Maumbirwo ezvinhu zvinoshandisa masurfactantzviri nyore: rimwe divi rinonyungudika mumvura (mvura)-rudo) uye imwe mafuta anobvisa mafuta (mafuta-rudo). Mugumo wega wega unobatanidza kune mumwe nemumwe, mvura nemafuta. Mamorekuru esurfactant anoungana pamafuta-mvura, uye izvozvo zvinoumba gadziriro yekutanga. Emulsification ibasa rimwe chete rema surfactants, asi ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa.-basa rinoshandiswa muindasitiri yedu. Rinonyanya kushandiswa pakusanganisa mvura-mafuta anogadzirwa nemafuta, akadai semafuta anosanganiswa nemvura-ine moto-Zvinwiwa zvehydraulic zvinoramba kushanda. Asi, zvechokwadi, ma emulsifiers anoshandiswa zvakanyanya zuva nezuva-zvigadzirwa zvehupenyu zvinosanganisira mukaka, chando-kirimu neshampu, zvese zvine emulsifiers kusvika padanho rakasiyana.
Nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwemamorekuru aya kuri nyore, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoratidza hunhu hwe emulsifying, izvo zvinoita kuti kusarudzwa kwe emulsifier kuve kwakasiyana. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti pasina kunzwisisa kwakanaka kwe emulsifiers, munhu haakwanise kugadzira mvura yakakodzera.-zvigadzirwa zvekuzora zvakagadzirwa nemafuta. Zvinozivikanwa kuti mafuta nemvura hazvisanganisike. Saka ma emulsifier anodiwa kuti azviunganidze. Mukubatana uku kwakamanikidzwa, chikamu chimwe chinoshanduka kuita madonhwe madiki emvura ukuwo chimwe chikafukidza madonhwe aya zvizere. Izvi zvinopa pfungwa dzechikamu chinoenderera mberi uye chikamu chakapararira: chikamu chimwe chinopatsanurwa kuita madonhwe asingachinji uye chimwe chinoumba medium inoenderera mberi isina kukanganiswa. Macroscopically, izvi zvinogadzira chero mvura.-in-mafuta (W/O) kana mafuta-in-emulsions dzemvura (O/W). Izvi zvinofukidza misimboti mikuru ye emulsifiers.
Kanaemulsifierinopinzwa mumafuta asingasanganisike-Munzira yemvura, mamiriro matsva ekupararira akagadzirwa kuti asanganise zvikamu zviviri izvi. Uku hakusi kunyungudika kwechokwadi mupfungwa yekuti munyu unonyungudika mumvura. Pane kudaro, chikamu chimwe chinopararira zvakafanana semadonhwe madiki mukati mechikamu chimwe. Kana mamiriro ekunze akachinja, mafuta nemvura zvinopatsanurwa zvakare, zvichiratidza kusasimba kwe emulsification kana kusakwana kwe emulsion. Zvimwe zvinowedzera zvinogona kukanganisa mafuta.-kuenzana kwemvura uye kunokonzera kupatsanurwa kwechikamu chose; zvinhu zvakadaro zvinoshanda zvinopesana nema emulsifiers uye zvinozivikanwa se demulsifiers.
Emulsion inonyanya kushandiswa pakupararira. Nekuda kwekupararira kwemvura-madonhwe echikamu uye musiyano we refractive index pakati pezvikamu, chiedza chezviitiko chinoonekwa, chinopararira uye chinotumirwa panzvimbo dzemadonhwe. Saizi dzemadonhwe e emulsion dzinotangira pa 0.1μm kusvika 10μm, zvichionekwa-mawaya echiedza anowira pakati pe0.4μm uye 0.6μm. Kuratidzwa kwakasimba kunoitika, zvichiita kuti emulsions ive nechimiro chayo chemukaka-chitarisiko chichena. Kana dhayamita yemadonhwe iri pakati pe0.05μm kusvika 0.1μm (diki zvishoma pane zvinoonekwa-mawavelength echiedza), kupararira kwechiedza kunoitika uye sisitimu yacho inoita seinopenya. Pamadonhwe ari pasi pe0.05μm (diki zvikuru pane rinoonekwa-mawavelength echiedza), kutumirwa kwechiedza kunonyanya kukosha uye sisitimu inova yakajeka. Masisitimu ane saizi yemadonhwe ari pasi pe0.1μm inoratidzika kunge yakajeka kana kuti yakajeka inotsanangurwa se microemulsions, ine hunhu hwakasiyana zvakanyanya ne macroemulsions akajairwa. Microemulsion ichiri emulsion, ine kungoita kushoma kwakapararira.-madonhwe echikamu. Kuumbwa kwayo hakudi ma emulsifier chete asiwo-zvinosanganisa makemikari. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti-inofambiswa"kuparadzwa""zvinonyanya kukosha pakudzora saizi yezvikamu zvechikamu chakapararira.
Kushanda kweEmulsifier kunoenderana nekuenzana kwayo. Kugona kwayo kushandisa mvura uye mafuta zvinoumba mhedzisiro ye seesaw. Semuenzaniso, yakaderera-Madoro ecarbon anonyanya kunyungudika mumvura uye anonyungudika mumvura asina kunyanya kuenzana nemafuta. Kusiyana neizvi, zvinhu zvinopisa mafuta zvakanyanya zvinokundikana kusangana nemvura uye zvinoratidza mafuta.-maitiro ekunyunguduka. Kunyangwe zvinhu zvakawanda zvine zvinhu zvinonyunguduka mumvura uye zvinonyunguduka nemafuta, hazvigone kuverengerwa sezvinhu zvinonyunguduka mumvura. Kana chinhu chichinyunguduka zvakanyanya nemafuta kana mafuta, chinongova pamusoro.-chinhu chinoshanda, sezvimwe zvezvinowedzera zvataurwa pamusoro apa. Chiyero chinoyerwa che hydrophilic-simba remafuta akawandisa rinodiwa, kureva tsime-Hydrophile inozivikanwa-Lipophile-Kukosha kweBalance (HLB).
Kukosha kweHLB kunopa gwara rinokosha rekushandisa emulsification inoshanda, pamwe chete nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuongorora, dzakanyorwa mumabhuku uye hadzizotsanangurwi pano. Kugadzira mafuta emulsifier ne emulsifiers hakusi kwakaoma zvachose. Mhando dze emulsifier dzakanaka, huwandu uye mamiriro ekugadzikana zvinogona kuonekwa kuburikidza nekuyedza.-uye-kukanganisa. Saka kugadzirwa kwe emulsifier kunonyanya kutsamira pabasa rekuyedza. Mazhinji madiki madiki-Maitiro ekuita kwe surfactant achiri kusanyatsotsanangurwa nevaongorori kusvika nhasi. Kunze kwe emulsification, ma surfactants anopa kunyorovesa, kuchenesa, detergent, kuparadzira, kunyungudutsa uye mamwe mabasa. Kune indasitiri yedu, kuongorora kwekuyedza inzira inoshanda, sezvo ruzivo rwechokwadi runobva mukuita. Mitemo yakati wandei yekuongorora yakagadzwa mukuyedza: ma blended emulsifiers anopfuura ma single emulsifiers, uye musanganiswa we anionic ne non-Ma-ionic surfactants anogadzira mhedzisiro yakanaka yekubatana.
Kunyangwe dzidziso ye emulsifier iri nyore, kushandiswa kwayo kwakaoma. Kushandisa emulsifiers chete kunogona kugadziriswa nekuyedza, asi akawanda acho anozopedzisira agadziriswa.-zvimwe zvinowedzera zvine pamusoro-hunhu hunoshanda. Izvi zvinokanganisa mashandiro e emulsifier uye zvinoshandura HLB inoshanda yesystem. Muenzaniso wakajairika inhibitor dzengura mu emulsions. Idzi nzvimbo dzine polar zvakanyanya-zvinhu zvinoshanda zvinosanganisirwa kudzivirira ngura asi zvinogona kukanganisa mafuta-Kuenzana kwemvura mu emulsion uye kunofanirwa kuverengerwa panguva yekusarudza emulsifier. Kugadzira musanganiswa wemhando dzakasiyana dze emulsifier kunogona kuderedza chiyero uye mutengo ukuwo kuchivandudza kugadzikana kwe emulsion. Zvisinei, mibvunzo ine chekuita nekubatanidza ma emulsifier akasiyana uye nzira dzawo dzekusanganisa inowedzera kuomarara kwekugadzira. Kusanzwisisana kuripo kunoti ma anionic ne cationic emulsifiers haagone kusanganiswa. Muchokwadi, anionic-Misanganiswa ye cationic surfactant inotaurwa zvakanyanya mune sainzi ye surfactant, kunyangwe isingawanzo shandiswa muchikamu chedu. Ma calcium ne magnesium ions ari mumvura yakaoma anogonawo kukanganisa emulsion interfacial films uye kudzima emulsifiers. Ma calcium ions anonyanya kukonzera matambudziko: ma surfactant emulsifiers mazhinji anoita calcium kuti agadzire mvura.-sipo dzecalcium dzisinganyungudike dzinobuda mumuviri. Nyaya iyi ichakurukurwa muchitsauko chinotevera.
Saka, ma emulsifier anoita seari nyore anova akaoma zvikuru kana zvimwe zvikamu zvaiswa. Kugadzira emulsion yakagadzirwa hakusi kwakaoma; dambudziko guru riri mukuchengetedza kugadzikana mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana-siyana ekushanda, kuchengetedza mafuta nemvura zvakabatana nguva dzose.
Zvinodiwa pakushanda kwema emulsifiers:
Kudzivirira mvura yakaoma
Iyi parameter inoratidza emulsifier'Kushivirira kwemvura yakaoma. Ma anionic surfactants akajairika anowanzoita zvisina kunaka panyaya iyi, saka haashande zvakanaka-Zvichitaurwa, ma "ionic surfactants" ari kuatsiva zvishoma nezvishoma. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ma "anionic surfactants" anoramba aine kunaka kwawo kwakasiyana.
Katsika kekupupuma furo
Zvizhinji zvezvinyakare zveanionic surfactants zvinogadzira furo rakawanda, zvichikurudzira kutenda kusina kururama kwekuti furo rakawanda rinoenzana ne superior detergent. Furo rinonyanya kukonzerwa nezvinokonzera furo. Mumafuta edu anozora mafuta.-Nekuda kweindasitiri ine chekuita neizvi, kushoma kwefuro kunowanzo dikanwa nguva dzose. Zvinosuwisa kuti ma emulsifiers mazhinji ane kugona kukuru kwefuro. Saka, ma formulators anofanira kusarudza mhando dzakakodzera dze emulsifier kuti adzivise kuumbwa kwefuro, izvo zvinotsanangura kuwedzera kwekuda kwefuro rakadaro.-inonzi yakaderera-zvinosanganisa furo.
Kugadzikana kwezvisikwa
Kugadzikana kwemuviri kunomiririra imwe nhanho yakakosha yekushanda kwe emulsifiers. Kana emulsifier ikakuvara nebhakitiriya kwenguva yakareba-basa renguva pfupi, kuraswa kwemvura yekucheka inoenderana kunova dambudziko guru.-mitemo yekudzivirira ine simba guru pakusarudzwa kwe emulsifier uye inodzora indasitiri yese.
Emulsifiers dzakakamurwa kuva anionic, cationic, amphoteric, uye kwete-mhuri dzeionic nedzimwe, dzese dzinoenderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana zvemakemikari zvinozivikanwa nefine-nyanzvi dzekemesitiri. Rugwaro urwu haruzonyatsotsanangura zvakadzama nezvemhando yega yega. Muindasitiri yedu, anionic neasiri-Ma emulsifier e ionic anonyanya kushandiswa uye kusiyana-siyana kwezvigadzirwa. Muchikamu chimwe nechimwe mune maumbirwo akawanda emamorekuru ane hunhu hwakasiyana hwe emulsifying, chimwe nechimwe chine simba nekushaya simba kwacho. Anowanzo sanganiswa kuderedza huwandu hwekushandiswa uye kuvandudza kugadzikana kwe emulsion.
Hapana mitemo yakakwana yakatarwa yekugadzira emulsifier. Zvimwe zvinhu zvinosanganisira mutsauko muhwaro-mafuta ku-be-yakasanganiswa, emulsifier blending ratios, sevhisi-mamiriro enzvimbo, zvinodiwa nevatengi, uye zvinobatanidzwa kubva kune zvimwe zvinowedzera. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuyedza kunopa mhinduro inoshanda. Kuedzwa kwe emulsification kuri nyore kuita. Kunyangwe pasina ruzivo rwedzidziso, munhu anogona kuwana mafomura anoshanda kuburikidza nemiedzo inodzokororwa, kunyangwe zvichitora nguva. Surfactant yakakodzera-dzidziso dzesainzi, dzinokurumidzisa budiriro, dzakanaka-zvakanyorwa mumabhuku aripo uye zvakakwana zvakakwana kugadzirisa matambudziko emulsification anosangana nawo muindasitiri yedu.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-11-2026