Njira ya mafuta osakonzedwazochotsa mungundi njira yosinthira-kusintha kwa gawo. Kuwonjezeredwa kwa ma demulsifiers kumayambitsa kusintha kwa gawo, zomwe zimapangitsazinthu zopangira ma surfactants(zochotsa poizoni m'thupi) zomwe zimapanga ma emulsions osiyana ndi omwe amapangidwa ndi ma emulsifiers. Zochotsa poizoni m'thupi zotere zimachita ndi ma emulsifiers okonda madzi kuti apange ma complexes, motero zimalepheretsa ma emulsifiers mphamvu yawo yochotsa poizoni m'thupi.
Njira yophulika kwa filimu ya interfacial. Pa kutentha kapena kusonkhezera, ma demulsifier amapeza mwayi wochuluka wogundana ndi filimu ya interfacial ya emulsions, kumamatira ku filimu ya interfacial, kapena kuchotsa gawo la zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito pamwamba. Izi zimaphwanya filimu ya interfacial, kuchepetsa kwambiri kukhazikika kwake ndikupangitsa kuti ichotsedwe kudzera mu flocculation ndi coalescence.
Mafuta osaphikidwa nthawi zambiri amatuluka popanga ndi kuyeretsa zinthu zamafuta. Mafuta ambiri osaphikidwa padziko lonse lapansi amachotsedwa mu mawonekedwe a mafuta osaphikidwa. Mafuta osaphikidwa amakhala ndi zakumwa ziwiri zosaphikidwa, chimodzi mwa izo chimayikidwa ngati zosakaniza zazing'ono kwambiri.—madontho okhala ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 1 mm—mu madzi ena.
Chimodzi mwa zakumwazi nthawi zambiri chimakhala madzi, ndipo china chimakhala mafuta. Mafuta amatha kufalikira ngati madontho ang'onoang'ono mkati mwa madzi, ndikupanga emulsion yamafuta m'madzi, komwe madzi amakhala gawo lopitilira ndipo mafuta ngati gawo lofalikira. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, mafuta akamagwira ntchito ngati gawo lopitilira ndipo madzi ngati gawo lofalikira, emulsion imagawidwa ngati madzi m'mafuta. Ma emulsion ambiri amafuta osakonzedwa amagwera m'gululi.
Mamolekyu amadzi amakokana, ndipo mamolekyu amafuta amachita chimodzimodzi. Komabe, pali mphamvu zonyansa pakati pa mamolekyu amadzi ndi mamolekyu amafuta, omwe amagwira ntchito pamalo olumikizirana mafuta ndi madzi. Kukanika kwa pamwamba kumachepetsa dera la malo olumikizirana awa. Pachifukwa ichi, madontho amadzi mu ma emulsion amadzi-mu-mafuta (W/O) amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira. Kuphatikiza apo, madontho amadzi osiyana nthawi zambiri amapanga ma aggregates omwe malo awo onse pamwamba ndi ochepa kuposa kuchuluka kwa malo onse pamwamba pa madontho onse osiyana. Chifukwa chake, ma emulsion opangidwa ndi madzi oyera okha ndi mafuta oyera sakhazikika pa thermodynamically; gawo logawanika limakonda kuyandama, ndikupanga zigawo ziwiri zosiyana. Mphamvu zotsutsana ndi pakati zimatha kuthetsedwa, ndipo kukanika kwa pamwamba kumachepetsedwa posonkhanitsa zinthu zapadera za mankhwala pamalo olumikizirana mafuta ndi madzi. Mwaukadaulo, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mafakitale powonjezera ma emulsifier odziwika bwino kuti apange ma emulsion okhazikika. Chinthu chilichonse chomwe chingathe kukhazikika ma emulsion mwanjira iyi chiyenera kukhala ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala komwe kamagwirizana ndi mamolekyu amadzi ndi mafuta nthawi imodzi, omwe ali ndi gulu limodzi lokonda madzi ndi gulu limodzi lokonda madzi.
Mafuta opangidwa ndi mafuta osakonzedwa amakhazikika ndi zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimapezeka mu mafuta osakonzedwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magulu ogwira ntchito ngati ma carboxyl kapena ma phenolic. Zinthuzi zitha kukhalapo ngati njira zothetsera mavuto kapena ma colloidal dispersions ndipo zimawonetsa chizolowezi chomamatira pamalo omalizira. Zikatero, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tambiri timafalikira mkati mwa gawo la mafuta ndikusonkhana pamalo olumikizirana ndi madzi a mafuta, komwe timalumikizana ndi magulu awo a polar omwe amayang'ana gawo lamadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti filimu yolumikizana ikhale yokhazikika. Filimuyi imakutidwa ndi zinthu zolimba zofanana ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena makhiristo a parafini, omwe amawoneka ndi maso. Njirayi imafotokoza za kukalamba komanso zovuta kwa ma emulsion a mafuta osakonzedwa.
[Malemba achi China osokonezeka achotsedwa]
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kafukufuku wokhudza njira zochotsera mafuta m'thupi pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta osakonzedwa bwino wakhala akuyang'ana kwambiri pa kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane njira zochotsera mafuta m'thupi pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta komanso momwe ma demulsifiers amakhudzira mphamvu za rheological za interfacial. Komabe, kuyanjana pakati pa ma demulsifiers ndi ma emulsions n'kovuta kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wambiri wachitika m'derali, palibe mgwirizano womwe wapezeka pa njira zochotsera mafuta m'thupi pogwiritsa ntchito mafuta osakonzedwa bwino.
Njira zingapo zodziwika bwino zochotsera mungu zafotokozedwa motere:
③Njira Yosungunula: Chiwerengero chimodzi kapena zingapo za mamolekyulu a demulsifier zimatha kusonkhana kukhala ma micelles. Ma macromolecular coils kapena ma micelles oterewa amasungunula mamolekyulu a emulsifier, zomwe zimayambitsa kusungunuka kwa ma emulsions a mafuta osakonzedwa.
④Njira Yosinthira Maonekedwe: Kuwona kwa microscopic kumatsimikizira kuti ma emulsion a W/O ali ndi zipolopolo zamadzi ziwiri kapena zingapo zozungulira zomwe zimalekanitsidwa ndi zigawo zamafuta. Pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha, kusakaniza ndi kusungunula, zigawo zamkati za madontho zimalumikizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madontho azigwirizana komanso kuti madontho asamayende bwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wa m'dziko muno wafufuzanso njira zochotsera mafuta m'madzi (O/W). Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti chochotsera mafuta m'madzi choyenera chiyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zinayi zofunika: kugwira ntchito bwino pamwamba, kunyowa bwino, mphamvu yokwanira yosuntha, komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri.
Ma demulsifiers ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Potengera miyezo ya gulu la surfactant, amagawidwa m'mitundu inayi: cationic, anionic, nonionic, ndi amphoteric demulsifiers.
Ma demulsifier a Anionic akuphatikizapo ma carboxylates, ma sulfonates, ndi mchere wa polyoxyethylene fatty sulfate, omwe ali ndi zovuta monga kufunikira kwa mlingo wambiri, magwiridwe antchito apakati a demulsification, komanso kuthekera kolephera kugwira ntchito bwino chifukwa cha ma electrolytes.
Ma cationic demulsifiers ndi mchere wa ammonium wa quaternary, womwe umapereka mphamvu yodabwitsa ya demulsification ya mafuta osaphika koma sali oyenera mafuta olemera ndi mafuta osaphika okalamba.
Zochotsa mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe sizili za ionicMakamaka amakhala ndi ma polyether oyambira omwe amayambitsidwa ndi ma amine, ma polyether oyambira omwe amayambitsidwa ndi ma alcohols, ma polyether oyambira a alkylphenol-formaldehyde resin, ma polyether oyambira a phenol-amine-formaldehyde resin, ma demulsifier okhala ndi silicon, ma demulsifier olemera kwambiri, ma polyphosphate, ma polyether osinthidwa, komanso ma demulsifier a amphoteric omwe amaimidwa ndi ma demulsifiers opangidwa ndi imidazoline.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-09-2026