Indlela osebenza ngayo uwoyela ongahluziweama-demulsifierkuyindlela yokuguquguquka kwesigaba sokudlulisa-ukubuyela emuva. Ukwengezwa kwama-demulsifier kubangela ukuguquka kwesigaba, okukhiqizaama-surfactant(ama-demulsifier angemuva) akha ama-emulsion ohlobo oluhlukile kulawo akhiwe ama-emulsifier. Ama-demulsifier anjalo asabela nama-emulsifier angenawo umoya ukuze akhe ama-complex, ngaleyo ndlela aphuce ama-emulsifier amandla awo okuhlanganisa.
Indlela yokuqhekeka kwefilimu ye-interfacial yokushayisana. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa noma zokuxubha, ama-demulsifier athola amathuba amaningi okushayisana nefilimu ye-interfacial yama-emulsion, anamathele kwifilimu ye-interfacial, noma asuse ingxenye yezinto ezisebenza ebusweni. Lokhu kugqabula ifilimu ye-interfacial, kunciphisa kakhulu ukuzinza kwayo futhi kuholele ekuqhekekeni kwe-mulsification nge-flocculation kanye ne-coalescence.
Ama-emulsion kawoyela ongahluziwe avame ukuvela ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa nokuhluzwa kwemikhiqizo kaphethiloli. Iningi lamafutha angahluziwe amakhulu emhlabeni wonke akhishwa ngendlela yama-emulsion. I-emulsion iqukethe okungenani uketshezi olubili olungaxubeki, olulodwa lwalo olumiswe njenge-dispersions encane kakhulu.—amaconsi anobubanzi obungaba ngu-1 mm—kolunye uketshezi.
Olunye lwalezi ziphuzo luvame ukuba ngamanzi, kanti olunye luvame ukuba uwoyela. Uwoyela ungasakazeka njengamaconsi amancane ngaphakathi kwamanzi, wakhe i-emulsion yamafutha emanzini, lapho amanzi esebenza njengesigaba esiqhubekayo kanye namafutha njengesigaba esihlakazekile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho uwoyela usebenza njengesigaba esiqhubekayo kanye namanzi njengesigaba esihlakazekile, i-emulsion ihlukaniswa njenge-water-in-oil. Iningi lama-emulsion kawoyela ongahluziwe liwela kulesi sigaba.
Ama-molecule amanzi ayakhangana, kanti ama-molecule kawoyela aziphatha ngendlela efanayo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona amandla okuxosha phakathi kwama-molecule amanzi ngamanye nama-molecule kawoyela, asebenza endaweni yokuhlangana kwamafutha namanzi. Ukucindezeleka kobuso kunciphisa indawo yalesi sixhumanisi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amaconsi amanzi kuma-emulsion amanzi-ku-oyela (W/O) athatha isimo esiyindilinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaconsi amanzi ahlukene avame ukwakha ama-aggregates indawo yawo yonke yobuso incane kunesamba sezindawo zobuso zawo wonke amaconsi ahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-emulsion akhiwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile kanye namafutha ahlanzekile kuphela awazinzile ngokwe-thermodynamic; isigaba esihlakazekile sivame ukugobhoza, sakhe izendlalelo ezimbili ezihlukile. Amandla okuxosha aphakathi kobuso angavinjelwa, futhi ukucindezeleka kobuso kuncishiswe ngokuqongelela izinto ezikhethekile zamakhemikhali endaweni yokuhlangana kwamafutha namanzi. Ngobuchwepheshe, lo mphumela usetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni ngokungeza ama-emulsifier aziwayo ukukhiqiza ama-emulsion azinzile. Noma iyiphi into ekwazi ukuzinzisa ama-emulsion ngale ndlela kumele ibe nesakhiwo samakhemikhali esisebenzisana nama-molecule amanzi kanye namafutha ngasikhathi sinye, okuqukethe iqembu elilodwa elithanda amanzi kanye neqembu elilodwa elithanda amanzi.
Ama-emulsion kawoyela ongahluziwe aqiniswa yizinto zemvelo ezitholakala ku-oyela ongahluziwe, ngokuvamile athwala amaqembu asebenzayo e-polar njengeqembu le-carboxyl noma le-phenolic. Lezi zinto zingase zibe khona ngesimo sezixazululo noma ukuhlakazeka kwe-colloidal futhi zibonise ukuthambekela okubonakalayo kokumunca ezindaweni zokugcina. Ezimweni ezinjalo, iningi lama-microparticles liyahlakazeka ngaphakathi kwesigaba samafutha futhi liqongelela endaweni yokuhlangana namanzi kawoyela, lapho livumelana khona namaqembu alo e-polar aqondiswe esigabeni samanzi, ekugcineni akhe ifilimu yokuxhumana ezinzile ngokomzimba. Le filimu ihlanganiswe yizinto eziqinile ezifana nezendlalelo zezinhlayiya noma amakristalu e-paraffin, abonakala ngeso lenyama. Le ndlela ichaza izici zokuguga nobunzima be-demulsification yama-emulsion kawoyela ongahluziwe.
[Umbhalo wesiShayina oxutshwe ngendlela engafanele ukhishiwe]
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo ngezindlela zokususa i-mulsification zama-emulsion kawoyela ongahluziwe lugxile kakhulu ekuchazeni okuningiliziwe kwezinqubo zokuhlanganisa amaconsi kanye nomthelela wama-demulsifier ezimpahleni ze-rheological ze-interfacial. Noma kunjalo, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwama-demulsifier nama-emulsion kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Naphezu kocwaningo olubanzi olwenziwe kulo mkhakha, akukho ukuvumelana okuhlangene mayelana nezindlela zokususa i-mulsification eziye zafinyelelwa kuze kube manje.
Izindlela eziningana zokususa i-mulsification eziqashelwa kabanzi zichazwe kanje:
③Indlela Yokuncibilikisa: Inani elilodwa noma elincane lama-molecule e-demulsifier lingahlangana libe ama-micelles. Ama-coil noma ama-micelles anjalo ancibilikisa ama-molecule e-emulsifier, okubangela ukuncibilikisa ama-emulsion kawoyela ongahluziwe.
④Indlela Yokuguqulwa Okugoqiwe: Ukubonwa kwe-Microscopic kuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-emulsion e-W/O anezigobolondo zamanzi eziphindwe kabili noma eziningi ezihlukaniswe yizingqimba zamafutha. Ngaphansi kokwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe kokushisa, ukuxubha kanye ne-demulsifier, izendlalelo zangaphakathi zamaconsi ziyahlangana, okubangela ukuhlangana kwamaconsi kanye ne-demulsification.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwasekhaya luphinde lwahlola izindlela zokususa i-mulsification zezinhlelo zokususa i-oyili emanzini angahluziwe (O/W). Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi i-demulsifier efanelekile kumele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezine ezibalulekile: umsebenzi oqinile wobuso, ukumanzisa okuhle kakhulu, amandla okwanele okugeleza, kanye nokusebenza okuvelele kokuhlangana.
Ama-demulsifier ahlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene. Njengoba ehlukaniswe ngezindinganiso zokuhlukanisa i-surfactant, awela ezinhlotsheni ezine: ama-cationic, ama-anionic, ama-nonionic, kanye nama-amphoteric demulsifiers.
Ama-demulsifier e-anionic afaka ama-carboxylates, ama-sulfonates, kanye nosawoti we-polyoxyethylene fatty sulfate, anezinkinga ezifana nezidingo eziphezulu zomthamo, ukusebenza kahle kwe-demulsification okuphakathi, kanye nokuthambekela ekuwohlokeni kokusebenza okubangelwa ama-electrolyte.
Ama-demulsifier e-cationic ngokuyinhloko angama-quaternary ammonium salts, anikeza ukusebenza okuphawulekayo kwe-demulsification kumafutha aluhlaza alula kodwa awafaneleki kumafutha asindayo kanye namafutha aluhlaza agugile.
Ama-demulsifier angewona ama-ionicikakhulukazi aqukethe ama-block polyether aqalwe ama-amine, ama-block polyether aqalwe ama-alcohols, ama-alkylphenol-formaldehyde resin block polyethers, ama-phenol-amine-formaldehyde resin block polyethers, ama-demulsifier aqukethe i-silicon, ama-demulsifiers anesisindo sama-molecule aphezulu kakhulu, ama-polyphosphates, ama-modified block polyethers, kanye nama-demulsifiers e-amphoteric amelwe ama-demulsifiers kawoyela ongahluziwe asekelwe ku-imidazoline.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-09-2026