E kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā mea hoʻohemo ʻaila maka

ʻO ke ʻano hana o ka ʻaila makanā mea hoʻohemo i nā mea hoʻoheheʻeʻo ia ke ʻano hana hoʻololi hoʻololi-hoʻohuli. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā demulsifiers e hoʻoulu ai i kahi hoʻololi pae, e hana ananā mea hoʻoheheʻe(nā mea hoʻokaʻawale hope) e hana ana i nā emulsions o ke ʻano kū'ē i nā mea i hana ʻia e nā emulsifiers. Hoʻopili kēlā mau mea hoʻokaʻawale me nā emulsifiers hydrophobic e hana i nā paʻakikī, a laila e hoʻonele ana i nā emulsifiers i ko lākou hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale.

ʻO ke ʻano haki ʻana o ka ʻili interfacial collision. Ma lalo o nā kūlana hoʻomehana a hoʻoulu paha, loaʻa i nā demulsifiers nā manawa kūpono he nui e kuʻi me ka ʻili interfacial o nā emulsions, adsorb ma luna o ka ʻili interfacial, a hoʻoneʻe paha i kahi ʻāpana o nā mea hana ma luna. Hoʻopōʻino kēia i ka ʻili interfacial, e hōʻemi nui ana i kona kūpaʻa a alakaʻi i ka demulsification ma o ka flocculation a me ka coalescence.

Hoʻopuka pinepine ʻia nā emulsions aila maka i ka wā o ka hana ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā huahana petroleum. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hapa nui o nā aila maka nui ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano o nā emulsions. Aia kahi emulsion ma ka liʻiliʻi he ʻelua mau wai immiscible, kahi o ia mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ke ʻano he mau dispersions maikaʻi loa.—nā kulu me ke anawaena o kahi o 1 mm—i loko o ka wai ʻē aʻe.

ʻO kekahi o kēia mau wai he wai maʻamau, a ʻo kekahi he ʻaila maʻamau. Hiki i ka ʻaila ke hoʻopuehu ʻia e like me nā kulu liʻiliʻi i loko o ka wai, e hana ana i kahi emulsion ʻaila-i-ka-wai, kahi e lawelawe ai ka wai ma ke ʻano he pae hoʻomau a me ka ʻaila ma ke ʻano he pae hoʻopuehu. I ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ke hana ka ʻaila ma ke ʻano he pae hoʻomau a me ka wai ma ke ʻano he pae hoʻopuehu, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka emulsion ma ke ʻano he wai-i-ka-ʻaila. Hāʻule ka hapa nui o nā emulsions ʻaila maka i loko o kēia māhele.

Hoʻowalewale nā ​​molekole wai kekahi i kekahi, a hana like nā molekole aila. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā mana repulsive ma waena o nā molekole wai pākahi a me nā molekole aila, e hana ana ma ka pilina aila-wai. Hoʻemi ka ʻili o ka ʻili i ka wahi o kēia pilina. No kēia kumu, lawe nā kulu wai i loko o nā emulsions wai-i-ka-aila (W/O) i kahi ʻano poepoe. Eia kekahi, hana nā kulu wai discrete i nā aggregates nona ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa i ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka huina o nā ʻili o nā kulu āpau. No laila, ʻo nā emulsions i haku wale ʻia me ka wai maʻemaʻe a me ka aila maʻemaʻe he thermodynamically unstable; makemake ka pae i hoʻopuehu ʻia e flocculate, e hana ana i ʻelua papa like ʻole. Hiki ke pale aku i nā mana repulsive interfacial, a hoʻemi ʻia ka ʻili o ka ʻili ma ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mea kemika kūikawā ma ka pilina aila-wai. Ma ke ʻano loea, hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia hopena i ka hana ʻoihana ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā emulsifiers kaulana e hana i nā emulsions paʻa. Pono kēlā me kēia mea i hiki ke hoʻopaʻa i nā emulsions ma kēia ʻano i kahi ʻano kemika e launa pū me nā molekole wai a me ka aila i ka manawa like, ʻo ia hoʻi ka loaʻa ʻana o hoʻokahi hui hydrophilic a me hoʻokahi hui hydrophobic.

Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā emulsions aila maka e nā mea kūlohelohe i loko o ka aila maka, kahi e loaʻa pinepine ai nā hui hana polar e like me nā hui carboxyl a i ʻole phenolic. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke ola ma ke ʻano o nā hopena a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​hui colloidal a hōʻike i kahi ʻano koʻikoʻi e adsorb ma luna o nā ʻili terminal. I kēlā mau hihia, hoʻopuehu ka hapa nui o nā microparticles i loko o ka pae aila a hōʻiliʻili ma ka interface aila-wai, kahi e kūlike ai lākou me kā lākou mau hui polar i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka pae aqueous, a laila e hana ana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni interfacial paʻa kino. Hoʻopuni ʻia kēia kiʻiʻoniʻoni e nā mea paʻa e like me nā papa particulate a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​crystals paraffin, i ʻike ʻia e ka maka ʻōlohelohe. ʻO kēia ʻano hana ke kumu o ka ʻelemakule a me nā ʻano demulsification paʻakikī o nā emulsions aila maka.

[Ua kāpae ʻia ke kikokikona Kina huikau ʻole]

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua kālele nui ka noiʻi ʻana i nā ʻano hana demulsification o nā emulsions aila maka i ka wehewehe kikoʻī ʻana o nā kaʻina hana coalescence droplet a me ka mana o nā demulsifiers ma nā waiwai rheological interfacial. Eia nō naʻe, he paʻakikī loa nā pilina ma waena o nā demulsifiers a me nā emulsions. ʻOiai ka noiʻi nui i hana ʻia ma kēia kahua, ʻaʻohe ʻaelike i hoʻokahi ʻia ma nā ʻano hana demulsification a hiki i kēia lā.

Ua wehewehe ʻia kekahi mau ʻano hana demulsification i ʻike nui ʻia e like me kēia:

③ʻAno Hoʻoheheʻe: Hiki i kahi helu hoʻokahi a liʻiliʻi paha o nā molekala demulsifier ke hōʻuluʻulu i loko o nā micelles. ʻO kēlā mau wili macromolecular a i ʻole micelles e hoʻoheheʻe i nā molekala emulsifier, e hoʻoulu ai i ka demulsification o nā emulsions aila maka.

④ʻAno Hoʻololi Pelu ʻia: Hōʻoia nā nānā ʻana o ka microscopic he mau pūpū wai concentric pālua a nui paha i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā papa aila i hui pū ʻia. Ma lalo o ka hoʻomehana ʻana i hui pū ʻia, ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka demulsifier, pili nā papa o loko o nā kulu, e hoʻoulu ai i ka hui ʻana o ka kulu a me ka demulsification.

Eia kekahi, ua noiʻi pū ka noiʻi kūloko i nā ʻano hana demulsification no nā ʻōnaehana emulsion ʻaila maka-i-ka-wai (O/W). Hōʻike nā haʻawina e pono i kahi demulsifier kūpono ke hoʻokō i nā koi koʻikoʻi ʻehā: ka hana ʻili ikaika, ka wettability maikaʻi loa, ka lawa ʻana o ka flocculation, a me ka hana coalescence koʻikoʻi.

Hoʻopili nā demulsifiers i kahi ākea o nā ʻano like ʻole. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e nā kūlana hoʻokaʻawale surfactant, hāʻule lākou i ʻehā mau ʻano: cationic, anionic, nonionic, a me amphoteric demulsifiers.

ʻO nā mea hoʻohemo anionic e komo pū me nā carboxylates, sulfonates, a me nā paʻakai polyoxyethylene fatty sulfate, e ʻeha ana i nā pilikia e like me nā koi dosage kiʻekiʻe, ka pono demulsification mediocre, a me ka hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia ka hana i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā electrolytes.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻohemo cationic he mau paʻakai ammonium quaternary, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka hana demulsification kupaianaha no ka ʻaila maka māmā akā ʻaʻole kūpono no ka ʻaila kaumaha a me ka ʻaila maka kahiko.

Nā mea hoʻohemo ʻole ionicʻo ka hapa nui he mau polyethers poloka i hoʻomaka ʻia e nā amines, nā polyethers poloka i hoʻomaka ʻia e nā alcohols, nā polyethers poloka resin alkylphenol-formaldehyde, nā polyethers poloka resin phenol-amine-formaldehyde, nā demulsifiers i loaʻa ka silicon, nā demulsifiers kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe loa, nā polyphosphates, nā polyethers poloka i hoʻololi ʻia, a me nā demulsifiers amphoteric i hōʻike ʻia e nā demulsifiers ʻaila maka i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka imidazoline.