Uku ni ko emulsifiers zikora

Kubera ko imibereho y’abantu igenda irushaho kuba myiza, ibyo abaguzi bakeneye ku biribwa ntibikigarukira gusa ku ntungamubiri zikwiye. Basaba kandi imiterere ishimishije y’ibiryo, harimo imiterere, ibara, impumuro, uburyohe, imiterere ihamye n’ubushya.

Nk'inyongeramusaruro zihindura imiterere y'ibiribwa, emulsifiers zigira uruhare runini mu nganda z'ibiribwa. Reka turebere hamwe uburyo ikorwa ryaemulsifiers!

Emulsions

Emulsion ziboneka cyane mu biribwa. Igice kimwe kigizwe n'amazi cyangwa amazi, hamwe hitwa igice gikunda amazi; ikindi gice ni igice cy'ibinyabuzima kidahinduka hamwe n'amazi, kizwi kandi nka igice gikunda lipophilic. Iyo ibinyobwa bibiri bidashobora guhinduka nk'amazi n'amavuta bivanze, hashobora kubaho ubwoko bubiri bwa emulsion, ari byo emulsion z'amavuta mu mazi (O/W) na emulsion z'amazi mu mavuta (W/O). Mu emulsion z'amavuta mu mazi, amavuta akwirakwizwa mu mazi nk'ibitonyanga bito, ibitonyanga by'amavuta bikaba nk'igice gikwirakwizwa n'amazi nk'igice gikomeza. Amata ni urugero rusanzwe rwa emulsion ya O/W. Ku rundi ruhande, mu emulsion z'amazi mu mavuta, amazi akwirakwizwa mu mavuta nk'ibitonyanga bito, aho amazi akora nk'igice gikwirakwizwa n'amavuta nk'igice gikomeza, hamwe na margarine ikaba emulsion ihagarariye W/O.

Uburyo bwo gukora kwa Emulsifiers

Ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe mu biribwa, byitwa kandiibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, ni ibintu bihindura amazi adahinduka mo emulsions zikwirakwira neza. Nk'inyongeramusaruro ku biribwa, bishobora kugabanya cyane ubwumvikane hagati y'amavuta n'amazi nyuma yo gushyirwa mu biribwa, bityo bigatera emulsions zihamye ziturutse mu mavuta adahinduka (ibintu bidahinduka) n'amazi (ibintu bidahinduka).

Ku ruhande rumwe, emulsifiers zigira filime ntoya za molekile ku miyoboro irwanya imyuka y’ibice bibiri kugira ngo bigabanye ingufu zidafite ubuso bw’umubiri wose kandi bikore imiyoboro mishya. Molekile za emulsifier zirimo amatsinda yombi akunda amazi n’akunda lipophilic, ashobora kwinjira ku buso burwanya amavuta n’amazi kugira ngo akore urwego rworoshye rwa molekile kandi agabanye imbaraga hagati y’ibice bibiri. Mu buryo bwihariye, molekile za peteroli zikorana n’ibice bya emulsifier bya lipophilic mu gihe molekile z’amazi zikorana n’ibice bya emulsifier bya hydrophilic, kandi imikoranire hagati y’ibi mpande zombi ihindura imbaraga hagati y’ibice. Ku rundi ruhande, emulsifiers zigira urwego rwo kurinda amazi ku buso bw’ibitonyanga bito, bigaha ibitonyanga ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kugumana imbaraga. Muri rusange, ingano nini ya emulsifiers ituma imbaraga hagati y’ibice zigabanuka cyane. Ibi bituma ibintu bitavangwa bivanga neza kandi bigashyiraho sisitemu yo gutatanya ihuye, ihindura imiterere y’umubiri w’umwimerere, ikongera imiterere y’imbere y’ibiryo, kandi ikongera ireme ry’ibiribwa.

Agaciro k'Ingano y'Amazi n'Amavuta

Ingano y'amazi n'amavuta akomoka kuri lipophilic (HLB) agaciro: Ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe bifite ubushyuhe bukomeye muri rusange bikora emulsions z'amavuta mu mazi, mu gihe zigira ubushyuhe bukomeye zikora emulsions z'amazi mu mavuta. Agaciro ka HLB gakunze gukoreshwa kugira ngo hamenyekane uburinganire bwa emulsions z'amazi n'ubushyuhe no gupima ubushyuhe bwazo. Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kubara buboneka ku gaciro ka HLB:

Itandukaniro ry'uburyo: HLB = Ubushyuhe bw'amatsinda y'abantu bapfa amazi−Ubwicanyi bw'amatsinda akunda kwangiza amaraso

Imbonerahamwe y'ibipimo: HLB = Gukunda guhindagurika kw'amatsinda akunda guhindagurika kw'amazi / Gukunda guhindagurika kw'amatsinda akunda guhindagurika kw'amazi

Agaciro ka HLB ka buri emulsifier gashobora kugaragazwa mu buryo bw'igerageza. Bivugwa ko emulsifier zifite lipophilicity 100% (igaragazwa na parafini wax) zifite agaciro ka HLB ka 0, naho izifite hydrophilicity 100% (igaragazwa na potasiyumu oleate) zifite agaciro ka HLB ka 20. Intera iri hagati ya 0 na 20 igabanyijemo ibice 20 bingana kugira ngo hagaragazwe imbaraga za hydrophilicity na lipophilicity. Agaciro ka HLB kari hejuru gahuye na hydrophilicity ikomeye, mu gihe agaciro ka HLB kari hasi gasobanura lipophilicity ikomeye.

Inyinshi mu ngero z’ibiribwa zikoreshwa mu gupima ibiribwa ni surfactants zidafite ionic zifite agaciro ka HLB kuva kuri 0 kugeza kuri 20; imiterere ijyanye n’inyunganizi zidafite ionic zifite agaciro ka HLB gatandukanye iragaragara mu mbonerahamwe. Mu buryo bunyuranye, surfactants zidafite ionic zifite agaciro ka HLB kuva kuri 0 kugeza kuri 40. Kubwibyo, emulsifiers zifite agaciro ka HLB kari munsi ya 10 zikunze kuba zifite lipophilic, mu gihe zigira agaciro ka HLB kangana cyangwa karenze 10 zigaragaza imiterere idafite ionic.

Ku byuma bivanze bivanze, agaciro kabyo ka HLB ni inyongera. Kubwibyo, iyo bikoreshejwe byuma bibiri cyangwa byinshi bivanze, agaciro ka HLB k'ibyuma bivanze gashobora kubarwa hashingiwe ku bice by'uburemere bya buri cyuma kigize emulsifier: HLBa,b = HLBa·A% + HLBb·B%

Aho HLBa, b yerekana agaciro ka HLB k'uruvange rwa emulsifier a na emulsifier b; HLBa na HLBb bigaragaza agaciro ka HLB ka emulsifier a na emulsifier b; A% na B% bihagarariye ijanisha ry'ubunini bwa emulsifier a na emulsifier b muri emulsifier ivanze (Iyi formula ikoreshwa gusa ku emulsifier zidafite ionic).

Uburyo bwo gutegura n'ibintu bigira ingaruka kuri Emulsifiers

Hari uburyo bune bwo gutegura emulsifiers, ari bwo uburyo bw'ingunguru yumye, uburyo bw'ingunguru itose, uburyo bwo kuvanga amavuta n'amazi hamwe n'uburyo bwa mekanike.

Uburyo bw'ifu yumye bukubiyemo kongeramo igice cy'amazi mu gice cy'amavuta kirimo emulsifiers. Mu gihe cyo gutegura, ifu y'ifu y'ifu (emulsifier) ​​ibanza kuvangwa neza n'amavuta, hagashyirwaho ingano runaka y'amazi, hanyuma uruvange rugaseswa rugashyirwamo emulsion y'ibanze, hagakurikiraho kongeramo amazi kugira ngo ivange neza kugeza ku rugero rwuzuye. Uburyo bw'ifu y'ifu itose busobanura kongeramo igice cy'amavuta mu gice cy'amazi kirimo emulsifiers. Mu gutegura, ifu y'ifu (emulsifier) ​​ibanza gushonga mu mazi kugira ngo ikore mucilage y'ifu nk'igice cy'amazi; hanyuma igice cy'amavuta cyongerwamo igice cy'amazi mu byiciro hanyuma kikavangwa mu gice cy'ibanze, hanyuma amazi yongerwamo ingano yuzuye. Uburyo bwo kuvanga amavuta n'amazi buvuga kuvanga ingano runaka y'amavuta n'amazi, gusya ifu y'ifu y'ifu mu gishishwa, kongeramo uruvange rw'amazi n'amavuta kugira ngo ivange vuba vuba, hanyuma ivange n'amazi.

Gutegura emulsifiers bigamije ahanini gutera emulsifying ubwoko bubiri bw'ibinyobwa, kandi ingaruka za emulsification zigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza bwa emulsification. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku gutera emulsifying birimo imbaraga zo hagati y'ibinyobwa, ubushyuhe n'ubukonje, igihe cyo gutera emulsifying, n'ingano ya emulsifiers. Muri rusange, emulsifiers zishobora kugabanya imbaraga zo hagati y'ibinyobwa ziratoranywa. Ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gutera emulsifying ku biteza emulsifying ni hafi 70°C; niba surfactants zitari izoniyoni zikoreshwa nk'ibinyabutabire, ubushyuhe bwa emulsification ntibugomba kurenza aho biherereye mu gicu. Muri rusange, uko ingano ya emulsifiers ari nyinshi, ni ko emulsifiers zizaba zihamye kurushaho.