ʻO kēia ke ʻano o ka hana ʻana o nā emulsifiers

Me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ke kūlana ola o kānaka, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia nā koi o nā mea kūʻai aku no ka meaʻai i ka waiwai kūpono o ka meaʻai. Koi pū lākou i nā ʻano sensory kūpono o ka meaʻai, me ke ʻano, ke kala, ka ʻala, ka ʻono, ke kūlike a me ka hou.

Ma ke ʻano he mau mea hoʻohui meaʻai e hoʻololi ana i ke ʻano, he kuleana koʻikoʻi nā emulsifiers i ka ʻoihana meaʻai. E nānā kākou i ke ʻano hana onā mea hoʻohuihui!

Nā Emulsions

Loaʻa nui nā emulsions i nā meaʻai. ʻO kekahi pae he wai a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​wai hoʻonā, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka pae hydrophilic; ʻo kekahi pae he pae organik immixible me ka wai, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka pae lipophilic. Ke hui ʻia nā wai immixible ʻelua e like me ka wai a me ka ʻaila, hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia ʻelua ʻano emulsions, ʻo ia hoʻi nā emulsions ʻaila-i-ka-wai (O/W) a me nā emulsions wai-i-ka-ʻaila (W/O). I loko o nā emulsions ʻaila-i-ka-wai, hoʻopuehu ʻia ka ʻaila i loko o ka wai ma ke ʻano he mau kulu liʻiliʻi, me nā kulu ʻaila e lawelawe ana ma ke ʻano he pae hoʻopuehu a me ka wai ma ke ʻano he medium hoʻomau. ʻO ka waiū kahi laʻana maʻamau o kahi emulsion O/W. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, i loko o nā emulsions wai-i-ka-ʻaila, hoʻopuehu ʻia ka wai i loko o ka ʻaila ma ke ʻano he mau kulu liʻiliʻi, kahi e hana ai ka wai ma ke ʻano he pae hoʻopuehu a me ka ʻaila ma ke ʻano he medium hoʻomau, me ka margarine he emulsion W/O.

ʻAno Hana o nā Emulsifiers

ʻO nā emulsifiers meaʻai, i kapa ʻia hoʻinā mea hoʻoheheʻe, he mau mea e hoʻololi i nā wai immiscible i nā emulsions i hoʻopuehu like ʻia. Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohui meaʻai, hiki iā lākou ke hōʻemi nui i ka tension interfacial ma waena o nā pae aila a me ka wai ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana i loko o ka meaʻai, no laila e hana ana i nā emulsions paʻa mai ka aila immiscible (nā mea hydrophobic) a me ka wai (nā mea hydrophilic).

Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hana nā emulsifiers i nā ʻili molekala lahilahi ma nā ʻaoʻao hoʻopailua like ʻole o nā pae ʻelua e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka ikehu manuahi o ka ʻōnaehana holoʻokoʻa a hana i nā ʻaoʻao hou. Loaʻa i nā molekala emulsifier nā hui hydrophilic a me lipophilic, hiki ke hoʻopili i nā ʻili hoʻopailua like ʻole o ka ʻaila a me ka wai e hana i nā papa molekala lahilahi a hoʻemi i ke koʻikoʻi interfacial ma waena o nā pae ʻelua. I mea kikoʻī, launa pū nā molekala ʻaila me nā ʻāpana lipophilic o nā emulsifiers ʻoiai nā molekala wai e launa pū me nā ʻāpana hydrophilic o nā emulsifiers, a ʻo ka launa pū ʻana ma waena o kēia mau ʻaoʻao ʻelua e hoʻololi i ke koʻikoʻi interfacial. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hana nā emulsifiers i nā papa adsorption pale ma luna o ka ʻili o nā kulu liʻiliʻi, e hāʻawi ana i nā kulu me ka hoʻopaʻa steric ikaika. Ma keʻano laulā, ʻo ka nui o nā emulsifiers e alakaʻi i ka hōʻemi nui ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi interfacial. ʻAe kēia i nā mea i hoʻopili ʻole ʻia e hui like a hana i kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻolaha homogeneous, kahi e hoʻololi ai i ke kūlana kino mua, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o loko o ka meaʻai, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka meaʻai.

Ka Waiwai Kaulike Hydrophilic-Lipophilic

ʻO ke kaulike hydrophilic-lipophilic (HLB) waiwai: ʻO nā emulsifiers me ka hydrophilicity ikaika e hana maʻamau i nā emulsions aila-i-ka-wai, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea me ka lipophilicity ikaika e hana i nā emulsions wai-i-ka-aila. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka waiwai HLB e wehewehe i ke kaulike hydrophilic-lipophilic o nā emulsifiers a helu i ko lākou hydrophilicity. Loaʻa nā ʻano helu he nui no nā waiwai HLB:

ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano: HLB = Hydrophilicity o nā hui hydrophilic−ʻO ka lipophobicity o nā hui lipophilic

Haʻilula lakio: HLB = Hydrophilicity o nā hui hydrophilic / Lipophobicity o nā hui lipophilic

Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka waiwai HLB o kēlā me kēia emulsifier ma o ka hoʻokolohua. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia he 0 ka waiwai HLB o nā emulsifiers me 100% lipophilicity (i hōʻike ʻia e ka paraffin wax), a ʻo ka poʻe me 100% hydrophilicity (i hōʻike ʻia e ka potassium oleate) he 20 ka waiwai HLB. Ua māhele ʻia ka pae ma waena o 0 a me 20 i 20 mau ʻāpana like e hōʻike i ka ikaika o ka hydrophilicity a me ka lipophilicity. ʻO ka waiwai HLB kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka hydrophilicity ikaika, ʻoiai ʻo ka waiwai HLB haʻahaʻa e hōʻike ana i ka lipophilicity ikaika.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā emulsifiers papa meaʻai he mau surfactants nonionic me nā waiwai HLB mai 0 a 20; ua helu ʻia nā waiwai like o nā emulsifiers nonionic me nā waiwai HLB like ʻole ma ka papa. I ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana, loaʻa i nā surfactants ionic nā waiwai HLB e uhi ana i ka 0 a 40. No laila, ʻo nā emulsifiers me nā waiwai HLB ma lalo o 10 he lipophilic nui, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea me nā waiwai HLB like a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o 10 e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano hydrophilic.

No nā emulsifiers i hui pū ʻia, he mea hoʻohui ko lākou mau waiwai HLB. No laila, ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻelua a ʻoi aku paha nā emulsifiers i ka hui pū ʻana, hiki ke helu ʻia ka waiwai HLB o ka emulsifier i hui pū ʻia ma muli o nā ʻāpana nui o kēlā me kēia emulsifier constituent: HLBa,b = HLBa·A% + HLBb·B%

Ma kahi e hōʻike ai ʻo HLBa,b i ka waiwai HLB o ka hui ʻana o ka emulsifier a a me ka emulsifier b; Hōʻike ʻo HLBa a me HLBb i nā waiwai HLB pili o ka emulsifier a a me ka emulsifier b; Kū ʻo A% a me B% no nā pakeneka nui o ka emulsifier a a me ka emulsifier b i loko o ka emulsifier i hui ʻia (Pili wale kēia ʻano hana i nā emulsifier nonionic).

Nā ʻAno Hoʻomākaukau a me nā Kumu Hoʻohuli o nā Emulsifiers

ʻEhā mau ʻano hana hoʻomākaukau no nā emulsifiers, ʻo ia hoʻi ke ʻano gum maloʻo, ke ʻano gum pulu, ke ʻano hui ʻana o ka wai-ʻaila a me ke ʻano mechanical.

ʻO ke ʻano hana gum maloʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pae wai i ka pae ʻaila e loaʻa ana nā emulsifiers. I ka wā hoʻomākaukau, ua hui mua ʻia ka pauka gum (emulsifier) ​​me ka ʻaila, hoʻohui ʻia kekahi nui o ka wai, a wili ʻia ka hui a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka emulsion mua, a ukali ʻia e ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka wai e hoʻoheheʻe i ka nui piha. ʻO ke ʻano hana gum pulu ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pae ʻaila i ka pae wai e loaʻa ana nā emulsifiers. I ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, ua hoʻoheheʻe mua ʻia ka gum (emulsifier) ​​i loko o ka wai e hana i ka mucilage gum ma ke ʻano he pae wai; a laila hoʻohui ʻia ka pae ʻaila i ka pae wai i nā ʻāpana a wili ʻia i loko o ka emulsion mua, ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o ka wai i ka nui piha. ʻO ke ʻano hui ʻana o ka pae ʻaila-wai e pili ana i ka hui ʻana i kahi nui o ka ʻaila a me ka wai, e wili maikaʻi ana i ka gum acacia i loko o kahi mortar, e hoʻohui i ka hui ʻaila-wai i loko o ia mea e wili koke i loko o ka emulsion mua, a laila e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai.

ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā emulsifiers ka pahuhopu nui e emulsify i ʻelua ʻano wai, a ʻo ka hopena emulsification e hoʻopilikia nui i ka maikaʻi o nā emulsions. ʻO nā mea nui e pili ana i ka emulsification e pili ana i ka interfacial tension, viscosity a me ka mahana, ka manawa emulsification, a me ka nui o nā emulsifiers. Ma keʻano laulā, ua koho ʻia nā emulsifiers e hiki ke hōʻemi nui i ka interfacial tension. ʻO ka mahana emulsification kūpono no nā emulsifiers ma kahi o 70°C; inā hoʻohana ʻia nā surfactants nonionic ma ke ʻano he emulsifiers, ʻaʻole e ʻoi aku ka mahana o ka emulsification ma mua o ko lākou kiko ao. Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka dosage o nā emulsifiers, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o nā emulsions i hoʻokumu ʻia.