1,Zvinoshandisa ma surfactantsinoshandiswa pakuburitsa mafuta akawanda
Nekuda kwekuoma kwakanyanya uye kuyerera kusina kunaka kwemafuta anorema, zvinounza matambudziko akawanda pakushandisa. Kuti mafuta anorema akadaro abudiswe, dzimwe nguva mvura inogadziriswa yemasurfactants inopinzwa mutsime kuti ishandure mafuta anorema ane viscosity yakawanda kuita emulsions yemafuta ari mumvura ine viscosity yakaderera, iyo inozopombwa pamusoro. Masurfactants anoshandiswa munzira iyi yekuderedza emulsification yemafuta anorema anosanganisira sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether sulfate, nezvimwewo. Kune emulsions yemafuta anogadzirwa mumvura, zvakakosha kuparadzanisa mvura, uye mamwe masurfactants eindasitiri anoshandiswawo se demulsifiers yekubvisa mvura mumuviri. Ma demulsifiers aya ma emulsifiers emvura-mumafuta. Anowanzoshandiswa ndiwo cationic surfactants, kana naphthenic acids, asphaltic acids uye polyvalent metal salts dzawo. Mafuta anokosha haagone kushandiswa nemayuniti ekupomba akajairika uye anoda jekiseni remhepo kuti adzore kupisa. Kuti uvandudze simba rekudzoka kwekupisa, ma surfactants anofanira kushandiswa. Kupinza furo mugomba remhepo, kureva kuti, kubaya zvinhu zvinopisa zvinodzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya uye magasi asinganyungudike, ndeimwe yenzira dzinoshandiswa pakugadzirira. Zvinhu zvinopisa furo zvinowanzo shandiswa ialkylbenzene sulfonates,α-olefin sulfonates, petroleum sulfonates, sulfoalkylated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, uye sulfoalkylated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ethers, nezvimwewo. Sezvo fluorinated surfactants iine basa guru pamusoro uye yakagadzikana kune acids, alkalis, oxygen, heat uye oil, idzo dzakanakisa dzinoita furo rinopisa zvakanyanya. Kuti mafuta akapararira apfuure nyore nyore nepaburi-huro pechimiro chechimiro kana kuti mafuta ari pamusoro pechimiro abve nyore, ma surfactants anonzi film diffusing agents anodiwa, uye anoshandiswa kazhinji ioxalkylated phenolic resin polymer surfactants.
2,Zvinoshandiswa pakubvisa mafuta asina kucheneswa ane wakisi
Pakubvisa mafuta asina kuchena akaita sewakisi, zvakakosha kuti ugare uchibvisa wakisi. Ma surfactants anoshandiswa senzira dzinodzivisa wakisi uye dzinobvisa wakisi. Ma surfactants anoshandiswa kudzivirira wakisi anosanganisira ma surfactants anonyungudika mumafuta uye ma surfactants anonyungudika mumvura. Yekutanga ine simba rekudzivirira wakisi nekuchinja hunhu hwepamusoro pe wakisi. Ma surfactants anowanzo shandiswa mumafuta i petroleum sulfonates uye ma surfactants emhando ye amine. Ma surfactants anonyungudika mumvura ane basa rekudzivirira wakisi nekuchinja hunhu hwenzvimbo dzinoisa wakisi (senge nzvimbo dzemapaipi emafuta, tsvimbo dzinosukira, uye michina). Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kubvisa wakisi zvinosanganisira sodium alkyl sulfonates, quaternary ammonium salts, alkane polyoxyethylene ethers, aromatic hydrocarbon polyoxyethylene ethers, uye sodium sulfonate salts dzadzo, nezvimwewo. Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kubvisa wakisi zvinowirawo muzvikamu zviviri: zvinonyungudika mumafuta zvinoshandiswa mukubvisa wakisi yakavakirwa pamafuta, uye zvinonyungudika mumvura zvakaita sesulfonate-type, quaternary ammonium salt-type, polyether-type, Tween-type, OP-type surfactants, pamwe nesulfate-esterified kana sulfoalkylated Peregal-type neOP-type surfactants, zvinoshandiswa mukubvisa wakisi yakavakirwa mumvura. Mumakore achangopfuura, munyika nemunyika dzese, kubvisa wakisi nekudzivirira zvakabatanidzwa organically, uye zvinobvisa wakisi yakavakirwa pamafuta uye zvinobvisa wakisi yakavakirwa mumvura zvakabatanidzwawo organically kuti zvigadzire zvinobvisa wakisi yakavakirwa pamafuta. Rudzi urwu rwemushonga wekubvisa wakisi runoshandisa mahydrocarbon aromatic nemahydrocarbon aromatic akasanganiswa sechikamu chemafuta, uye maemulsifier ane simba rekubvisa wakisi sechikamu chemvura. Kana emulsifier yakasarudzwa iri surfactant isiri ionic ine nzvimbo yakakodzera yegore, inogona kusvika kana kupfuura nzvimbo yayo yegore patembiricha iri pasi pechikamu chinoisa wakisi mutsime remafuta, nokudaro zvichiita kuti mushonga wekubvisa wakisi wakasanganiswa ubvise wakisi usati wapinda muchikamu chinoisa wakisi, uchipatsanura kuita mhando mbiri dzemushonga wekubvisa wakisi, dzinoshandisa simba rekubvisa wakisi panguva imwe chete.
3,Mishonga inoshandiswa muvhu rakagadzikana
Kudzikamisa ivhu kunosanganisira zvinhu zviviri: kudzivirira kuzvimba kwemaminerari evhu uye kudzivirira kufamba kwemaminerari evhu. Kudzivirira kuzvimba kwemaminerari evhu, masurfactants ecationic akadai seamine salt type, quaternary ammonium salt type, pyridine salt type, uye imidazoline salt anogona kushandiswa. Kudzivirira kufamba kwemaminerari evhu, masurfactants asina fluorine-cationic ane fluorine anogona kushandiswa.
4,Ma-surfactants anoshandiswa mukuyedza acidization
Kuti uwedzere acidizing effect, zvinowanzodiwa kuwedzera zvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana mumushonga weasidhi. Chero surfactant inoenderana nemushonga weasidhi uye inonyungudutswa nyore nyore nekugadzirwa kwayo inogona kushandiswa se acidizing retarder. Mienzaniso inosanganisira fatty amine hydrochloride, quaternary ammonium salts, uye pyridinium salts pakati pe cationic surfactants, pamwe ne sulfonated, carboxymethylated, phosphate-esterified, kana sulfate-esterified polyoxyethylene alkylphenol ethers pakati pe amphoteric surfactants. Mamwe ma surfactants, akadai se dodecyl sulfonic acid ne alkylamine salts dzayo, anogona emulsify musanganiswa weasidhi mumafuta kuti aumbe emulsion yeasidhi-mu-oil, iyo, kana ikashandiswa se acidizing working fluid, inoshandawo se retarder.
Mamwe ma surfactants anogona kushanda se demulsifiers yemvura inoita acid. Ma surfactants ane zvivakwa zvine matavi, zvakaita se polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether uye polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene pentaethylenehexamine, anogona kushanda se demulsifiers inoita acid.
Mamwe ma surfactants anogona kushandiswa se spent acid cleanup additives, kusanganisira amine salt-type, quaternary ammonium salt-type, pyridinium salt-type, non-ionic, amphoteric, uye fluorinated surfactants.
Mamwe masurfactants anoshanda seanodzivirira acidizing sludge, akadai semasurfactants anonyungudika mumafuta akadai sealkylphenols, fatty acids, alkylbenzenesulfonic acids, uye quaternary ammonium salts. Nekuda kwekusanyungudika kwawo muacid, masurfactants asiri eionic anogona kushandiswa kuaparadzira mumushonga weacid.
Kuti pave neacidizing effect, zvinhu zvinogadzirisa wettability zvinofanira kuwedzerwa mumushonga weacid kuti zvidzore wettability ye near-wellbore zone kubva pamafuta-wet kuenda pamvura-wet. Misanganiswa yakaita se polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ether uye phosphate-esterified polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene alkyl alcohol ether inonyungudutswa nekuumbwa kwayo sechikamu chikuru chekunyungudutswa kwemvura, nokudaro zvichiita kuti wettability reversal isvike.
Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe ma surfactants, akadai se fatty amine hydrochloride, quaternary ammonium salts, kana non-ionic-anionic surfactants, anoshandiswa se foaming agents kugadzira foam acid working fluids, izvo zvinozadzisa zvinangwa zvekudzora reaction, kudzivirira ngura, uye acidizing deep formations. Neimwe nzira, ma furo akadaro anogona kushandiswa se pre-pads ye acidizing: mushure mekupinzwa muchimiro, acid solution inopinzwa gare gare. Jamin effect inogadzirwa nemabubbles ari mu furo inogona kutsausa acid solution, ichiimanikidza kunyungudutsa layers dzisina kuzara uye nokudaro ichivandudza acidizing effect.
5,Ma surfactants anoshandiswa mukuyedza kupwanya
Matanho ekupwanya anowanzo shandiswa munzvimbo dzine mafuta asingapindi mvura zvakanyanya. Anosanganisira kushandisa kumanikidzwa kupwanya maumbirwo, kugadzira mitswe, uye kutsigira mitswe nepropants kuderedza kuramba kwemvura, nokudaro kuzadzisa chinangwa chekuwedzera kugadzirwa nekupinza. Mamwe ma fracturing fluids anogadzirwa ne surfactants sechimwe chezvinhu zvavo. Ma fracturing fluids emafuta-mu-mvura anogadzirwa kubva mumvura, mafuta, uye emulsifiers. Emulsifiers anoshandiswa anosanganisira ionic, non-ionic, uye amphoteric surfactants. Kana mvura yakakora ikashandiswa se external phase uye oiri se internal phase, thickened oil-in-water fracturing fluid (polymer emulsion) inogona kugadzirwa. Rudzi urwu rwe fracturing fluid runogona kushandiswa patembiricha iri pasi pe 160°C uye runogona otomatiki demulsify nekuburitsa mvura. Foam fracturing fluids ndeaya ane mvura se dispersion medium uye gasi se dispersed phase, ayo makuru ari mvura, gasi, uye furo agents. Alkyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl sulfate esters, quaternary ammonium salts, uye OP-type surfactants zvese zvinogona kushandiswa sezvinhu zvinofuridza furo. Kuwanda kwezvinofuridza furo mumvura kunowanzova 0.5–2%, uye chiyero chegas phase volume kusvika kuhuwandu hwefuro chinotangira pa0.5 kusvika pa0.9. Mafuta anofushira mafuta anogadzirwa achishandisa mafuta senzira yekunyungudutsa kana yekupararira. Mafuta anonyanya kushandiswa mumunda ioiri isina kuchena kana zvikamu zvayo zvinorema. Kuti vawedzere kushanda kwavo mukudziya-kupisa, mafuta anofushira mafuta (ane huremu hwe300–750) anofanira kuwedzerwa. Mafuta anofushira mafuta anosanganisirawo mvura inofushira mafuta uye mafuta anofushira furo. Yekutanga inoshandisa mafuta anofushira anionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, uye non-ionic surfactants se emulsifiers, nepo yekupedzisira ichishandisa fluorine-containing polymer surfactants se foam stabilizers. Mvura inopwanyika yekugadzirwa kwemvura inobatwa nemafuta emulsion kana furo yakagadzirwa uchishandisa musanganiswa wealcohols (senge ethylene glycol) nemafuta (senge parafini) senzvimbo yekupararira, liquid carbon dioxide sechikamu chakapararira, uye sulfated polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers se emulsifiers kana foaming agents, inoshandiswa pakupwanyika kwekugadzirwa kwemvura inobatwa nemafuta. Mvura inopwanyika yekugadzirwa kweacidizing inoshanda semvura inopwanyika uye mvura inopwanyika, inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwecarbonate uko matanho ese ari maviri anoitwa panguva imwe chete. Awo ane chekuita nesurfactants iacid foams uye acid emulsions; yekutanga inoshandisa alkyl sulfonates kana alkyl benzene sulfonates sefoaming agents, uye yekupedzisira inoshandisa sulfonate-type surfactants se emulsifiers. Kufanana neacidizing fluids, fracturing fluids inoshandisawo surfactants se demulsifiers, cleanup additives, uye wettability reversal agents, izvo zvisingazotsanangurwi pano.
6,Ma surfactants anoshandiswa mukugadzirisa ma profiles uye mukuvhara mvura
Kuti mvura iwedzere kufashamira uye kudzivirira kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemvura inochekwa nemafuta asina kuchekwa, zvakakosha kugadzirisa chimiro chekunyudzwa kwemvura mumatsime ejekiseni uye kushandisa matanho ekuvhara mvura mumatsime ekugadzira senzira dzekukurudzira. Dzimwe dzenzira idzi dzekutonga profile uye dzekuvhara mvura dzinowanzo shandisa mamwe ma surfactants. HPC/SDS gel profile control agent inogadzirwa nekusanganisa hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) uye sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) mumvura yakachena. Sodium alkyl sulfonate uye alkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride zvinonyungudutswa mumvura kuti zvigadzire mvura mbiri dzinoshanda, dzinopinzwa muchimiro chakatevedzana. Mvura mbiri dzinoshanda dzinosangana muchimiro, dzichigadzira alkyl sulfite precipitates yealkyl trimethyl amine, iyo inovhara zvikamu zvinopinda mvura zvakanyanya. Polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, alkyl aryl sulfonate, nezvimwewo, zvinogona kushandiswa sezvinhu zvinofema furo. Zvinonyungudutswa mumvura kugadzira mvura inoshanda, iyo inobva yapinzwa muchimiro ichi neliquid carbon dioxide working fluid. Izvi zvinoumba furo mukuumbwa (kunyanya muzvikamu zvinopinda mvura yakawanda), zvichikonzera kuvharika uye kuwana simba rekudzora chimiro. Surfactant yemhando ye quaternary ammonium salt-type inoshandiswa semushonga wefuro, inonyungudutswa mu silica sol yakagadzirwa kubva ku ammonium sulfate negirazi remvura, uye inopinzwa mukuumbwa. Zvadaro, gasi risingapindi mvura (gasi rechisikigo kana chlorine gas) rinopinzwa, iro rinotanga ragadzira furo rine mvura semushonga wekupararira mukuumbwa, uye ipapo silica sol gels kugadzira furo rine solid semushonga wekupararira, nokudaro richivhara zvikamu zvinopinda mvura yakawanda uye kuwana simba rekudzora chimiro. Uchishandisa sulfonate-type surfactants semushonga wefuro uye mamorekuru akawanda semushonga wekusimba uye wekusimbisa furo, zvichiteverwa nekuisa gasi kana zvinhu zvinogadzira gasi, furo rine mvura rinogadzirwa pamusoro kana mukuumbwa. Muchikamu chemafuta, huwandu hwakawanda hwemushonga hunoenda kunzvimbo inopindirana nemafuta, zvichiita kuti furo riputsike, saka harivhari mafuta uye imushonga wekubvisa mvura mutsime remafuta. Chinhu chinovhara mvura chesimende chakagadzirwa nemafuta chinosungirirwa nesimende mumafuta. Pamusoro pesimende pane mvura inonyungudika. Kana ikapinda muchikamu chinoburitsa mvura, mvura inobvisa mafuta pamusoro pesimende yoita seyakasanganiswa nesimende, zvichiita kuti simende iome uye ivhare chikamu chinoburitsa mvura. Kuti zvinhu izvi zviwedzere kuyerera kwechinhu ichi chinovhara mvura, zvinhu zvinosanganisa mvura zvemhando ye carboxylate ne sulfonate zvinowanzowedzerwa. Chinhu chinovhara mvura che micellar fluid solution chinoumbwa ne micellar solution ine ammonium petroleum sulfonate, hydrocarbons, alcohols, nezvimwewo. Kana ikasangana nemvura ine saline yakawanda mukugadzirwa kwayo, inogona kuva viscous kuti iwane simba rekubvisa mvura. Zvinhu zvinobatanidza mvura zvine cationic surfactant solution, zvinoumbwa ne alkyl carboxylate ne alkyl ammonium chloride surfactants, zvinongoshanda chete pakugadzira sandstone. Chinhu chinovhara mafuta ane mafuta akawanda chinonyungudutswa ne water-in-oil emulsifiers. Kana ikasangana nemvura muchimiro chayo, inogadzira emulsion yemvura-mu-mafuta ine viscosity yakakura kuti ikwanise kuvhara mvura. Chinhu chinovhara mafuta-mu-mvura chinogadzirwa nekubatanidza mafuta akawanda mumvura uchishandisa cationic surfactants sezvinhu zvinosanganisa mafuta-mu-mvura.
7,Zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zvinodzivirira jecha
Pamberi pekushanda kwekudzora jecha, mvura inoshanda yakagadzirwa nemasurfactants inofanira kuiswa semvura yekuchenesa ganda kuti igadzirise kuumbwa kwaro, kuitira kuti ivandudze simba rekudzora jecha. Mazhinji emasurfactants anoshandiswa pari zvino ianionic surfactants.
8,Zvinonhuhwirira zvekubvisa mafuta asina kuchena
Muzvikamu zvekutanga nezvechipiri zvekudzoreredza mafuta, ma demulsifiers emvura-mu-oiri anonyanya kushandiswa pamafuta asina kucheneswa anogadzirwa. Zvizvarwa zvitatu zvezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa. Chizvarwa chekutanga chinosanganisira ma carboxylates, ma sulfates, uye ma sulfonates. Chizvarwa chechipiri chine ma nonionic surfactants ane uremu hushoma seOP, Pegosperse, uye sulfonated castor oil. Chizvarwa chechitatu ma nonionic surfactants ane uremu hushoma. Muchikamu chekupedzisira chekudzoreredza mafuta uye chikamu chetatu chekudzoreredza mafuta, mafuta asina kucheneswa anogadzirwa anowanzo kuwanikwa muchimiro chemafuta-mu-water emulsions. Kune mhando ina dzema demulsifiers anoshandiswa, akadai se tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride uye didecyldimethylammonium chloride. Izvi zvinogona kuita ne anionic emulsifiers kuti zvichinje hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value yavo, kana kunyudza pamusoro pevhu rakanyorova revhu kuti richinje kunyorova kwaro uye kupwanya mafuta-mu-water emulsion. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe ma anionic surfactants anogona kushanda se water-in-oil emulsifiers uye nonionic surfactants anonyungudika mumafuta anogonawo kushandiswa se demulsifiers yemafuta-mumvura emulsions.
9,Zvinoshandiswa pakurapa mvura
Mushure mekunge oiri isina kucheneswa yaparadzaniswa nemvura inogadzirwa mutsime reoiri, mvura inogadzirwa inofanira kugadziriswa kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa zvekudzoserwa mumvura. Zvinangwa zvekuchenesa mvura zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvitanhatu: kudzivirira ngura, kudzivirira scale, sterilization, deoxygenation, kubvisa oiri, uye kubvisa zvinhu zvakasimba zvakasungirirwa. Saka, zvinodzivirira ngura, zvinodzivirira scale, bacteriacides, deoxidizers, zvinobvisa oiri, flocculants, nezvimwewo, zvinoshandiswa. Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri ndeizvi:
Mishonga inoshandiswa muindasitiri senzira yekudzivirira ngura inosanganisira munyu wealkyl sulfonic acids, alkyl benzene sulfonic acids, perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids, straight-chain alkyl amine salts, quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl pyridinium salts, munyu weimidazolines nezvimwe zvinobva mairi, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ethers, polyoxyethylene dialkyl propynols, polyoxyethylene rosin amines, polyoxyethylene stearyl amines, polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether alkyl sulfonates, munyu wemukati wequaternary amino, uye munyu wemukati webis(polyoxyethylene) alkyls nezvimwe zvinobva mairi. Mishonga inoshandiswa senzira yekudzivirira ngura inosanganisira phosphate esters, sulfate esters, acetate, carboxylates, uye polyoxyethylene compounds dzavo. Kugadzikana kwekupisa kwesulfonate esters necarboxylates kuri nani zvikuru kupfuura kwephosphate esters nesulfate esters. Mishonga inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri inoshandiswa semabhakitiriya inosanganisira munyu wealkyl amine wakatwasuka, munyu we quaternary ammonium, munyu wealkyl pyridinium, munyu weimidazolines nezvinobva mauri, munyu we quaternary ammonium inner salts dzakasiyana-siyana, uye munyu we inner we bis(polyoxyethylene) alkyls nezvinobva mauri. Mishonga inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri inoshandiswa sekubvisa mafuta inonyanya kuve iyo ine chimiro chakakora uye ine mapoka e sodium dithiocarboxylate.
10,Zvinhu zvinoshandisa makemikari kuti zviwanikwe mumafuta
Kudzoreredza mafuta ekutanga nekwechipiri kunogona kuburitsa 25% - 50% yemafuta asina kucheneswa ari pasi pevhu, nepo mafuta akawanda asina kucheneswa achisara pasi pevhu uye asingakwanise kuburitswa. Kudzoreredza mafuta epamusoro kunogona kuvandudza mashandiro emafuta. Kudzoreredza mafuta epamusoro kunowanzo shandisa nzira dzemakemikari dzinoshandiswa pakufashaira, ndiko kuti, kuwedzera mamwe makemikari mumvura inopinzwa kuti ivandudze mashandiro emafashaira emvura. Pakati pemakemikari anoshandiswa, mamwe acho ndeemaindasitiri esurfactants, uye mamiriro awo anotsanangurwa muchidimbu seizvi: Nzira yemafashaira emakemikari ine surfactant semushonga mukuru inonzi surfactant flooding. Surfactants inonyanya kuita basa mukuvandudza mashandiro emafuta nekuderedza kushushikana kwemafuta nemvura uye kuwedzera huwandu hwema capillary. Sezvo pamusoro pemajecha ejecha paine chaji isina kunaka, masurfactants anoshandiswa anonyanya kuve ma anionic surfactants, uye mazhinji acho masurfactants esulfonate. Inogadzirwa nesulfonating petroleum fractions ane aromatic hydrocarbon yakawanda uchishandisa sulfonating agents (senge sulfur trioxide) uye wozodzikisa ne alkali. Magadzirirwo ayo: chinhu chinoshanda 50% - 80%, mafuta emineral 5% - 30%, mvura 2% - 20%, sodium sulfate 1% - 6%. Mafuta epetroleum sulfonates haagoni kupiswa nekupisa kwakanyanya asi haagoni kupiswa nemunyu uye ma ions esimbi ane valent. Ma sulfonates e synthetic anogadzirwa kubva kuma hydrocarbons anoenderana achishandisa nzira dzekugadzira dzinoenderana. Pakati pawo, α-olefin sulfonates anonyanya kupiswa nemunyu uye ma ions esimbi ane valent. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe ma surfactants e anionic-nonionic uye carboxylate surfactants anogonawo kushandiswa pakufashaira kwemafuta. Kufashaira kwe surfactant kunoda mhando mbiri dzekuwedzera: imwe ndeye cosurfactants, dzakadai se isobutanol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, urea, sulfolane, alkenyl benzene sulfonates, nezvimwewo; imwe ndeye electrolytes, kusanganisira acids, alkalis, uye munyu, kunyanya munyu. Zvinogona kuderedza hydrophilicity yemasurfactants, kuwedzera lipophilicity, uye zvakare kushanda nekuchinja hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value yemasurfactants. Kuti kuderedze kurasikirwa kwemasurfactants uye kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwehupfumi, surfactant flooding inoshandisawo makemikari anonzi sacrificial agents. Zvinhu zvinogona kushandiswa sezvipo zvinosanganisira alkaline substances, polycarboxylic acids nemunyu wazvo, oligomers nemapolymers zvinogonawo kushandiswa sezvipo agents, uye lignosulfonates nezvigadzirwa zvavo zvakagadziriswa rudzi rwezvipo agents. Nzira yemafuta inoshandisa zvinhu zviviri kana kupfuura zvemakemikari emafuta emakemikari inonzi composite flooding. Nzira dzakadai dzemafuta emafuta dzine chekuita nemasurfactants dzinosanganisira: surfactant + polymer yemafuta emakemikari akakora; alkali + surfactant yemafuta ealkali-enhanced surfactant flooding kana surfactant-enhanced alkali flooding; alkali + surfactant + polymer yemafuta e ternary composite. Mafashamo ecomposite anowanzova nemafuta akawanda ekudzoka kupfuura mafashamo ega ega. Zvichienderana nekuongorora kwemaitiro aripo ekuvandudza zvinhu munyika nekune dzimwe nyika, mafashamo e ternary composite ane mabhenefiti akakwira kupfuura mafashamo e binary composite. Zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira mafashamo emhando yeternary composite zvinonyanya kuve petroleum sulfonates, uye zvinowanzo sanganiswa nesulfuric acid, phosphoric acid uye carboxylate yepolyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol ether, sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl alcohol alkyl sulfonate, nezvimwewo, kuti zvivandudze kusawirirana kwavo nemunyu. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, nyika dzemuno nedzekunze dzakakoshesa kutsvagisa nekushandisa biosurfactants, dzakadai serhamnolipids, sophorolipid fermentation broths, pamwe chete ne natural mixed carboxylates uye papermaking by-product alkali lignin, nezvimwewo, izvo zvakawana mhedzisiro yakanaka yemafuta muongororo dzemumunda nedzemurabhoritari.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-26-2026