Maitiro emafuta asina kucheneswazvinobvisa musulindiyo nzira yekuchinja-chinja kwechikamu. Kuwedzerwa kwezvinoshandiswa mukuchinja-chinja kwechikamu kunokonzera shanduko yechikamu, zvichigadzirazvinhu zvinoshandisa masurfactant(reverse demulsifiers) dzinogadzira emulsifiers dzemhando yakasiyana nedzinogadzirwa nema emulsifiers. Ma demulsifiers akadaro anoita nema hydrophobic emulsifiers kuti agadzire ma complexes, nokudaro achibvisa emulsifiers simba rawo re emulsifying.
Maitiro ekuputika kwefirimu repakati pechiso. Kana zvinhu zvichidziya kana kusanganiswa, zvinobvisa maburi zvinowana mikana yakawanda yekusangana nefirimu repakati pechiso re emulsions, kunyudza pafirimu repakati pechiso, kana kubvisa chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshanda pamusoro. Izvi zvinopwanya firimu repakati pechiso, zvichideredza kugadzikana kwaro zvakanyanya uye zvichikonzera kubviswa kwemulsification kuburikidza ne flocculation uye coalescence.
Mafuta asina kucheneswa anowanzoonekwa panguva yekugadzira nekucheneswa kwemafuta. Mafuta mazhinji asina kucheneswa pasi rose anotorwa muchimiro chemafuta asina kucheneswa. Mafuta ane mvura mbiri dzisingasanganisike, imwe yacho inonyungudutswa zvakanaka.—madonhwe ane dhayamita inosvika 1 mm—mune imwe mvura.
Chimwe chezvinwiwa izvi chinowanzova mvura, uye chimwe chinowanzova mafuta. Oiri inogona kupararira semadonhwe madiki mumvura, zvichiita emulsion yemafuta mumvura, uko mvura inoshanda sechikamu chinoenderera mberi uye mafuta sechikamu chinopararira. Kusiyana neizvi, kana mafuta achishanda sechikamu chinoenderera mberi uye mvura sechikamu chinopararira, emulsion inoiswa muchikamu chemvura-mumafuta. Mazhinji emafuta asina kucheneswa anowira muchikamu ichi.
Mamorekuru emvura anokweverana, uye mamorekuru emafuta anoita zvakafanana. Zvisinei, kune masimba anodzinga aripo pakati pemamorekuru emvura ega ega nemamorekuru emafuta, ayo anoshanda panzvimbo inopindirana mafuta nemvura. Kusimba kwemvura kunoderedza nzvimbo inopindirana. Nekuda kweizvi, madonhwe emvura mu emulsions yemvura-mu-oiri (W/O) anotora chimiro chedenderedzwa. Uyezve, madonhwe emvura akasiyana anowanzo gadzira ma aggregates ane nzvimbo yese yepamusoro idiki pane huwandu hwenzvimbo dzepamusoro dzemadonhwe ese akasiyana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, emulsions inoumbwa nemvura yakachena chete nemafuta akachena haina kugadzikana mu thermodynamically; chikamu chakapararira chinowanzo tenderera, chichiita zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana. Masimba anodzinga pakati pechiso anogona kudziviswa, uye kusimba kwemvura kunoderedzwa nekuunganidza zvinhu zvakakosha zvemakemikari panzvimbo inopindirana mafuta nemvura. Muchokwadi, mhedzisiro iyi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri nekuwedzera ma emulsifier anozivikanwa kuti agadzire ma emulsions akagadzikana. Chero chinhu chinokwanisa kudzikamisa ma emulsions nenzira iyi chinofanira kunge chine chimiro chemakemikari chinosangana nemamorekuru emvura nemafuta panguva imwe chete, icho chine boka rimwe rinotsamira mvura uye boka rimwe rinotsamira mvura.
Mafuta emulsions asina kucheneswa anogadziriswa nezvinhu zvakasikwa zviri mumafuta asina kucheneswa, ayo anowanzo takura mapoka anoshanda epolar akadai se carboxyl kana phenolic groups. Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kuvapo muchimiro chemhinduro kana colloidal dispersions uye zvinoratidza katsika kekunamatira panzvimbo dzakatarwa. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, ma microparticles mazhinji anopararira mukati mechikamu chemafuta uye anoungana panzvimbo inopindirana nemvura nemafuta, uko anoenzanisa mapoka avo epolar akananga kuchikamu chemvura, zvichizopedzisira zvaita firimu re interfacial rakasimba. Firimu iri rakaputirwa nezvinhu zvakasimba zvakafanana nezvikamu zve particles kana paraffin crystals, zvinoonekwa nemaziso asina kupfeka. Iyi nzira inotsanangura kukwegura uye kuoma kwe demulsification kwemafuta asina kucheneswa.
[Mashoko echiChinese asina basa akasiiwa]
Mumakore achangopfuura, tsvakiridzo pamusoro penzira dzekubvisa musuru dzemafuta asina kucheneswa yakatarisana zvakanyanya nekutsanangurwa kwakadzama kwemaitiro ekubatanidza madonhwe uye pesvedzero yekubvisa musuru pahunhu hwe rheological hwe interfacial. Kunyange zvakadaro, kudyidzana pakati pekubvisa musuru nekubvisa musuru kwakaoma zvikuru. Pasinei netsvakiridzo yakakura yakaitwa munharaunda iyi, hapana chibvumirano chakabatana pamusoro penzira dzekubvisa musuru kusvika pari zvino.
Nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinozivikanwa zvikuru dzekubvisa mulsification dzakatsanangurwa seizvi:
③Nzira Yokunyungudutsa: Nhamba imwe chete kana diki yemamorekuru e demulsifier anogona kuungana kuita micelles. Makorokoro akadai e macromolecular kana micelles anonyungudutsa mamorekuru e emulsifier, zvichikonzera demulsification ye crude oil emulsions.
④Mechanism yeKuchinja-chinja Kwakapetwa: Kuongororwa kwemicroscopic kunosimbisa kuti W/O emulsions ine magoko emvura maviri kana akawanda akapatsanurwa nemafuta akapatsanurwa. Pasi pekurapwa kwekupisa, kusanganisa uye kubvisa munyu, maronda emukati emadonhwe anosangana, zvichikonzera kubatana kwemadonhwe uye kubvisa munyu.
Pamusoro pezvo, tsvakiridzo yemuno yakaongororawo nzira dzekubvisa musanganiswa wemafuta mumvura (O/W). Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti demulsifier yakakodzera inofanira kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvina zvakakosha: kushanda kwakasimba pamusoro, kunyorova kwakanyanya, kugona kuyerera kwakakwana, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwekubatana kwemafuta.
Zvidziviriro zvinosanganisa mhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvichipatsanurwa zvichienderana nemazinga ekuisa zvinhu muzvikamu, zvinowira mumhando ina: cationic, anionic, nonionic, uye amphoteric demulsifiers.
Zvidziviriro zveAnionic zvinosanganisira makabhokisi, sulfonates, uye polyoxyethylene fatty sulfate salts, zvine matambudziko akadai sekudiwa kwemushonga wakawanda, kushanda zvakanaka kwe demulsification, uye mukana wekudzikira kwekushanda kunokonzerwa nema electrolytes.
Ma "cationic demulsifiers" anonyanya kushandiswa mu "quaternary ammonium salts", ayo anoita kuti mafuta asina kucheneruka ashande zvakanaka asi asingakodzeri mafuta ane mafuta akawanda nemafuta asina kucheneswa akwegura.
Zvidziviriri zveNonionicZvikuru zvinoumbwa nema block polyethers anotangwa nema amines, block polyethers anotangwa nema alcohols, alkylphenol-formaldehyde resin block polyethers, phenol-amine-formaldehyde resin block polyethers, silicon-containing demulsifiers, ultra-high molecular weight demulsifiers, polyphosphates, modified block polyethers, pamwe chete ne amphoteric demulsifiers inomiririrwa nema imidazoline-based crude oil demulsifiers.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-09-2026