Bua ka li-demulsifier tsa oli e tala

Mokhoa oa oli e talali-demulsifierke mokhoa oa phetoho ea phetoho ea mohato le morao. Ho eketsoa ha li-demulsifier ho baka phetoho ea mohato, e hlahisangli-surfactant(di-demulsifier tse ka morao) tse etsang di-emulsion tsa mofuta o fapaneng le tse bopilweng ke di-emulsifier. Di-demulsifier tse jwalo di arabela le di-emulsifier tse sa rateheng ho etsa di-complexes, ka hona di amoha di-emulsifier bokgoni ba tsona ba ho etsa emulsifier.

Mokhoa oa ho phatloha ha filimi ea interfacial. Tlas'a maemo a ho futhumatsa kapa a ho hlohlelletsa, li-demulsifier li fumana menyetla e mengata ea ho thulana le filimi ea interfacial ea li-emulsion, ho monya filimi ea interfacial, kapa ho tlosa karolo ea lintho tse sebetsang holim'a eona. Sena se tabola filimi ea interfacial, se fokotsa botsitso ba eona haholo 'me se lebisa ho demulsification ka ho flocculation le coalescence.

Hangata li-emulsion tsa oli e tala li hlaha nakong ea tlhahiso le tlhoekiso ea lihlahisoa tsa peterole. Bongata ba oli e tala e kholo lefatšeng ka bophara e ntšoa ka mokhoa oa li-emulsion. Emulsion e na le bonyane metsi a mabeli a sa tsoakoang, ao e 'ngoe ea 'ona e emisitsoeng e le li-dispersion tse tšesaane haholo.—marotholi a bophara ba hoo e ka bang 1 mm—ka hara mokelikeli o mong.

E 'ngoe ea lino tsena hangata ke metsi, 'me e 'ngoe hangata ke oli. Oli e ka 'na ea hasana e le marotholi a manyenyane ka har'a metsi, ea etsa emulsion ea oli ka metsing, moo metsi a sebetsang e le mohato o tsoelang pele le oli e le mohato o hasaneng. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha oli e sebetsa e le mohato o tsoelang pele le metsi e le mohato o hasaneng, emulsion e aroloa e le metsi ka har'a oli. Bongata ba li-emulsion tsa oli e tala li oela sehlopheng sena.

Limolek'hule tsa metsi lia hohelana, 'me limolek'hule tsa oli li itšoara ka tsela e tšoanang. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le matla a ho nyonya pakeng tsa limolek'hule tsa metsi ka bomong le limolek'hule tsa oli, tse sebetsang sebakeng sa oli le metsi. Khatello ea bokaholimo e fokotsa sebaka sa sebaka sena sa sebaka. Ka lebaka lena, marotholi a metsi ka har'a li-emulsion tsa metsi-ka-oli (W/O) a nka sebopeho se chitja. Ho feta moo, marotholi a metsi a arohaneng a atisa ho theha lihlopha tseo sebaka sa tsona sa bokaholimo se leng se senyenyane ho feta kakaretso ea libaka tsa bokaholimo tsa marotholi 'ohle a arohaneng. Ka lebaka leo, li-emulsion tse entsoeng ka metsi a hloekileng le oli e hloekileng feela ha li tsitse ka mokhoa oa thermodynamic; karolo e hasaneng e atisa ho flocculate, e etsa mekhahlelo e 'meli e fapaneng. Matla a ho nyonya a ka thijoa, 'me khatello ea bokaholimo e fokotsoe ka ho bokella lintho tse khethehileng tsa lik'hemik'hale sebakeng sa oli le metsi. Ha e le hantle, phello ena e sebelisoa haholo tlhahisong ea indasteri ka ho eketsa li-emulsifier tse tsebahalang ho hlahisa li-emulsion tse tsitsitseng. Ntho efe kapa efe e khonang ho tsitsisa li-emulsion ka tsela ena e tlameha ho ba le sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale se sebelisanang le limolek'hule tsa metsi le oli ka nako e le 'ngoe, e leng se nang le sehlopha se le seng sa hydrophilic le sehlopha se le seng sa hydrophilic.

Li-emulsion tsa oli e tala li tsitsisoa ke lintho tsa tlhaho tse fumanehang oli e tala, tseo hangata li nang le lihlopha tse sebetsang tsa polar joalo ka lihlopha tsa carboxyl kapa tsa phenolic. Lintho tsena li ka ba teng ka mokhoa oa litharollo kapa li-colloidal dispersions 'me li bontša tšekamelo e hlahelletseng ea ho monya holim'a libaka tse qetellang. Maemong a joalo, boholo ba li-microparticles lia hasana ka har'a karolo ea oli 'me li bokellana sebakeng sa oli le metsi, moo li lumellanang le lihlopha tsa tsona tsa polar tse shebaneng le karolo ea metsi, qetellong li theha filimi e tsitsitseng ea 'mele ea interfacial. Filimi ena e koahetsoe ke lintho tse tiileng tse kang likaroloana kapa likristale tsa parafini, tse bonahalang ka mahlo a hlobotseng. Mokhoa ona o ikarabella bakeng sa litšobotsi tsa botsofali le tse thata tsa demulsification tsa li-emulsion tsa oli e tala.

[Mongolo oa Sechaena o sothehileng o siiloe]

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, lipatlisiso mabapi le mekhoa ea ho tlosa mokelikeli oa oli e tala li shebane haholo le tlhaloso e qaqileng ea lits'ebetso tsa ho kopanya marotholi le tšusumetso ea li-demulsifier holim'a thepa ea rheological ea interfacial. Leha ho le joalo, likamano lipakeng tsa li-demulsifier le li-emulsion li rarahane haholo. Ho sa tsotellehe lipatlisiso tse pharaletseng tse entsoeng tšimong ena, ha ho na tumellano e kopaneng mabapi le mekhoa ea ho tlosa mokelikeli ho fihlela joale.

Mekhoa e 'maloa ea demulsification e tsebahalang haholo e hlalositsoe ka tsela e latelang:

③Mokhoa oa ho Qhibilihisa: Palo e le 'ngoe kapa e nyane ea limolek'hule tsa demulsifier li ka bokana ho ba li-micelles. Li-coil tse joalo tsa macromolecular kapa li-micelles li qhibilihisa limolek'hule tsa emulsifier, e leng se bakang ho fokotsoa ha li-emulsion tsa oli e tala.

④Mokhoa oa ho Fetola Metsoako o Menoang: Liteko tsa microscopic li tiisa hore li-emulsion tsa W/O li na le likhetla tsa metsi tse habeli kapa tse ngata tse kopaneng tse arotsoeng ke li-interlayers tsa oli. Tlas'a kalafo e kopaneng ea ho futhumatsa, ho hlohlelletsa le ho tlosa mokelikeli, likarolo tsa ka hare tsa marotholi lia kopana, li baka ho kopana ha marotholi le ho tlosa mokelikeli.

Ho phaella moo, dipatlisiso tsa lehae di boetse di batlisisitse mekgwa ya ho tlosa mokelikeli bakeng sa ditsamaiso tsa ho tlosa mokelikeli wa oli e tala metsing (O/W). Diphuputso di bontsha hore demulsifier e loketseng e lokela ho kgotsofatsa ditlhoko tse nne tsa bohlokwa: tshebetso e matla ya bokahodimo, ho kgona ho koloba hantle, bokgoni bo lekaneng ba ho phaphamala, le tshebetso e ikgethang ya ho kopanya dintho.

Di-demulsifier di akaretsa mefuta e mengata e fapaneng. Di arotswe ka maemo a ho arola di-surfactant, di wela ka mefuta e mene: di-cationic, di-anionic, di-nonionic, le di-amphoteric demulsifiers.

Li-demulsifier tsa Anionic li kenyelletsa li-carboxylate, li-sulfonate, le letsoai la polyoxyethylene fatty sulfate, tse nang le mathata a kang litlhoko tse phahameng tsa tekanyo, bokhoni bo mahareng ba ho tlosa mulsification, le ho ba kotsing ea ho senyeha ha ts'ebetso ho bakoang ke li-electrolyte.

Li-demulsifier tsa cationic ke matsoai a ammonium a quaternary haholo-holo, a fanang ka ts'ebetso e ikhethang ea demulsification bakeng sa oli e tala e bobebe empa a sa lokela oli e boima le oli e tala e tsofetseng.

Li-demulsifier tse seng tsa ionichaholo-holo li na le li-polyether tse thibelang tse qaliloeng ke li-amine, li-polyether tse thibelang tse qaliloeng ke li-alcohols, li-polyether tse thibelang resin ea alkylphenol-formaldehyde, li-polyether tse thibelang resin ea phenol-amine-formaldehyde, li-demulsifier tse nang le silicon, li-demulsifier tse boima ba limolek'hule tse phahameng haholo, li-polyphosphate, li-polyether tse fetotsoeng tsa block, hammoho le li-demulsifier tsa amphoteric tse emeloang ke li-demulsifier tsa oli e tala tse thehiloeng ho imidazoline.