ʻO ka hoʻohana nui loa o nā surfactants i ka ʻoihana lubricant

ʻO ke ʻano onā mea hoʻoheheʻehe maʻalahi loa ia: ʻo kekahi ʻaoʻao he hydrophilic (wai-aloha) a me kekahi lipophilic (ʻaila-aloha). Hoʻopaʻa kēlā me kēia hopena i kona hoa like, ka wai a me ka ʻaila. Hōʻuluʻulu nā mole surfactant ma ka ʻaila-ka pilina wai, a ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hoʻonohonoho kumu. ʻO ka emulsification kekahi o nā hana o nā surfactants, akā ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻolaha nui ʻia-hana i hoʻohana ʻia i kā mākou ʻoihana. Hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka hoʻohuihui ʻana i ka wai-nā aila i hānau ʻia, e like me nā aila i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me ka wai-me ke ahi-nā wai hydraulic kūpaʻa. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, loaʻa i nā emulsifiers nā noi ākea loa i kēlā me kēia lā-nā huahana ola e like me ka waiū, ka hau-ka kirīmi a me ka shampoo, nā mea āpau i loaʻa nā emulsifiers i nā kekelē like ʻole.

Ma muli o kēia ʻano hana molekala maʻalahi, hōʻike nā mea he nui i nā waiwai emulsifying, ka mea e hoʻolilo ai i ke koho ʻana o ka emulsifier i mea maʻalahi loa. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia me ka ʻike ʻole o nā emulsifiers, ʻaʻole hiki i kekahi ke hoʻomohala i ka wai kūpono.-nā huahana lubricant i hoʻokumu ʻia. He ʻike maʻamau ia he hiki ʻole ke hui pū ʻia ka ʻaila a me ka wai. No laila, pono nā emulsifiers e hoʻohui iā lākou. Ma kēia hui ikaika ʻana, e hoʻololi kekahi pae i mau kulu wai liʻiliʻi ʻoiai ʻo ka wai ʻē aʻe e hoʻopuni piha i kēia mau kulu. Hāʻawi kēia i nā manaʻo o ka pae hoʻomau a me ka pae hoʻopuehu: ua haki kekahi pae i mau kulu discontinuous a ʻo kekahi e hana i kahi medium continuous uninterrupted. Macroscopically, hana kēia i ka wai a i ʻole-in-ʻaila (W/O) a i ʻole ka ʻaila-in-nā emulsions wai (O/W). Uhi kēlā i nā kumumanaʻo koʻikoʻi o nā emulsifiers.

I ka wāmea hoʻohuihuiua hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi ʻaila immiscible-ʻōnaehana wai, hana ʻia nā kūlana hoʻopuehu hou e hoʻohui i nā pae ʻelua. ʻAʻole kēia he hoʻoheheʻe maoli ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka paʻakai i ka wai. Akā, hoʻopuehu like ʻia kekahi pae ma ke ʻano he mau kulu liʻiliʻi i loko o kekahi pae. Inā loli nā kūlana o waho, e hoʻokaʻawale hou ka ʻaila a me ka wai, e hōʻike ana i ka emulsification maikaʻi ʻole a i ʻole ka paʻa ʻole o ka emulsion. Hiki i kekahi mau mea hoʻohui ke hoʻopilikia i ka ʻaila-ke kaulike wai a hoʻoulu i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻāpana piha; hana kēlā mau mea kūʻē i nā emulsifiers a ua ʻike ʻia ʻo demulsifiers.

He ʻōnaehana hoʻopuehu maoli ka emulsion. Ma muli o ka hoʻopuehu ʻia-nā kulu pae a me nā ʻokoʻa o ka refractive index ma waena o nā pae, ke hele nei ka mālamalama hanana i ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, ka hoʻopuehu ʻana a me ka hoʻoili ʻana ma nā ʻili kulu. ʻO ka nui o nā kulu emulsion maʻamau mai 0.1μm a i 10μm, ʻoiai e ʻike ʻia ana-hāʻule nā ​​​​​​lōʻihi o ka mālamalama ma waena o 0.4μm a me 0.6μm. Hiki mai ka noʻonoʻo ikaika, e hāʻawi ana i nā emulsions i ko lākou ʻano waiū-keʻokeʻo ke ʻano. Ke piʻi aʻe ke anawaena o nā kulu mai 0.05μm a i 0.1μm (ʻuʻuku iki ma mua o ka mea i ʻike ʻia-nā nalu māmā), hana ʻia ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka māmā a ʻike ʻia ka ʻōnaehana me ka translucent. Ma nā nui o ka kulu ma lalo o 0.05μm (ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka mea i ʻike ʻia-nā nalu māmā), ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka māmā a lilo ka ʻōnaehana i moakāka. Nā ʻōnaehana me nā nui o ka kulu ma lalo o 0.1μʻO nā mea i ʻike ʻia he translucent a moakāka paha ua wehewehe ʻia he microemulsions, nona nā waiwai he ʻokoʻa loa mai nā macroemulsions maʻamau. He emulsion nō ka microemulsion, me ka hoʻopuehu maikaʻi ʻole ʻia.-nā kulu pae. ʻAʻole pono wale nā ​​​​emulsifiers i kona hoʻokumu ʻana akā ʻo co pū kekahi-nā mea hoʻohuihui. Hōʻike kēia i ka hoʻohuihui ʻana-hoʻokele ʻia"hoʻopau ʻana"ʻo ke kumu nui, ʻo ia ke kaohi ʻana i ka nui o nā ʻāpana o ka pae hoʻopuehu ʻia.

Pili ka hana o ka emulsifier i kahi kaulike palupalu. ʻO kona mau mana hydrophilic a me lipophilic e hana i kahi hopena seesaw. No ka laʻana, haʻahaʻa-Hōʻike nā waiʻona kalapona i ka hydrophilicity ikaika a hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai me ka liʻiliʻi o ka aila. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea lipophilic nui ke launa pū me ka wai a hōʻike i ka aila.-ʻano hoʻoheheʻe. ʻOiai he nui nā mea i loaʻa nā ʻāpana hydrophilic a me lipophilic, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou he mau surfactants. Inā he hydrophilic a lipophilic paha kahi mea, he ʻili wale nō ia-mea hana, e like me kekahi o nā mea hoʻohui i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna. He metric hiki ke ana ʻia no ka hydrophilic-no laila, pono ka ikaika lipophilic, ʻo ia hoʻi ka luawai-ʻike ʻia ʻo Hydrophile-Lipophile-Ka waiwai kaulike (HLB).

Hāʻawi ka waiwai HLB i ke alakaʻi waiwai nui no ka emulsification kūpono, me nā ʻano hana empirical like ʻole, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā palapala a ʻaʻole e wehewehe ʻia ma ʻaneʻi. ʻAʻole paʻakikī maoli ka emulsifying aila me nā emulsifiers. Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia nā ʻano emulsifier maikaʻi loa, nā dosages a me nā kūlana paʻa ma o ka hoʻokolohua.-a me-hewa. No laila, hilinaʻi nui ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka emulsifier i ka hana hoʻokolohua. Nui nā micro-ʻAʻole i wehewehe pono ʻia nā ʻano hana o ke ʻano surfactant e nā mea noiʻi a hiki i kēia lā. Ma waho aʻe o ka emulsification, hāʻawi nā surfactants i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, ka hoʻolaha ʻana, ka solubilization a me nā hana ʻē aʻe. No kā mākou ʻoihana, he ala pragmatic ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻokolohua, ʻoiai mai ka hana maoli ka ʻike. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia kekahi mau lula empirical ma ke ʻano hoʻokolohua: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā emulsifiers i hui pū ʻia ma mua o nā emulsifiers hoʻokahi, a me nā hui pū ʻana o nā anionic a me nā non-Hoʻopuka nā ionic surfactants i nā hopena synergistic maikaʻi.

ʻOiai ke ʻano maʻalahi o ke kumumanaʻo emulsifier, ua paʻakikī ka hoʻohana pono ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā emulsifiers wale nō hiki ke hoʻoholo pinepine ʻia ma o ka hoʻokolohua ʻana, akā naʻe he nui ma hope-nā mea hoʻohui i hoʻohui ʻia he ʻili-nā waiwai hana. Hoʻopilikia kēia i ka hana emulsifier a hoʻololi i ka HLB kūpono o ka ʻōnaehana. ʻO kahi laʻana maʻamau nā mea hoʻopaʻa i ka corrosion i loko o nā emulsions. ʻO kēia mau ʻili polar kiʻekiʻe-ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hana nui no ka pale ʻana i ka popo akā hiki ke hoʻopau i ka aila-ke kaulike emulsion wai a pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia i ka wā o ke koho ʻana i ka emulsifier. ʻO ka hoʻohuihui ʻana i nā ʻano emulsifier he nui hiki ke hōʻemi i ka nui a me ke kumukūʻai me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kūpaʻa emulsion. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā nīnau e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka hoʻohuihui ʻana i nā emulsifiers like ʻole a me kā lākou mau ʻano hui ʻana e hoʻonui nui i ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻohuihui ʻana. ʻO kahi kuhi hewa mau e ʻōlelo nei ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohuihui ʻia nā emulsifiers anionic a me cationic. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, anionic-Ua hōʻike nui ʻia nā hui surfactant cationic i ka ʻepekema surfactant, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i loko o kā mākou ʻāpana. Hiki i nā ion calcium a me magnesium i loko o ka wai paʻakikī ke hoʻopilikia i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni emulsion interfacial a hoʻopau i nā emulsifiers. He pilikia nui nā ion calcium: he nui nā emulsifiers surfactant e hana me ka calcium e hana i ka wai.-nā kopa kalipuna hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e puka mai ana mai loko mai o ka ʻōnaehana. E kūkākūkā ʻia kēia kumuhana ma ka mokuna aʻe.

No laila, lilo nā emulsifiers maʻalahi i mea paʻakikī loa ke hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole paʻakikī ka hana ʻana i kahi emulsion i hoʻopau ʻia; ʻo ka pilikia maoli e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ke kūpaʻa ma lalo o nā kūlana lawelawe like ʻole, e mālama mau ana i ka ʻaila a me ka wai.

Nā koi hana no nā emulsifiers:

Ke kūpaʻa wai paʻakikī

Hōʻike kēia palena i kahi emulsifier'ka hoʻomanawanui i ka wai paʻakikī. Hana maikaʻi ʻole nā ​​​​surfactants anionic maʻamau i kēia ʻano, no laila ʻaʻole-Ke pani mālie nei nā ionic surfactants iā lākou. ʻO kēlā ʻōlelo, mālama nā anionic surfactants i ko lākou mau pono kūikawā.

ʻAno huʻa

Hoʻopuka ka nui o nā surfactants anionic linear kuʻuna i ka huʻa nui, e hānai ana i ka manaʻo kuhihewa ʻo ka nui o ka huʻa e like me ka detergent maikaʻi loa. Hoʻoulu nui ʻia ka huʻa e nā surfactants. I loko o kā mākou lubricant-ʻoihana pili, ʻaneʻane makemake mau ʻia ka hoʻopū iki ʻana. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, hōʻike nā emulsifiers he nui i ka hiki ke hoʻopū kiʻekiʻe. No laila, pono nā mea hoʻohālikelike e koho i nā papa emulsifier kūpono e kāohi i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka huʻa, kahi e wehewehe ai i ka ulu ʻana o ke koi no ia mea-i kapa ʻia he haʻahaʻa-nā mea hoʻohui huʻa.

Paʻa olaola

ʻO ke kūpaʻa olaola kekahi ʻōkuhi hana koʻikoʻi no nā emulsifiers. Inā hiki i kahi emulsifier ke hōʻino ʻia e ka bacteria i ka wā lōʻihi-lawelawe manawa, lilo ka hoʻolei ʻana ma hope o ka wai ʻoki like i mea pilikia loa. Kaiapuni-Hoʻokō nā lula palekana i ka mana koʻikoʻi ma luna o ke koho ʻana o ka emulsifier a hoʻomalu i ka ʻoihana holoʻokoʻa.

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā emulsifiers i ka anionic, cationic, amphoteric, non-ionic a me nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe, e pili ana i nā mea kemika like ʻole i kamaʻāina i ka maikaʻi-nā loea kemika. ʻAʻole e ʻeli kēia kikokikona i nā wehewehe kikoʻī kaulana o kēlā me kēia mahele. I kā mākou ʻoihana, anionic a me nā mea ʻole-ʻOi aku ka nui o nā emulsifiers ionic ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana a me ke ʻano like ʻole o ka huahana. I loko o kēlā me kēia mahele aia nā ʻano molekala he nui me nā ʻano emulsifying like ʻole, kēlā me kēia me nā ikaika a me nā nāwaliwali. Hoʻohui pinepine ʻia lākou e hōʻemi i ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana a hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kūpaʻa o ka emulsion.

ʻAʻohe lula paʻa loa no ka hoʻohuihui ʻana o ka emulsifier. ʻO nā loli e komo pū me nā ʻokoʻa ma ke kumu.-ʻaila i-be-emulsified, nā lakio hoʻohuihui emulsifier, lawelawe-nā kūlana kaiapuni, nā kikoʻī kūikawā o ka mea kūʻai aku, a me nā hopena pili mai nā mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi ka hoʻokolohua i kahi hopena kūpono. He maʻalahi ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā hoʻokolohua emulsification. ʻOiai me ka ʻole o ka ʻike kumumanaʻo, hiki i kekahi ke hōʻea i nā ʻano hana hiki ke hana ma o nā hoʻokolohua hou ʻana, ʻoiai me ke kumukūʻai o ka manawa. Surfactant pili-nā kumumanaʻo ʻepekema, ka mea e hoʻolalelale ai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua maikaʻi-i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā palapala e kū nei a lawa pono no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia emulsification i loaʻa i loko o kā mākou ʻoihana.