He maha ngā momo matū horoi. Kua whakarōpūtia mā te rahinga whakaputanga: e 56 ngā matū horoi anionic %, kāore-ngā matū horoi ionic 36 %, ngā matū whakakoi amphoteric 5 %, me ngā matū horoi kationika 3 %.
2. Ngā Kaihoroi Anionic
2.1 Te Hauhākawa-momo Ngā Kaihoroi Anionic
Ko ngā matū horoi noa o tēnei momo ko te konutai raina-alkylbenzene sulfonate me te konutaiā-te olefin sulfonate.
Konutai rārangi-Ko te alkylbenzene sulfonate, e mōhiotia ana ko LAS, ko ABS rānei, he mā, he koma rānei-He paura kōwhai, he totoka pakarukaru rānei, ka wairewa ki te wai. Kāore e tino wairewa i te wai i ngā pāmahana iti, ā, he wairewa wai kei raro iho i te 3 i te pāmahana taiao; heoi anō, ka wairewa pai i roto i ngā pūnaha surfactant whakakotahi. He tino pumau ki ngā kawakore, ngā waikawa waimeha me te wai mārō, me te pāmahana pirau o te 240℃. Tekau ōna Ko te taupū whakapataritari o te otinga he 5.0, ko te pirau koiora he 80 %-90 %, me te LD₅₀o te 1300-2500 mg/kg.
Konutaiā-Ko te olefin sulfonate, e mōhiotia ana ko AOS, ka puta mai hei wai mārama kōwhai i te taumata hohe-te ihirangi matū o te 38 %-40 %, ā, he tino wairewa i roto i te wai. Ka mau tonu te pumau i roto i te whānuitanga pH; i muri i ngā rā e toru i te 30℃, ko te tere waikura he 0 i te pH 2, pH 4 me te pH 10. He iti te riri o te kiri, 100 % te pirau o te moroiti, me te LD₅₀o te 1300-2400 mg/kg.
Kāore te LAS e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā hopi horoi makawe, ā, he onge te tāpiri ki ngā kirimi kaukau. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā wai horoi kakahu me ngā rihi.-wai horoi. I roto i te rihi-I roto i ngā wai horoi, ka taea e te LAS te hanga i te haurua o te katoa o te ihirangi surfactant; i roto i ngā wai hopi horoi kakahu, ka taea te whakarerekē i tōna ōwehenga puta noa i te whānuitanga o ngā mahi.
He pai te wairewa o te LAS i te wai, i ngā pāmahana teitei rawa (hei tauira, 60℃) i te wā rānei ka whakaranua ki ētahi atu matū horoi. He pūnaha matū toru noa mō te rihi-ngā wai horoi"LAS-AES-FFA"Mō ngā wai horoi kakahu, ko ngā hanganga matū noa ko"LAS-turanga hopi‐η·SAA". Me mōhio ko te whakaranu tika o te LAS me te kore-Kāore pea te alkanolamide surfactant ionic e whakaputa hua pai; te"LAS-FFA"he pūmau te pūnaha, he iti te matotoru, ā, he mā te āhua, he rite ki te miraka.
Ko te LAS te mea teitei rawa-rōrahi (290 kt/a) me te surfactant hangai iti rawa te utu. I roto i ngā mea tino pai-e rima ngā surfactants hangai mā te putanga, ko te LAS te utu iti rawa, he rite ki ngā turanga hopi (ngako-(ngā hopi waikawa) i roto i ngā matū horoi anionic tuku iho. Ko ōna painga nui ko te pumau pai, te kaha ki te horoi me te iti o te utu; ko tōna ngoikoretanga nui ko te nui o te riri.
I roto i te sulfonate-Ko te AOS tētahi o ngā matū horoi horoi matua e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hopi horoi me ngā hinu kaukau. Ka whānui haere tana whakamahinga i roto i ētahi atu hopi horoi wai i te mea ka hangaia i roto i te rohe, ā, ka heke iho tōna utu. Ko ōna kaha matua ko te pumau pai, te wairewa pai ki te wai, te hototahi pai, te iti o te riri me te pirau pai o te huakita. Ko tōna ngoikoretanga matua ko tōna utu nui i waenga i ngā matū horoi horoi anionic.
2.2 Te whanariki-momo Ngā Kaihoroi Anionic
Ko ngā matū hopi noa o tēnei kāwai ko te waipiro momona konutai polyoxyethylene ether sulfate me te konutai dodecyl sulfate.
Ko te waipiro ngako konutai polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, e kiia ana ko AES, ko te waipiro ether sulfate rānei, ka memeha wawe ki te wai. I te 70 % hohe-te ihirangi o te matū, he mā-kōwhai matotoru (haurua-wai mārama. He iti iho tōna pumau i ērā o ngā sulfonates noa. Ka tere te waikura i raro i te pH 4 engari he pai te pumau o te wai i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawakore. I muri i ngā toru-rokiroki mō te rā i te 30℃, ka eke ōna tere waikura ki te 100 %, 50 % me te 0 i te pH 2, pH 4 me te pH 10 ia. Ka pāngia e te riri ngawari, me te taupū riri o te 2.3 mō tana 10 % otinga, neke atu i te 90 % pirau koiora, ā, he LD tōna₅₀o te tau 1800 mg/kg.
Ko te konutai dodecyl sulfate, e mōhiotia ana ko AS, K12, te konutai waipiro kokonati, te konutai lauryl sulfate rānei (te kaiwhakahuka), ka wairewa i roto i te wai me te wairewatanga o te 15 i te 25℃, he iti iho i tērā o te AES. Kāore e pāngia e te kawakore me te wai mārō, engari he iti ake te pumau i raro i ngā āhuatanga waikawa i ngā sulfonates whānui (he rite ki te AES). Roa-kaua te whakamahana mō te wā roa e neke ake i te 95℃. He iti te riri i waenga i ngā surfactants; ko te taupū riri o tōna 10 Ko te ōrau otinga he 3.3, teitei ake i te AES me te iti iho i te LAS, me te LD₅₀o te 1300 mg/kg.
Ka taea te whakamahi i te AES ki ngā hopi horoi makawe, ngā kirimi kaukau, ngā rihi-ngā wai horoi me ngā wai hopi horoi kakahu. Mēnā e āhei ana ngā whakaritenga pH o te hua, me whakapiki ake te pH ki te taumata e taea ana ki te koretake, ki te ngoikore rānei.-ngā taumata kawakore. Ina whakamahia te AES i ngā uara pH iti (pērā i roto i ngā shampoo), ko tōna āhua tote ethanolamine te tikanga ka whakamahia. He pai ake te wai o te AES-he wairewa atu i te AS, ā, ka taea te hanga hei wairewa mārama i roto i tētahi ōwehenga i te pāmahana rūma. Ki te whakatauritea ki te LAS, he whānui ake te whakamahinga o te AES i roto i ngā hopi wai, ā, he pai ake te hototahitanga; ka taea e ia te hanga wairewa mārama mā te rua, te maha rānei-te whakaranu wāhanga me te maha o ngā matū horoi. Ko te tuatoru o ngā rahinga whakaputa i waenga i ngā matū horoi hangai, he iti ake te utu o te AES i te AS; i te tau 2002, ko te utu o te 70 Ko te % AES i tū ki te 8500 yuan mō ia tana. E whai uara ana te AES mō te iti o te riri, te wairewa pai ki te wai, te hototahitanga pai me te mahi pai ki te ārai i te kiri maroke me te kiri taratara. Ko tōna ngoikoretanga he āhua kore pumau i roto i te wai waikawa.—Me pupuri te pH kia neke atu i te 4—ā, he ngoikore ake tōna kaha horoi i a LAS me AS.
Ina whakauruhia te AS ki roto i ngā hopi horoi wai, me whakahaere te pH o te wai kia kore ai e nui rawa te waikawa. Mō te hopi horoi me te kaukau-i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga tiēre, e hiahiatia ana ōna tote ethanolamine, tote ammonium rānei. Ehara i te mea ko te waikawa anake te mea e whakarei ake ai ngā tote ethanolamine-te pumau o te ātete engari ka āwhina hoki ki te whakaiti i te riri; te 10 Ko te % o te otinga tote triethanolamine ka puta he taupū whakapataritari o te 3.0. Kāore i te maha te whakamahinga o te AS i roto i ngā rihi.-he wai horoi, ā, he onge te whakamahinga hei matū horoi matua (he iti te horopeta i roto i ngā hanganga), nā te mea ka piki ake ngā utu whakaputa, ā, he iti noa te hiahia mō te kaha pahuka o aua hua. Ko te tuarima o ngā putanga o AS i roto i ngā matū horoi hangai, ā, he nui te utu; ko tōna taumata paura ka hokona i te 15000 yuan mō ia tana i te tau 2002. Haunga te kaha ki te pahuka me te kaha ki te horoi, he iti ake te mahi a te AS i te AES i te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga mahi: he ngoikore ake tōna pumau waikawa, he teitei ake tōna riri (he iti iho i te LAS), ā, koia te utu nui rawa atu i roto i ngā surfactants anionic noa.
Ngā momo matua o te kore-Ko ngā matū whakakoi ionic ko te alkanolamide (FFA), te waipiro momona polyoxyethylene ether (AE), me te alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (APE, OP rānei). Kāore-He tino pai te whakarewa o ngā matū horoi ionic, te horoi, te mahi ārai-patū, te iti o te riri, me te pai o te raima.-te kaha o te hopi ki te hora. He whānui ake te awhe pH e whakamahia ana i ērā o ngā matū horoi ionic noa. Haunga te kaha horoi me te kaha pahuka, he pai ake ō rātou āhuatanga kē atu i ngā matū horoi anionic noa. E whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau he iti noa te tāpiri o te kore-Ka taea e te surfactant ionic ki tētahi pūnaha surfactant ionic te whakapai ake i te mahi mata o te pūnaha, ina whakaritea ki te kaha hohe kotahi-te ihirangi matū.
Ko ngā Alkanolamides he akomanga o ngā mea kāore i te-ngā matū horoi ionic me te mahi tino pai, te whānuitanga o te tono me te auau o te whakamahinga, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā momo hopi horoi wai. Ko te mea noa-Ko ngā momo alkanolamides e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hopi horoi wai"2:1 amiti"me"1.5:1 amiti"; "1:1 amiti"ka taea hoki te whakamahi. He rerekē te wai i roto i ēnei taumata e toru-te wairewatanga me te mahi whakamātotoru. I te nuinga o te wā,"1.5:1 amiti"he āhua taurite, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā hopi horoi rihi. I te nuinga o te wā,"1:1 amiti"ka memeha wawe noa ina konatunatua ki ētahi atu wai-ngā matū horoi wairewa. He pai ake ngā alkanolamides mō ngā hopi horoi kawakore, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i roto i ngā hopi horoi waikawa ngawari. Ko te alkanolamide te mea iti rawa-te rerekētanga utu i waenga i te hunga ehara i te-ngā kaihoroi ionic, me te utu o te 7,800 RMB ia tana i te tau 2002. He maha ake te whakamahinga o ngā alkanolamides i ngā polyoxyethylene ethers waipiro momona i roto i ngā hopi horoi wai. Ko ngā alkanolamides ngā mea kore-ngā matū horoi ionic e whakamahia pinepinetia ana i roto i ngā hopi horoi makawe. Ko ngā take pea e whai ake nei: He whānui ake, he pai ake rānei ngā mahi a te FFA i te AE; He iti ake te utu o ngā hua FFA i te AE; He pai ake te wairewa o te FFA i te AE; He pai ake te kaha o te FFA ki te pahuka i te AE.
He rōpū hydrophilic anionic me cationic ngā surfactants amphoteric. Nō reira, ka mahi rātou hei matū cationic i roto i ngā otinga waikawa, hei matū anionic i roto i ngā otinga kawakore, ā, ka whakaatu i te kore-ioni-ngā āhuatanga rite ki ngā otinga kūpapa. He ngāwari te wairewa o ngā surfactants amphoteric ki te wai, ki ngā otinga waikawa me te alkali kukū, tae atu ki ngā mea kore-waro kukū-ngā otinga tote. He pai, he mārō hoki-ātete wai, iti te mumura o te kiri, he mahi whakangawari papanga tino pai, he āhuatanga ārai-pūmau pai, he pānga patu huakita oro, me te hototahitanga teitei ki ngā momo matū horoi.
Ka taea te whakamahi i ēnei hua ki runga i te whānuitanga o te pH. Heoi anō, ki te tirohia ō rātou āhua ionic i raro i ngā momo waikawa rerekē,-ngā āhuatanga turanga, he pai ake tā rātou mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga waikawa me te koretake i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawakore. I te nuinga o te wā, he nui ake te utu o ngā surfactants amphoteric i ngā mea kāore i te-ngā matū horoi ionic.
Ko ngā momo nui o ngā surfactants amphoteric ko te dodecyl dimethyl betaine me te carboxylate.-momo imidazolines. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā surfactants anionic, kāore-He whānui ake ngā āhuatanga o ngā matū horoi ionic me te iti ake o ngā ngoikoretanga, engari he ngoikore ake te horoi me te kaha pahuka. Ina whakaritea ki ngā mea kāore i te-Ko ngā surfactants ionic, he tino pai ngā surfactants amphoteric i ētahi āhuatanga, ā, he rite ki ētahi atu. He kaha ake te kaha o ngā surfactants amphoteric ki te pahuka i ngā surfactants noa.-ngā matū horoi ionic (he ngoikore te kaha o te AE ki te pahuka), he kaha ake te kaha patu huakita ki te whakataurite ki ngā mea kore-ngā matū horoi kiri ionic me te anionic, me te mahi whakangawari pai ake. Nō reira, i roto i ngā hopi horoi wai, ko ngā matū horoi kiri amphoteric te nuinga e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā shampoo, ā, whai muri ko ngā horoi kiri pēnei i ngā horoi tinana.
Ko ngā matū surfactant cationic noa ko te hexadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (1631), te octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (1831), te cationic guar gum (C-14S), panthenol cationic, hinu silicone cationic, waikura amine dodecyl dimethyl (OB-2), me ētahi atu. He rerekē i ētahi atu matū horoi, he iti te kaha horoi me te kaha pahuka o ngā matū horoi cationic, ā, he iti noa te paitini whakapataritari.
I roto i ngā hopi horoi wai, ka mahi ngā surfactants cationic hei surfactants āwhina, arā, ngā wāhanga whakangawari me te iti o te horopeta i roto i ngā hanganga. E whakamahia whānuitia ana ēnei i roto i ngā momo hopi horoi nui.-ngā hua whakamutunga, ko te nuinga ko ngā hopi horoi makawe. Kāore e taea te whakakotahi tika i ngā matū horoi cationic me ngā matū horoi anionic. Ahakoa ka puta pea ngā hua pai i runga i te cation-te whakakotahitanga anionic, he nui te mōrearea o te maturuturunga iho (whakatioatatanga).
He maha ngā matū horoi cationic e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hopi horoi makawe, kāore e whakawhirinaki nui ki tētahi, ki ētahi momo motuhake rānei; he maha ngā wā ka hangaia hei rongoā whakangawari arumoni. He iti noa te wāhanga o ngā matū horoi cationic o te katoa o ngā matū horoi, ā, he nui ake te utu i ētahi atu momo. I roto i ngā momo matū horoi katoa, ko ngā matū horoi cationic te mea tino kitea te pānga whakangawari me te kaha patu huakita kaha rawa atu. Ahakoa ō rātou ngoikoretanga tae atu ki te ngoikore o te horoi, te ngoikore o te kaha pahuka, te iti o te hototahi, te nui o te riri me te utu nui, kāore e taea te whakakapi e ētahi atu matū horoi hei kai whakangawari i roto i te nui o te wai.-ngā hopi horoi wai pēnei i te shampoo. He mea nui kia mōhiotia ko ngā surfactants cationic me whakamahi noa hei wāhanga whakangawari, hei patu huakita rānei.
Wā tuku: Akuhata-06-2026