Koinei te mahi a ngā emulsifiers

I te whakapainga ake o ngā paerewa oranga o te tangata, kāore e herea noa ngā hiahia kai a ngā kaihoko ki te uara kai tika. E hiahia ana hoki rātou ki ngā āhuatanga pai o te kai, tae atu ki te āhua, te tae, te kakara, te reka, te matotoru me te hou.

Hei tāpiri kai whakarerekē kakano, he mea nui te mahi a ngā emulsifier i roto i te umanga kai. Me titiro tātou ki te tikanga mahi ongā kaiwhakarewa!

Ngā Emulsions

He whānuitia ngā emulsion i roto i ngā kai. Ko tētahi wāhanga he wai, he wai rānei, e kiia ana ko te wāhanga hydrophilic; ko tētahi atu wāhanga he wāhanga rauropi kāore e taea te whakaranu ki te wai, e mōhiotia ana ko te wāhanga lipophilic. Ina whakaranua ngā wai e rua kāore e taea te whakaranu pērā i te wai me te hinu, ka taea te hanga i ngā momo emulsion e rua, arā, ko ngā emulsion hinu-i-te-wai (O/W) me ngā emulsion wai-i-te-hinu (W/O). I roto i ngā emulsion hinu-i-te-wai, ka marara te hinu i roto i te wai hei pata ririki, me ngā pata hinu hei wāhanga marara, me te wai hei reo tonu. Ko te miraka he tauira noa o te emulsion O/W. I tua atu, i roto i ngā emulsion wai-i-te-hinu, ka marara te wai i roto i te hinu hei pata ririki, ko te wai hei wāhanga marara, me te hinu hei reo tonu, ko te pata he emulsion W/O.

Te Tikanga Mahi a ngā Emulsifiers

Ngā emulsifiers kai, e kiia ana hokingā matū horoi, he matū e huri ana i ngā wai kore e taea te whakaranu ki ngā wai whakapūkara marara ōrite. Hei tāpiri kai, ka taea e rātou te whakaiti i te taumahatanga ā-kanohi i waenga i ngā āhua hinu me te wai i muri i te whakauru ki te kai, ā, ka hangaia he wai whakapūkara pumau mai i te hinu kore e taea te whakaranu (ngā matū wai-whakaaro) me te wai (ngā matū wai-whakaaro).

I tētahi taha, ka hangaia e ngā emulsifier he kiriata ngota angiangi i ngā atanga ārai-ātete o ngā wāhanga e rua hei whakaiti i te kaha kore utu o te mata o te pūnaha katoa, hei whakaputa hoki i ngā atanga hou. Kei roto i ngā ngota emulsifier ngā rōpū hydrophilic me ngā rōpū lipophilic, ka taea te mimiti ki ngā mata ārai-ātete o te hinu me te wai hei hanga i ngā paparanga ngota angiangi me te whakaiti i te taumahatanga ā-mata i waenga i ngā wāhanga e rua. Hei whakarāpopototanga, ka taunekeneke ngā ngota hinu me ngā wāhanga lipophilic o ngā emulsifier i te wā e taunekeneke ana ngā ngota wai me ngā wāhanga hydrophilic o ngā emulsifier, ā, ka whakarerekē te taumahatanga ā-mata i waenga i ēnei taha e rua. I tētahi atu taha, ka hangaia e ngā emulsifier he paparanga ārai-ātete tiaki i runga i te mata o ngā pata iti, ka whakawhiwhi i ngā pata ki te pumau steric kaha. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te horopeta teitei ake o ngā emulsifier ka arahi ki te whakahekenga nui ake o te taumahatanga ā-mata. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā matū kāore e taea te whakaranu tuatahi te whakaranu kia ōrite te hanganga me te hanga i tētahi pūnaha marara ōrite, e whakarerekē ana i te āhua tūturu taketake, e arotau ana i te hanganga o roto o te kai, ā, e whakapai ake ana i te kounga o te kai.

Uara Taurite Wai-Ripo-Ripo

Ko te taurite wai-wai-wai-wai (HLB) uara: Ko ngā emulsifiers he kaha te hydrophilicity ka hanga i ngā emulsions hinu-i-roto-i-te-wai, ko ngā mea he kaha te lipophilicity ka hanga i ngā emulsions wai-i-roto-i-te-hinu. Ko te uara HLB e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei whakaahua i te taurite hydrophilicity-lipophilicity o ngā emulsifiers me te ine i tō rātou hydrophilicity. He maha ngā tikanga tatau e wātea ana mō ngā uara HLB:

Tātai rerekētanga: HLB = Te hihiko o ngā rōpū hihiko−Te ātete ki te lipophobia o ngā rōpū lipophilic

Tātai ōwehenga: HLB = Te ātete wai o ngā rōpū ātete wai / Te ātete wai o ngā rōpū ātete wai

Ka taea te whakatau i te uara HLB o ia emulsifier mā te whakamātautau. E whakatauhia ana ko ngā emulsifier he 100% te lipophilicity (e tohuhia ana e te ware piro) he uara HLB o te 0, ā, ko ērā he 100% te hydrophilicity (e tohuhia ana e te potassium oleate) he uara HLB o te 20. Ka wehea te awhe i waenga i te 0 me te 20 kia 20 ngā wāhanga ōrite hei tohu i te kaha o te hydrophilicity me te lipophilicity. Ko te uara HLB teitei ake e rite ana ki te hydrophilicity kaha ake, ko te uara HLB iti ake ia e tohu ana i te lipophilicity kaha ake.

Ko te nuinga o ngā emulsifier kai-kai he surfactants kore-ionic me ngā uara HLB mai i te 0 ki te 20; kei te ripanga ngā āhuatanga e rite ana o ngā emulsifier kore-ionic me ngā uara HLB rerekē. He rerekē, ko ngā surfactants ionic he uara HLB kei waenganui i te 0 ki te 40. Nō reira, ko ngā emulsifier me ngā uara HLB i raro i te 10 he lipophilic te nuinga, ko ngā mea he uara HLB rite ki te 10, neke atu rānei, he āhuatanga hydrophilic.

Mō ngā emulsifier whakauru, he tāpiritanga ā rātou uara HLB. Nō reira, ina whakamahia ngātahitia ngā emulsifier e rua, neke atu rānei, ka taea te tatau i te uara HLB o te emulsifier whakauru i runga i ngā wāhanga papatipu o ia emulsifier wāhanga: HLBa,b = HLBa·A% + HLBb·B%

Ko te HLBa,b e tohu ana i te uara HLB o te ranunga o te emulsifier a me te emulsifier b; ko te HLBa me te HLBb e tohu ana i ngā uara HLB o te emulsifier a me te emulsifier b; ko te A% me te B% ​​e tohu ana i ngā ōrau papatipu o te emulsifier a me te emulsifier b i roto i te emulsifier whakauru (E tika ana tēnei tātai mō ngā emulsifier kore-ionic anake).

Ngā Tikanga Whakarite me ngā Take Whakaawe i ngā Emulsifiers

E whā ngā tikanga whakarite mō ngā emulsifier, arā, te tikanga kapia maroke, te tikanga kapia mākū, te tikanga whakaranu hinu-wai, me te tikanga mīhini.

Ko te tikanga kapia maroke ko te tāpiri i te wāhanga wai ki ngā emulsifier kei roto te wāhanga hinu. I te wā e whakarite ana, ka whakaranua tuatahitia te paura kapia (emulsifier) ​​kia ōrite ki te hinu, ka tāpirihia he nui o te wai, kātahi ka hurihia te ranunga ka whakaranua ki te emulsion tuatahi, ā, muri iho ka tāpirihia he wai hei whakawairite ki te rahinga katoa. Ko te tikanga kapia mākū ko te tāpiri i te wāhanga hinu ki ngā emulsifier kei roto te wāhanga wai. I te wā e whakarite ana, ka whakarewaina tuatahitia te kapia (emulsifier) ​​ki te wai hei hanga i te mucilage kapia hei wāhanga wai; kātahi ka tāpirihia te wāhanga hinu ki te wāhanga wai i roto i ngā puranga ka hurihia hei emulsion tuatahi, ā, muri iho ka tāpirihia te wai ki te rahinga katoa. Ko te tikanga whakaranu wāhanga hinu-wai e pā ana ki te whakaranu i te nui o te hinu me te wai, ka huri pai te kapia akasia ki roto i te moata, ka tāpirihia te ranunga hinu-wai ki roto hei huri tere ki te emulsion tuatahi, kātahi ka whakawairite ki te wai.

Ko te whāinga matua o te whakarite i ngā emulsifier ko te whakaemulsifying i ngā momo wai e rua, ā, he nui te pānga o te pānga emulsification ki te kounga o ngā emulsification. Ko ngā mea matua e pā ana ki te emulsification ko te kumetanga ā-mata, te matotoru me te pāmahana, te wā emulsification, me te horopeta o ngā emulsifier. I te nuinga o te wā, ka tīpakohia ngā emulsifier ka taea te whakaiti i te kumetanga ā-mata. Ko te pāmahana emulsification tino pai mō ngā emulsifier he tata ki te 70°C; ki te whakamahia ngā matū horoi kore-ionic hei emulsifier, kaua te pāmahana emulsification e neke ake i tō rātou pūwāhi kapua. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te teitei ake o te horopeta o ngā emulsifier, ka pumau ake ngā emulsions kua hangaia.