1.Zvinoshandisa ma surfactants
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzema surfactants. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekugadzirwa: ma surfactants e anionic anokwana 56 %, kwete-ma surfactants e ionic 36 %, amphoteric surfactants 5 %, uye cationic surfactants 3 %.
2. MaAnionic Surfactants
2.1 Sulfonate-mhando yeAnionic Surfactants
Ma surfactants akajairika erudzi urwu anosanganisira sodium linear-alkylbenzene sulfonate uye sodiumα‑olefin sulfonate.
Sodium linear-alkylbenzene sulfonate, inozivikanwawo seLAS kana ABS, ichena kana kuti yakachenuruka-ine upfu hweyero kana kuti yakasimba inonyungudika mumvura. Inoratidza kusanyungudika kwemvura zvakanaka patembiricha yakaderera, ine mvura inonyungudika iri pasi pe3 patembiricha yekunze; zvisinei, inonyungudika zvakanaka musystem dzesurfactant dzakasanganiswa. Yakasimba pakurwisa alkalis, diluted acids uye mvura yakaoma, ine tembiricha yekuora ye240℃. Zvayo gumi Mushonga we% une indekisi yekutsamwa ye5.0, uye kuora kwehutachiona hwe80 %-90 %, uye LD₅₀ye1300-2500 mg/kg.
Sodiumα‑olefin sulfonate, inozivikanwawo seAOS, inoonekwa semvura yero inoonekera pachinhu chinoshanda.-zviri mukati mezvinhu zve38 %-40 %, uye inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura. Inochengetedza kugadzikana kwakanaka pamusoro pehuwandu hwakakura hwe pH; mushure memazuva matatu pa30℃, chiyero chehydrolysis chiri 0 pa pH 2, pH 4 uye pH 10. Ine ganda risingatsvedze, 100 % kuora kwehutachiona, uye LD₅₀ye1300-2400 mg/kg.
LAS haiwanzo shandiswa mumashampoos uye haiwanzo wedzerwa muma shower gels. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muma detergents ekuwachisa mbatya nemidziyo.-mvura yekuwachisa. Mundiro-Zvinwiwa zvekuwacha, LAS inogona kuita hafu yehuwandu hwese hwesurfactant; muzvinwiwa zvekuwacha, huwandu hwayo hunogona kugadziriswa zvichienderana nehukuru hwebasa.
LAS inoratidza kunyungudika kwemvura zvakanaka kunyanya pakupisa kwakakwira (semuenzaniso 60℃) kana kana yakabatanidzwa nemamwe ma surfactants. Sisitimu yakajairika ye ternary compound yedhishi-mvura yekuwachisa ndeye"LAS-AES-FFA""Pakushambidza mbatya, mishonga inosanganiswa inosanganisira"LAS-sipo‑η·SAA""Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kusanganiswa kwakananga kweLAS neisina-ionic surfactant alkanolamide inogona kusapa mhedzisiro inogutsa;"LAS-FFA""Sisitimu yacho haina kugadzikana, ine viscosity shoma uye inoita chitarisiko chena semukaka.
LAS ndiyo yepamusoro-soro-vhoriyamu (290) kt/a) uye surfactant yakagadzirwa yakachipa. Pakati pezvinhu zvepamusoro-ma surfactants mashanu ekugadzira nezvinobuda, LAS ine mutengo wakaderera, wakaenzana nebases yesipo (ine mafuta akawanda).-sipo dzine acid) pakati pema anionic surfactants echinyakare. Zvakanakira zvikuru kugadzikana kwakanaka, detergent yakasimba uye mutengo wakaderera; chinetso chayo chikuru kushatirwa kwakanyanya.
Pakati pesulfonate-Ma-surfactants emhando yepamusoro, AOS inoita basa rakanakisisa. Inochengetedza kana kuwedzera kunaka kwe general sulfonates uku ichidzivirira matambudziko ayo. AOS ndeimwe yema-surfactants makuru anoshandiswa mu shampoos nema shower gels. Kushandiswa kwayo mune mamwe ma liquid sipo kunowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma sezvo kugadzirwa kwayo mudzimba kuchichinja uye kuchideredza mutengo wayo. Simba rayo guru rinosanganisira kugadzikana kwakanaka, kunyungudika kwemvura zvakanaka, kushanda zvakanaka, kusatsamwiswa kwakanyanya uye kuora kwehutachiona. Kusasimba kwayo kukuru mutengo wayo wakakwira pakati peanionic surfactants.
2.2 Sulfate-mhando yeAnionic Surfactants
Zvinhu zvinowanzo shandiswa muchikamu ichi i sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate uye sodium dodecyl sulfate.
Sodium fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate, inonziwo AES kana alcohol ether sulfate, inonyungudika nyore nyore mumvura. Pa70 % inoshanda-zviri mukati mechinhu ichi, hazvina kujeka-yero yakakora (hafu-inoonekera) mvura. Kugadzikana kwayo kwakaderera pane kwe common sulfonates. Inonyungudika nekukurumidza pasi pe pH 4 asi ine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwehydrolytic mumamiriro ealkaline. Mushure mematatu-kuchengetera kwemazuva makumi matatu℃, mwero wayo we hydrolysis unosvika 100 %, 50 % uye 0 pa pH 2, pH 4 uye pH 10 zvichiteerana. Inokonzera kushatirwa kudiki, ine indekisi yekutsamwa ye2.3 pa10 yayo % mhinduro, inosvika pamusoro pe90 kuora kwezvipenyu, uye ine LD₅₀yemakore 1800 mg/kg.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, inozivikanwawo seAS, K12, coconut alcohol sulfate kana sodium lauryl sulfate (foaming agent), inonyungudika mumvura ine kunyungudika kweinenge 15 pa25℃, yakaderera pane yeAES. Haina hanya nealkalis nemvura yakaoma, asi haina kugadzikana kana paine acidity pane general sulfonates (yakafanana neAES).-kupisa kwenguva pfupi hakufanirwe kudarika 95℃Inoratidza kushatirwa kuri pakati pema surfactants; indekisi yekutsamwa ye10 yayo % mhinduro ndeye 3.3, yakakwirira kupfuura AES uye yakaderera pane LAS, ine LD₅₀ye1300 mg/kg.
AES inogona kushandiswa mumashampoos, ma shower gels, uye mundiro-zvinwiwa zvekuwachisa uye sipo yekuwachisa. Kana zvinodiwa nepH yechigadzirwa zvichibvumira, pH inofanira kukwidziridzwa zvakanyanya kusvika pakusava nerutivi kana kuti kuderera.-alkaline levels. Kana AES ichifanira kushandiswa ne pH yakaderera (sekunge mumashampoos), munyu wayo we ethanolamine unowanzo shandiswa. AES ine mvura iri nani.-kunyungudika kupfuura AS uye kunogona kugadzirwa kuita mhinduro dzemvura dzinoonekera chero pachiyero chipi zvacho patembiricha yemumba. Kana tichienzanisa neLAS, AES inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu sipo dzemvura uye inoenderana zvakanyanya; inogona kugadzira mhinduro dzemvura dzinoonekera kuburikidza ne binary kana multi-Kusanganiswa kwezvikamu nemasurfactants akawanda. Yakaiswa panzvimbo yechitatu muhuwandu hwekugadzirwa pakati pemasurfactants ekugadzira, AES inodhura zvishoma pane AS; muna 2002, mutengo we70 % AES yakamira pa8500 Yuan patani. AES inokosheswa nekuda kwekusatsamwisa kwakanyanya, kunyungudika kwemvura zvakanaka, kushanda zvakanaka uye kushanda zvakanaka mukudzivirira ganda rakaoma uye rakaomarara. Dambudziko rayo nderekusagadzikana kuri pakati nepakati mu acidic media.—pH inofanira kuchengetwa iri pamusoro pe4—uye detergent yayo haina simba pane LAS ne AS.
Kana AS ikaiswa mu sipo dzemvura, pH inofanira kudzorwa kudzivirira acidity yakawandisa.-Mushonga wegel, ethanolamine kana ammonium munyu unodiwa. Munyu weethanolamine haungowedzeri acid chete-kugadzikana kwekudzivirira asi kunobatsirawo kuderedza kushatirwa; Mushonga wemunyu we % triethanolamine unopa indekisi yekutsamwa ye 3.0. AS haiwanzo shandiswa mudhishi-Mvura yekuwachisa uye haiwanzoshanda semushonga mukuru we surfactant (muyero mudiki mumafomura), kunyanya nekuti inowedzera mari yekugadzira uye zvigadzirwa zvakadaro hazvidi simba re furo. AS iri pachinzvimbo chechishanu mukugadzirwa pakati pema surfactants ekugadzira uye ine mutengo wakakwira; giredhi rayo reupfu rinotengeswa pa15000 Yuan patani muna 2002. Kunze kwekukwanisa kuburitsa furo rakawanda uye detergent yakasimba, AS haina simba reAES mumabasa ayo akawanda: kugadzikana kwayo kweasidhi kwakaderera zvishoma, kushatirwa kwayo kwakanyanya (kushoma pane LAS), uye inodhura zvakanyanya pakati pema anionic surfactants akajairika.
3.Chinhu chisiri cheionic surfactant
Mhando huru dzemhando dzisiri-Zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira ma "ionic surfactants" zvinosanganisira alkanolamide (FFA), fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AE), uye alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (APE kana OP).-Ma-ionic surfactants ane kunyungudika kwakanaka, detergent, antistatic performance, kushata kushoma, uye lime yakanaka.-Kukwanisa kuparadzira sipo. pH yavo inoshanda yakakura kupfuura yecommon ionic surfactants. Kunze kwesimba rekuchenesa uye simba rekufumisa furo, zvimwe zvinhu zvavo zvinowanzova nani pane zvemaanionic surfactants akajairwa. Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti kuwedzera huwandu hushoma hwezvinhu zvisiri-ionic surfactant kune ionic surfactant system inogona kuvandudza mashandiro epamusoro pesystem, kana ichienzaniswa neanoshanda akafanana.-zviri muzvinhu izvi.
MaAlkanolamides iboka rezvinhu zvisiri zve-Ma "ionic surfactants" anoshanda zvakanaka, ane mukana wakakura wekushandiswa uye anoshandiswa kakawanda, uye anowanzo shandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzesipo dzemvura.-Mhando dzealkanolamides dzakashandiswa mu sipo dzemvura dziri"2:1 amide""uye"1.5:1 amide""; "1:1 amide""inogona kushandiswawo. Magiredhi matatu aya akasiyana mumvura-kunyungudika uye kushanda kwekukora. Kazhinji,"1.5:1 amide""ine hunhu huri pakati nepakati uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu sipo yekugeza ndiro. Kazhinji,"1:1 amide""inonyunguduka nyore nyore chete kana yasanganiswa nemamwe mvura-zvinonyungudutsa mvura. MaAlkanolamides anonyanya kukodzera sipo dzealkaline uye anogonawo kushandiswa musipo dzine acidic shoma. Alkanolamide ndiyo yakaderera-mhando dzakasiyana dzemitengo pakati pevasiri-ma "ionic surfactants", ane mutengo we7,800 RMB patani muna 2002. Ma "alkanolamides" anoshandiswa kakawanda kupfuura ma "fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ethers" ari mu "liquid detergents". Ma "alkanolamides" haasi e "liquid detergents".-Ma "ionic surfactants" anowanzo shandiswa mumashampoos. Zvikonzero zvinogona kunge zvinotevera: FFA inoita mabasa akazara kana kuti akanakisa kupfuura AE; Zvigadzirwa zveFFA zvakachipa pane AE; FFA inonyungudika zviri nani pane AE; FFA inoita basa rakanaka kupfuura AE pakuburitsa furo.
4.Mishonga yeAmphoteric Surfactants
Zvishandiso zveAmphoteric zvine mapoka eanionic necationic hydrophilic. Saka, zvinoita sezvinhu zvecationic mu acidic solutions, anionic substances mu alkaline solutions, uye hazviratidzike se-ionic-sehunhu huri mumhinduro dzisina kusimba. MaAmphoteric surfactants anonyungudika nyore nyore mumvura, mune acid yakawanda uye mune alkali, uye kunyange mune inorganic yakawanda-mhinduro dzemunyu. Dzinonaka uye dzakasimba-Inodzivirira mvura, haitsvedzi ganda zvakanyanya, inonyorovesa jira zvakanaka, haipindi mvura mumuviri, ine simba rekuuraya mabhakitiriya, uye inoenderana zvakanyanya nemakemikari akasiyana-siyana.
Zvigadzirwa zvakadaro zvinogona kushandiswa pahuwandu hwakakura hwe pH. Kunyange zvakadaro, tichitarisa kubva kumamiriro avo e ionic pasi pe acid yakasiyana-mamiriro epasi, anoshanda zviri nani mumamiriro ezvinhu ane acidic uye asina kwaakarerekera pane mumamiriro ezvinhu ane alkaline. Kazhinji, amphoteric surfactants inodhura kupfuura non-alkaline.-ma "ionic surfactants".
Mhando dzakakosha dze amphoteric surfactants dzinosanganisira dodecyl dimethyl betaine uye carboxylate-mhando yeimidazolines. Zvichienzaniswa neanionic surfactants, kwete-Ma "ionic surfactants" ane hunhu hwakakwana uye ane matambudziko mashoma, asi ane simba shoma re "detergent" uye "furo". Kana akaiswa pa "non--ma surfactants e ionic, ma surfactants e amphoteric anobudirira mune zvimwe zvinhu uye anozvienzanisa mune zvimwe. Ma surfactants e amphoteric ane simba guru rekubudisa furo kupfuura mamwe ese asingawanzoitiki.-ma "ionic surfactants" (AE haina simba rekubudisa furo), simba rakasimba rekuuraya mabhakitiriya kana tichienzanisa neasiri-ma surfactants e ionic ne anionic, uye mashandiro ari nani ekugadzirisa. Nokudaro, mu sipo dzemvura, ma surfactants e amphoteric anonyanya kushandiswa mu shampoos, zvichiteverwa nezvinoshandiswa pakuchenesa ganda zvakaita sekugeza muviri.
Ma "cationic surfactants" anowanzo sanganisira hexadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (1631), octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (1831), cationic guar gum (C).-14S), cationic panthenol, cationic silicone oiri, dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide (OB)-2), nezvimwewo. Kusiyana nemamwe ma surfactants, ma surfactants ecationic haana simba rakawanda rekubvisa furo uye ane chepfu shoma inogumbura.
Muzvinwiwa zvinochenesa mvura, ma "cationic surfactants" anoshanda se "assistant surfactants", kureva zvikamu zvinogadzirisa zvine dose shoma mumafomula. Anowanzo shandiswa mu "high-zvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira, kunyanya shampoos. MaCationic surfactants haagone kusanganiswa zvakananga nemaanionic surfactants. Kunyangwe mhedzisiro yakanaka inogona kuwanikwa kana cation-Kana anionic compounding, pane njodzi huru yekunaya kwemvura (crystallization).
Ma "cationic surfactants" akawanda anoshandiswa mumashampoos pasina kuvimba zvakanyanya nerudzi rumwe kana maviri; anowanzo gadzirwa kuita ma "conductive conditioner agents". Ma "cationic surfactants" anosanganisira chikamu chidiki che "surfactant" yese uye anowanzo kudhura kupfuura mamwe marudzi. Pakati pemarudzi ese ema "surfactants", ma "cationic surfactants" anopa "conditioner effect" inonyanya kuzivikanwa uye anobatsira zvikuru pakuuraya mabhakitiriya. Pasinei nekushata kwawo kunosanganisira "detergent" isina simba, "furo" shoma, "compatible" shoma, "hasha" dzakanyanya uye "high cost", haatsiviwi nemamwe ma "surfactants" se "conditioner ingredients" mu "high conditioner".-sipo dzemvura dzakadai semashampoo. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti ma cationic surfactants anofanirwa kushandiswa chete sezvinhu zvinogadzirisa kana semishonga inouraya utachiona.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-06-2026