Tsarin ɗanyen maimasu cirewashine tsarin canza yanayin juyawar lokaci zuwa juyawa. Ƙara masu cirewa yana haifar da canjin lokaci, yana haifar da canjin lokaci.masu surfactants(masu cirewar ruwa) waɗanda ke samar da mayukan da suka bambanta da waɗanda masu cirewar ruwa suka samar. Irin waɗannan mayukan da ke cirewar ruwa suna amsawa da mayukan da ke haifar da ruwa don samar da hadaddun abubuwa, ta haka suna hana mayukan da ke haifar da ruwa su zama masu ƙarfi.
Tsarin fashewa na fim ɗin haɗin gwiwa. A ƙarƙashin yanayin dumama ko motsawa, masu cirewa suna samun damammaki masu yawa don yin karo da fim ɗin haɗin gwiwa na emulsions, shafa shi a kan fim ɗin haɗin gwiwa, ko kuma maye gurbin wani ɓangare na abubuwan da ke aiki a saman. Wannan yana karya fim ɗin haɗin gwiwa, yana rage kwanciyar hankalinsa sosai kuma yana haifar da rushewa ta hanyar flocculation da coacence.
Sau da yawa, man fetur yana fitowa yayin samarwa da tace kayayyakin mai. Yawancin manyan man fetur a duniya ana fitar da su ne ta hanyar emulsions. Emulsion ya ƙunshi aƙalla ruwa biyu da ba za a iya narkarwa ba, ɗaya daga cikinsu an dakatar da shi azaman mai yaɗuwa sosai.—digogi masu diamita kusan 1 mm—a cikin wani ruwa.
Ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ruwa yawanci ruwa ne, ɗayan kuma yawanci mai ne. Mai na iya watsuwa a matsayin ƙananan ɗigon ruwa a cikin ruwa, yana samar da mai a cikin ruwa, inda ruwa ke aiki a matsayin lokaci mai ci gaba da mai a matsayin lokaci mai warwatse. Akasin haka, lokacin da mai ke aiki a matsayin lokaci mai ci gaba da ruwa a matsayin lokaci mai warwatse, ana rarraba emulsion a matsayin ruwa a cikin mai. Yawancin emulsions na ɗanyen mai suna faɗuwa cikin wannan rukuni.
Kwayoyin ruwa suna jan hankalin juna, kuma kwayoyin mai suna yin aiki iri ɗaya. Duk da haka, ƙarfin da ke haifar da ƙiyayya yana wanzuwa tsakanin ƙwayoyin ruwa daban-daban da ƙwayoyin mai, waɗanda ke aiki a mahaɗin mai da ruwan. Tashin hankali a saman yana rage yankin wannan mahaɗin. Saboda wannan dalili, digogin ruwa a cikin emulsions na ruwa-cikin-mai (W/O) suna ɗaukar siffar ƙwallo. Bugu da ƙari, digogin ruwa masu rarrabe suna samar da tarawa waɗanda jimlar yankin saman su ya fi ƙasa da jimlar yankunan saman duk digogi daban-daban. Saboda haka, emulsions waɗanda aka haɗa kawai da ruwa mai tsarki da mai tsarki ba su da kwanciyar hankali a yanayin zafi; matakin da aka watsa yana iya yin flocculate, yana samar da layuka biyu daban-daban. Ana iya magance ƙarfin da ke haifar da ƙiyayya a tsakanin fuska, kuma ana rage tashin hankali a saman ta hanyar tara sinadarai na musamman a mahaɗin mai da ruwan. A fasaha, ana amfani da wannan tasirin sosai a cikin samar da masana'antu ta hanyar ƙara sanannun emulsifiers don samar da emulsions masu karko. Duk wani abu da ke iya daidaita emulsions ta wannan hanyar dole ne ya sami tsarin sinadarai wanda ke hulɗa da kwayoyin ruwa da mai a lokaci guda, wato yana ɗauke da rukuni ɗaya na hydrophilic da rukuni ɗaya na hydrophobic.
Ana daidaita sinadarin mai ta hanyar abubuwa na halitta da ke cikin ɗanyen mai, waɗanda galibi suna ɗauke da ƙungiyoyin aiki na polar kamar carboxyl ko phenolic groups. Waɗannan abubuwa na iya wanzuwa a cikin nau'in mafita ko warwatsewar colloidal kuma suna nuna yanayin shaƙa a saman ƙarshen. A irin waɗannan yanayi, yawancin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna warwatse a cikin matakin mai kuma suna taruwa a mahaɗin mai da ruwa, inda suke daidaitawa gefe da gefe tare da ƙungiyoyin polar ɗinsu da ke fuskantar matakin ruwa, a ƙarshe suna samar da fim ɗin da ke da daidaito a zahiri. Wannan fim ɗin yana kunshe da abubuwa masu ƙarfi kamar yadudduka na barbashi ko lu'ulu'u na paraffin, waɗanda ake iya gani a ido tsirara. Wannan tsarin yana la'akari da tsufa da wahalar lalata ƙwayoyin mai.
[An cire rubutun Sinanci mara mahimmanci]
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, bincike kan hanyoyin rage yawan man fetur ya fi mayar da hankali kan cikakkun bayanai game da tsarin hadakar droplet da tasirin demulsifiers akan halayen rheological tsakanin fuskoki. Duk da haka, hulɗar da ke tsakanin demulsifiers da emulsions tana da matuƙar rikitarwa. Duk da bincike mai zurfi da aka gudanar a wannan fanni, har yanzu ba a cimma matsaya ɗaya ba kan hanyoyin rage yawan man fetur.
An bayyana wasu hanyoyin warwarewa da aka sani sosai kamar haka:
③Tsarin Rage ...
④Tsarin Canzawa Mai Naɗewa: Abubuwan da aka lura a cikin na'urar microscopic sun tabbatar da cewa emulsions na W/O suna da harsashin ruwa mai kusurwa biyu ko fiye da ɗaya wanda aka raba ta hanyar mai. A ƙarƙashin haɗakar dumama, juyawa da kuma maganin cirewa, layukan ɗigon ruwa na ciki suna haɗuwa, suna haifar da haɗuwa da ɗigon ruwa da kuma rushewa.
Bugu da ƙari, binciken cikin gida ya kuma binciki hanyoyin da ake bi wajen rage yawan man fetur a cikin ruwa (O/W). Bincike ya nuna cewa dole ne a cika muhimman buƙatu guda huɗu: ƙarfin aiki mai ƙarfi a saman, ƙarfin danshi mai kyau, isasshen ƙarfin flocculation, da kuma kyakkyawan aikin haɗin gwiwa.
Na'urorin rage hasken wuta sun ƙunshi nau'ikan na'urori iri-iri. An rarraba su bisa ga ƙa'idodin rarrabuwar surfactant, sun faɗi cikin nau'i huɗu: na'urorin rage hasken wuta na cationic, anionic, nonionic, da na'urorin rage hasken wuta na amphoteric.
Sinadaran anionic demulsifiers sun haɗa da carboxylates, sulfonates, da gishirin polyoxyethylene fatty sulfate, waɗanda ke fuskantar matsaloli kamar buƙatar yawan shan magani, ingancin narkewar ruwa mai yawa, da kuma sauƙin kamuwa da lalacewar aiki da electrolytes ke haifarwa.
Sinadaran cationic sune gishirin ammonium na quaternary, waɗanda ke ba da kyakkyawan aikin narkewar ruwa ga ɗanyen mai kaɗan amma ba su dace da mai mai yawa da man fetur da ya tsufa ba.
Masu lalata na nonionicGalibi sun ƙunshi polyethers na toshewa waɗanda amines suka fara, polyethers na toshewa waɗanda alcohols suka fara, polyethers na resin alkylphenol-formaldehyde, polyethers na resin phenol-amine-formaldehyde, masu lalata silicon, masu lalata ƙwayoyin halitta masu nauyin gaske, polyphosphates, polyethers na toshewa da aka gyara, da kuma masu lalata amphoteric waɗanda masu lalata ɗanyen mai na imidazoline suka wakilta.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-09-2026