai. Ka mau tonu te pumau i roto i te whānuitanga pH; i muri i ngā rā e toru i te 30℃, ko te tere waikura he 0 i te pH 2, pH 4 me te pH 10. He iti te riri o te kiri, 100 % te pirau o te moroiti, me te LD₅₀o te 1300-2400 mg/kg.
Kāore te LAS e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā hopi horoi makawe, ā, he onge te tāpiri ki ngā kirimi kaukau. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā wai horoi kakahu me ngā rihi.-wai horoi. I roto i te rihi-I roto i ngā wai horoi, ka taea e te LAS te hanga i te haurua o te katoa o te ihirangi surfactant; i roto i ngā wai hopi horoi kakahu, ka taea te whakarerekē i tōna ōwehenga puta noa i te whānuitanga o ngā mahi.
He pai te wairewa o te LAS i te wai, i ngā pāmahana teitei rawa (hei tauira, 60℃) i te wā rānei ka whakaranua ki ētahi atu matū horoi. He pūnaha matū toru noa mō te rihi-ngā wai horoi"LAS-AES-FFA"Mō ngā wai horoi kakahu, ko ngā hanganga matū noa ko"LAS-turanga hopi‐η·SAA". Me mōhio ko te whakaranu tika o te LAS me te kore-Kāore pea te alkanolamide surfactant ionic e whakaputa hua pai; te"LAS-FFA"he pūmau te pūnaha, he iti te matotoru, ā, he mā te āhua, he rite ki te miraka.
Ko te LAS te mea teitei rawa-rōrahi (290 kt/a) me te surfactant hangai iti rawa te utu. I roto i ngā mea tino pai-e rima ngā surfactants hangai mā te putanga, ko te LAS te utu iti rawa, he rite ki ngā turanga hopi (ngako-(ngā hopi waikawa) i roto i ngā matū horoi anionic tuku iho. Ko ōna painga nui ko te pumau pai, te kaha ki te horoi me te iti o te utu; ko tōna ngoikoretanga nui ko te nui o te riri.
I roto i te sulfonate-Ko te AOS tētahi o ngā matū horoi horoi matua e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hopi horoi me ngā hinu kaukau. Ka whānui haere tana whakamahinga i roto i ētahi atu hopi horoi wai i te mea ka hangaia i roto i te rohe, ā, ka heke iho tōna utu. Ko ōna kaha matua ko te pumau pai, te wairewa pai ki te wai, te hototahi pai, te iti o te riri me te pirau pai o te huakita. Ko tōna ngoikoretanga matua ko tōna utu nui i waenga i ngā matū horoi horoi anionic.
2.2 Te whanariki-momo Ngā Kaihoroi Anionic
Ko ngā matū hopi noa o tēnei kāwai ko te waipiro momona konutai polyoxyethylene ether sulfate me te konutai dodecyl sulfate.
Ko te waipiro ngako konutai polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, e kiia ana ko AES, ko te waipiro ether sulfate rānei, ka memeha wawe ki te wai. I te 70 % hohe-te ihirangi o te matū, he mā-kōwhai matotoru (haurua-wai mārama. He iti iho tōna pumau i ērā o ngā sulfonates noa. Ka tere te waikura i raro i te pH 4 engari he pai te pumau o te wai i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawakore. I muri i ngā toru-rokiroki mō te rā i te 30℃, ka eke ōna tere waikura ki te 100 %, 50 % me te 0 i te pH 2, pH 4 me te pH 10 ia. Ka pāngia e te riri ngawari, me te taupū riri o te 2.3 mō tana 10 % otinga, neke atu i te 90 % pirau koiora, ā, he LD tōna₅₀o te tau 1800 mg/kg.
Ko te konutai dodecyl sulfate, e mōhiotia ana ko AS, K12, te konutai waipiro kokonati, te konutai lauryl sulfate rānei (te kaiwhakahuka), ka wairewa i roto i te wai me te wairewatanga o te 15 i te 25℃, he iti iho i tērā o te AES. Kāore e pāngia e te kawakore me te wai mārō, engari he iti ake te pumau i raro i ngā āhuatanga waikawa i ngā sulfonates whānui (he rite ki te AES). Roa-kaua te whakamahana mō te wā roa e neke ake i te 95℃. He iti te riri i waenga i ngā surfactants; ko te taupū riri o tōna 10 Ko te ōrau otinga he 3.3, teitei ake i te AES me te iti iho i te LAS, me te LD₅₀o te 1300 mg/kg.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te AES ki ngā hopi horoi makawe, ngā kirimi kaukau, ngā rihi-ngā wai horoi me ngā wai hopi horoi kakahu. Mēnā e āhei ana ngā whakaritenga pH o te hua, me whakapiki ake te pH ki te taumata e taea ana ki te koretake, ki te ngoikore rānei.-ngā taumata kawakore. Ina whakamahia te AES i ngā uara pH iti (pērā i roto i ngā shampoo), ko tōna āhua tote ethanolamine te tikanga ka whakamahia. He pai ake te wai o te AES-he wairewa atu i te AS, ā, ka taea te hanga hei wairewa mārama i roto i tētahi ōwehenga i te pāmahana rūma. Ki te whakatauritea ki te LAS, he whānui ake te whakamahinga o te AES i roto i ngā hopi wai, ā, he pai ake te hototahitanga; ka taea e ia te hanga wairewa mārama mā te rua, te maha rānei-te whakaranu wāhanga me te maha o ngā matū horoi. Ko te tuatoru o ngā rahinga whakaputa i waenga i ngā matū horoi hangai, he iti ake te utu o te AES i te AS; i te tau 2002, ko te utu o te 70 Ko te % AES i tū ki te 8500 yuan mō ia tana. E whai uara ana te AES mō te iti o te riri, te wairewa pai ki te wai, te hototahitanga pai me te mahi pai ki te ārai i te kiri maroke me te kiri taratara. Ko tōna ngoikoretanga he āhua kore pumau i roto i te wai waikawa.—Me pupuri te pH kia neke atu i te 4—ā, he ngoikore ake tōna kaha horoi i a LAS me AS.
Ina whakauruhia te AS ki roto i ngā hopi horoi wai, me whakahaere te pH o te wai kia kore ai e nui rawa te waikawa. Mō te hopi horoi me te kaukau-i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga tiēre, e hiahiatia ana ōna tote ethanolamine, tote ammonium rānei. Ehara i te mea ko te waikawa anake te mea e whakarei ake ai ngā tote ethanolamine-te pumau o te ātete engari ka āwhina hoki ki te whakaiti i te riri; te 10 Ko te % o te otinga tote triethanolamine ka puta he taupū whakapataritari o te 3.0. Kāore i te maha te whakamahinga o te AS i roto i ngā rihi.-he wai horoi, ā, he onge te whakamahinga hei matū horoi matua (he iti te horopeta i roto i ngā hanganga), nā te mea ka piki ake ngā utu whakaputa, ā, he iti noa te hiahia mō te kaha pahuka o aua hua. Ko te tuarima o ngā putanga o AS i roto i ngā matū horoi hangai, ā, he nui te utu; ko tōna taumata paura ka hokona i te 15000 yuan mō ia tana i te tau 2002. Haunga te kaha ki te pahuka me te kaha ki te horoi, he iti ake te mahi a te AS i te AES i te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga mahi: he ngoikore ake tōna pumau waikawa, he teitei ake tōna riri (he iti iho i te LAS), ā, koia te utu nui rawa atu i roto i ngā surfactants anionic noa.
Ngā momo matua o te kore-Ko ngā matū whakakoi ionic ko te alkanolamide (FFA), te waipiro momona polyoxyethylene ether (AE), me te alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (APE, OP rānei). Kāore-He tino pai te whakarewa o ngā matū horoi ionic, te horoi, te mahi ārai-patū, te iti o te riri, me te pai o te raima.-te kaha o te hopi ki te hora. He whānui ake te awhe pH e whakamahia ana i ērā o ngā matū horoi ionic noa. Haunga te kaha horoi me te kaha pahuka, he pai ake ō rātou āhuatanga kē atu i ngā matū horoi anionic noa. E whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau he iti noa te tāpiri o te kore-Ka taea e te surfactant ionic ki tētahi pūnaha surfactant ionic te whakapai ake i te mahi mata o te pūnaha, ina whakaritea ki te kaha hohe kotahi-te ihirangi matū.
Ko ngā Alkanolamides he akomanga o ngā mea kāore i te-ngā matū horoi ionic me te mahi tino pai, te whānuitanga o te tono me te auau o te whakamahinga, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā momo hopi horoi wai. Ko te mea noa-Ko ngā momo alkanolamides e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hopi horoi wai"2:1 amiti"me"1.5:1 amiti"; "1:1 amiti"ka taea hoki te whakamahi. He rerekē te wai i roto i ēnei taumata e toru-te wairewatanga me te mahi whakamātotoru. I te nuinga o te wā,"1.5:1 amiti"he āhua taurite, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā hopi horoi rihi. I te nuinga o te wā,"1:1 amiti"ka memeha wawe noa ina konatunatua ki ētahi atu wai-ngā matū horoi wairewa. He pai ake ngā alkanolamides mō ngā hopi horoi kawakore, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi ki ngā hopi horoi waikawa ngawari. Ko te alkanolamide te mea iti rawa-te rerekētanga utu i waenga i te hunga ehara i te-ngā kaihoroi ionic, me te utu o te 7,800 RMB ia tana i te tau 2002. He maha ake te whakamahinga o ngā alkanolamides i ngā polyoxyethylene ethers waipiro momona i roto i ngā hopi horoi wai. Ko ngā alkanolamides ngā mea kore-ngā matū horoi ionic e whakamahia pinepinetia ana i roto i ngā hopi horoi makawe. Ko ngā take pea e whai ake nei: He whānui ake, he pai ake rānei ngā mahi a te FFA i te AE; He iti ake te utu o ngā hua FFA i te AE; He pai ake te wairewa o te FFA i te AE; He pai ake te kaha o te FFA ki te pahuka i te AE.
He rōpū hydrophilic anionic me cationic ngā surfactants amphoteric. Nō reira, ka mahi rātou hei matū cationic i roto i ngā otinga waikawa, hei matū anionic i roto i ngā otinga kawakore, ā, ka whakaatu i te kore-ioni-ngā āhuatanga rite ki ngā otinga kūpapa. He ngāwari te wairewa o ngā surfactants amphoteric ki te wai, ki ngā otinga waikawa me te alkali kukū, tae atu ki ngā mea kore-waro kukū-ngā otinga tote. He pai, he mārō hoki-ātete wai, iti te riri o te kiri, he mahi whakangawari papanga pai rawa atu, he āhuatanga ārai-pūmau pai, he pānga patu huakita oro, me te hototahitanga teitei ki ngā momo matū horoi.
Ka taea te whakamahi i ēnei hua ki runga i te whānuitanga o te pH. Heoi anō, ki te tirohia ō rātou āhua ionic i raro i ngā momo waikawa rerekē,-ngā āhuatanga turanga, he pai ake tā rātou mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga waikawa me te koretake i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawakore. I te nuinga o te wā, he nui ake te utu o ngā surfactants amphoteric i ngā mea kāore i te-ngā matū horoi ionic.
Ko ngā momo nui o ngā surfactants amphoteric ko te dodecyl dimethyl betaine me te carboxylate.-momo imidazolines. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā surfactants anionic, kāore-He whānui ake ngā āhuatanga o ngā matū horoi ionic me te iti ake o ngā ngoikoretanga, engari he ngoikore ake te horoi me te kaha pahuka. Ina whakaritea ki ngā mea kāore i te-Ko ngā surfactants ionic, he tino pai ngā surfactants amphoteric i ētahi āhuatanga, ā, he rite ki ētahi atu. He kaha ake te kaha o ngā surfactants amphoteric ki te pahuka i ngā surfactants noa.-ngā matū horoi ionic (he ngoikore te kaha o te AE ki te pahuka), he kaha ake te kaha patu huakita ki te whakataurite ki ngā mea kore-ngā matū horoi kiri ionic me te anionic, me te mahi whakangawari pai ake. Nō reira, i roto i ngā hopi horoi wai, ko ngā matū horoi kiri amphoteric te nuinga e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā shampoo, ā, whai muri ko ngā horoi kiri pēnei i ngā horoi tinana.
Ko ngā matū surfactant cationic noa ko te hexadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (1631), te octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (1831), te cationic guar gum (C-14S), panthenol cationic, hinu silicone cationic, waikura amine dodecyl dimethyl (OB-2), me ētahi atu. He rerekē i ētahi atu matū horoi, he iti te kaha horoi me te kaha pahuka o ngā matū horoi cationic, ā, he iti noa te paitini whakapataritari.
I roto i ngā hopi horoi wai, ka mahi ngā surfactants cationic hei surfactants āwhina, arā, ngā wāhanga whakangawari me te iti o te horopeta i roto i ngā hanganga. E whakamahia whānuitia ana ēnei i roto i ngā momo hopi horoi nui.-ngā hua whakamutunga, ko te nuinga ko ngā hopi horoi makawe. Kāore e taea te whakakotahi tika i ngā matū horoi cationic me ngā matū horoi anionic. Ahakoa ka puta pea ngā hua pai i runga i te cation-te whakakotahitanga anionic, he nui te mōrearea o te maturuturunga iho (whakatioatatanga).
He maha ngā matū horoi cationic e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hopi horoi makawe, kāore e whakawhirinaki nui ki tētahi, ki ētahi momo motuhake rānei; he maha ngā wā ka hangaia hei rongoā whakangawari arumoni. He iti noa te wāhanga o ngā matū horoi cationic o te katoa o ngā matū horoi, ā, he nui ake te utu i ētahi atu momo. I roto i ngā momo matū horoi katoa, ko ngā matū horoi cationic te mea tino kitea te pānga whakangawari me te kaha patu huakita kaha rawa atu. Ahakoa ō rātou ngoikoretanga tae atu ki te ngoikore o te horoi, te ngoikore o te kaha pahuka, te iti o te hototahi, te nui o te riri me te utu nui, kāore e taea te whakakapi e ētahi atu matū horoi hei kai whakangawari i roto i te nui o te wai.-ngā hopi horoi wai pēnei i te shampoo. He mea nui kia mōhiotia ko ngā surfactants cationic me whakamahi noa hei wāhanga whakangawari, hei patu huakita rānei.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-06-2026