Lub mechanism ntawm kev siv roj avcov tshuaj demulsifiersyog lub tshuab hloov pauv theem-rov qab hloov pauv. Kev ntxiv cov demulsifiers ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv theem, tsim tawmcov tshuaj surfactants(cov tshuaj demulsifiers rov qab) uas tsim cov emulsions ntawm hom sib txawv rau cov uas tsim los ntawm emulsifiers. Cov demulsifiers no ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw nrog cov hydrophobic emulsifiers los tsim cov complexes, yog li ua rau cov emulsifiers tsis muaj peev xwm emulsifying.
Txoj kev tawg ntawm zaj duab xis interfacial. Thaum muaj cua sov lossis do, cov demulsifiers muaj ntau lub sijhawm los sib tsoo nrog zaj duab xis interfacial ntawm cov emulsions, nqus mus rau ntawm zaj duab xis interfacial, lossis tshem ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv surfactant. Qhov no ua rau zaj duab xis interfacial tawg, txo nws qhov kev ruaj khov thiab ua rau demulsification los ntawm flocculation thiab coalescence.
Cov roj av emulsion feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm tsim thiab ua kom cov khoom siv roj av. Feem ntau cov roj av loj thoob ntiaj teb raug rho tawm hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov emulsions. Ib qho emulsion muaj tsawg kawg yog ob lub kua uas tsis sib xyaw, ib qho yog dais ua cov khoom sib xyaw zoo heev.—cov tee dej uas muaj txoj kab uas hla li ntawm 1 hli—hauv lwm cov kua.
Feem ntau ib qho ntawm cov kua no yog dej, thiab lwm qhov feem ntau yog roj. Roj tuaj yeem tawg ua cov tee me me hauv dej, tsim cov roj-hauv-dej emulsion, qhov twg dej ua haujlwm ua theem txuas ntxiv thiab roj ua theem tawg. Ntawm qhov tod tes, thaum roj ua haujlwm ua theem txuas ntxiv thiab dej ua theem tawg, cov emulsion raug cais ua dej-hauv-roj. Feem ntau ntawm cov roj nyoos emulsions poob rau hauv pawg no.
Cov dej molecule nyiam ib leeg, thiab cov roj molecule coj tus cwj pwm zoo ib yam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov zog repulsive muaj nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov dej molecule thiab cov roj molecule, uas ua haujlwm ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm roj-dej. Kev nruj ntawm qhov chaw txo qhov chaw ntawm qhov sib txuas no. Vim li no, cov dej tee dej hauv cov dej-hauv-roj (W/O) emulsions txais yuav lub duab kheej kheej. Ntxiv mus, cov dej tee sib cais feem ntau tsim cov aggregates uas tag nrho thaj chaw ntawm qhov chaw me dua qhov sib sau ua ke ntawm thaj chaw ntawm txhua qhov tee dej sib cais. Yog li ntawd, cov emulsions uas tsim los ntawm dej ntshiab thiab roj ntshiab yog thermodynamically tsis ruaj khov; cov theem dispersed feem ntau flocculate, tsim ob txheej sib txawv. Cov zog interfacial repulsive tuaj yeem tiv thaiv, thiab kev nruj ntawm qhov chaw txo qis los ntawm kev sib sau ua ke cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov sib txuas ntawm roj-dej. Technically, qhov cuam tshuam no tau siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam los ntawm kev ntxiv cov emulsifiers paub zoo los tsim cov emulsions ruaj khov. Txhua yam khoom uas muaj peev xwm ruaj khov emulsions hauv txoj kev no yuav tsum muaj cov qauv tshuaj uas cuam tshuam nrog ob qho tib si dej thiab roj molecules tib lub sijhawm, uas yog muaj ib pawg hydrophilic thiab ib pawg hydrophobic.
Cov roj av emulsions raug ruaj khov los ntawm cov khoom ntuj tsim uas muaj nyob hauv cov roj av, uas feem ntau muaj cov pab pawg polar xws li carboxyl lossis phenolic. Cov tshuaj no yuav muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj lossis colloidal dispersions thiab qhia txog kev nyiam adsorbing rau ntawm qhov chaw kawg. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, feem ntau cov microparticles tawg hauv cov roj theem thiab sib sau ua ke ntawm cov roj-dej interface, qhov twg lawv sib phim ib sab nrog lawv cov pab pawg polar uas taw qhia rau cov dej theem, thaum kawg tsim cov zaj duab xis interfacial ruaj khov. Zaj duab xis no yog encapsulated los ntawm cov khoom khov zoo li cov txheej particulate lossis paraffin crystals, uas pom tau rau lub qhov muag liab qab. Lub tshuab no suav nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev laus thiab nyuaj demulsification ntawm cov roj av emulsions.
[Cov ntawv Suav uas tsis meej thiab tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam raug tshem tawm]
Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, kev tshawb fawb txog cov txheej txheem demulsification ntawm cov roj av emulsions tau tsom mus rau kev piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem coalescence ntawm cov dej ntws thiab cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm demulsifiers rau cov khoom rheological interfacial. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm demulsifiers thiab emulsions yog qhov nyuaj heev. Txawm hais tias muaj kev tshawb fawb ntau yam hauv daim teb no, tsis muaj kev pom zoo sib koom ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem demulsification tau txog niaj hnub no.
Muaj ntau txoj kev demulsification uas tau lees paub dav dav raws li hauv qab no:
③Lub Thawv Ua Kom Yaj: Ib lossis ob peb lub molecule demulsifier tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke ua micelles. Cov kauj macromolecular lossis micelles no ua rau cov molecule emulsifier yaj, ua rau cov roj av emulsification demulsification.
④Txoj Kev Hloov Pauv Uas Quav Tau: Kev soj ntsuam me me lees paub tias cov emulsions W/O muaj ob lossis ntau lub plhaub dej sib xyaw ua ke sib cais los ntawm cov roj sib xyaw. Nyob rau hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev ua kom sov, kev sib xyaw thiab kev kho demulsifier, cov txheej sab hauv ntawm cov tee dej sib txuas, ua rau cov tee dej sib sau ua ke thiab demulsification.
Ntxiv rau, kev tshawb fawb hauv tsev kuj tau tshawb nrhiav cov txheej txheem demulsification rau cov roj-hauv-dej (O/W) cov roj nyoos emulsion systems. Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias lub demulsifier zoo tagnrho yuav tsum ua tiav plaub qhov yuav tsum tau ua tseem ceeb: kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw muaj zog, kev ntub dej zoo heev, muaj peev xwm flocculation txaus, thiab kev ua tau zoo heev.
Cov demulsifiers muaj ntau hom. Muab faib ua plaub hom raws li cov qauv kev faib tawm surfactant: cationic, anionic, nonionic, thiab amphoteric demulsifiers.
Cov tshuaj anionic demulsifiers suav nrog carboxylates, sulfonates, thiab polyoxyethylene fatty sulfate ntsev, muaj cov teeb meem xws li kev xav tau ntau npaum li cas, kev ua haujlwm demulsification nruab nrab, thiab kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm puas tsuaj los ntawm electrolytes.
Cov tshuaj cationic demulsifiers feem ntau yog cov ntsev quaternary ammonium, uas muab kev ua tau zoo demulsification rau cov roj nyoos sib dua tab sis tsis haum rau cov roj hnyav thiab cov roj nyoos laus.
Cov khoom siv demulsifiers uas tsis yog ionicfeem ntau muaj cov polyethers thaiv uas pib los ntawm amines, thaiv polyethers pib los ntawm cawv, alkylphenol-formaldehyde resin thaiv polyethers, phenol-amine-formaldehyde resin thaiv polyethers, silicon-muaj demulsifiers, ultra-high molecular hnyav demulsifiers, polyphosphates, hloov kho thaiv polyethers, nrog rau amphoteric demulsifiers sawv cev los ntawm imidazoline-based crude oil demulsifiers.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Xya Hli-09-2026