Kedu ihe bụ àgwà na njirimara nke cationic surfactants abụọ ahụ?

Ihe ndị na-eme ka a na-ahụ maka cationic surfactantsỌ na-ebu ihe dị iche na nke anionic surfactants, ya mere a na-akpọkarị ha "ncha ndị a tụgharịrị agbanwe". N'ihe gbasara kemịkal, ha nwere opekata mpe otu ogologo.―otu hydrophobic chain na otu dị mma―Otu hydrophilic a na-agbaze agbaze.―A na-esikarị na abụba ma ọ bụ petrochemicals enweta otu hydrophobic chain dị iche iche; ya mere, fatty amine na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka cationic surfactants. Cationic surfactants na-enwe obere ihe nhicha ahụ, mana ha nwere ihe ndị na-egbu nje bacteria pụtara ìhè ma nwee mmetụta dị elu maka ịmịnye n'elu ihe siri ike. N'ihe ịchọ mma, a na-ejikarị ha eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ntutu dị nro, ihe ndị na-egbu nje bacteria, ihe ndị na-eme ka bacteriostatic dị nro, ihe ndị na-eme ka ahụ dị nro na ihe ndị na-egbochi ya.―ihe mgbakwunye caries.

 

Nnu Amine Dị Oke Ọbara

Amine ndị nwere abụba bụ ntọala organic n'ezie. A naghị agba ha ọkụ n'ime mmiri na-anọpụ iche ma anaghị egosi ọrụ elu cationic n'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, ha na-aghọkwa lipophilic na pH karịrị 7. Nnu amine ndị dị ala nke a na-enweta site na neutralization na inorganic acid ma ọ bụ organic nwere ike ịgbaze zuru oke ma a na-amata ha nke ọma dị ka cationic surfactants dị irè. Nnu organic na-abụkarị mmiri karịa.―nnu ndị na-agbaze agbaze karịa nnu ndị na-adịghị n'ime ihe ndị dị ndụ. A naghị etinye ha n'ime ihe ndị e ji asa ákwà na ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha.

Ọ bụghị―Ụdị cationic nke quaternary na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na pH, ion multivalent na electrolytes.

Ethoxylation nke abụba amine na-emepụta amine ethoxylated. Mgbe mgbanwe pH gasịrị, surfactants ndị dị otú ahụ na-adakọ na cationic surfactants ma na-enye ihe nhicha dị mma.

Nwepụ nke abụba amine na salicylic acid ma ọ bụα‌chlorobenzoic acid nwere ike ime ka ọrụ antifungal ha ka mma.

Ngwakọta ammonium nke Quaternary sitere na amine abụba bụ ụdị cationic surfactants kachasị eji.

Nnu ammonium nke Quaternary na-egosi ezigbo nkwụsi ike na mpaghara acidic ma ọ bụ alkaline (n'okpuru 100°C). A na-ejikọta ike ha na alkyl―Ogologo agbụ ígwè: agbụ ígwè alkyl dị ogologo na-adaba na obere mmiri na-agbaze. Nnu ammonium Monoalkyltrimethyl quaternary nwere C16―A naghị agbaze agbụ C18 n'ime mmiri, a naghị agbazekwa ya n'ime ihe mgbaze polar, a naghịkwa agbazekwa ya n'ime ihe ndị na-abụghị nke a na-akpọ polar solubles.―ihe mgbaze polar. Nnu ammonium dialkyldimethyl quaternary na-agbaze n'ime ihe na-abụghị nke polar.―ihe mgbaze polar mana ha anaghị agbaze n'ime mmiri.

Ọrụ pụrụ iche nke nnu ammonium nke quaternary na-arụ site na mmịpụta ha gaa na nke na-adịghị mma.―ebe a na-agbaze agbaze, yana mmetụta ha na-akpata nje bacteria na nje bacteria. E kwesịrị ịkọwa ya nke ọma na njikọta ya na anionic surfactants, oxides, peroxides, silicates, silver nitrate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, borax, kaolin, protein na ụfọdụ polymers na-akpata mbelata ọrụ ma ọ bụ turbidity nke nje bacteria.

Ngụkọta nnu alkyl quaternary ammonium na-adabere n'ụdị hydrophilic ha; ọtụtụ otu hydrophilic na-eme ka mmiri na-agbaze nke ọma. Nkwadebe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyere 5 ngwọta isopropanol wt% ma ọ bụ 10 mmiri mmiri wt% nwere oke pH nke 6―9. Ha nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ, na-eguzogide ìhè, okpomọkụ, asịd siri ike na alkalis siri ike, ma na-egosipụta ịbanye n'ime ahụ, ihe ndị na-egbochi mmebi ahụ, ọrụ nje bacteria (kachasị mma maka C12)―(C16 homologues) na nchara pụtara ìhè―na-egbochi arụmọrụ. Nnu ammonium Alkyldimethyl quaternary nwere ogologo abụọ―ihe ndị dị ka alkyl hydrophobic. Ha nwere ihe ndị na-eme ka ahụ dị nro ma na-egbochi ihe ndị na-adịghị emerụ ahụ, tinyere ikike igbu nje bacteria dị mma, tinyere ezigbo mmiri mmiri na ime ka ihe na-agbaze. Ha anaghị akpasu iwe karịa alkyltrimethyl quaternary ammonium salts. Ha na-egosipụta àgwà cationic n'okpuru ọnọdụ acidic na-adịghị ike ma na-emepụta ihe na-abụghị acidic.―ụdị ionic n'okpuru ọnọdụ na-anọpụ iche na alkaline.

 

Nnu Alkyl Imidazoline

A na-emepụta alkyl imidazolines site na iji ethylenediamines dochie anya mmeghachi omume nke abụba. Mgbe a na-ekpo ọkụ (karịsịa 220).―240°C), amidoethylamine nke a rụpụtara na-agbanwe ka ọ bụrụ alkyl imidazoline.

Alkyl imidazoline bụ amine monocyclic tertiary organic ma na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ntọala siri ike. Dịka ihe na-eme ka a na-akpọ cationic surfactant, ọ na-abanye nke ọma n'ahụ adịghị mma.―Ebe a na-ebu ibu dịka ntutu isi, akpụkpọ ahụ, ezé, iko, akwụkwọ, eriri, ọla na silicon―ihe ndị nwere ihe. Nnu e ji mmiri mepụta―asịd ndị a na-agbaze agbaze na-etolite gels n'ọtụtụ dị elu. Nnu nke acetic acid, nicotinic acid, phosphoric acid na sulfuric acid bụ mmiri―a na-agbaze, ebe ogologo oge ha dị―abụba yinye―nnu asịd bụ mmanụ―Ha na-egosi ezigbo nkwụsi ike nchekwa n'okpuru mmiri mmiri―ihe akaebe na-egosi, mana mmiri ozuzo kristal nwere ike ime mgbe ogologo oge gasịrị―nchekwa oge ma ọ bụ na obere okpomọkụ; enwere ike iweghachi ịdị n'otu site na ikpo ọkụ na ịkpalite. Ikpughe na mmiri ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri na-akpali hydrolysis nwayọ nwayọ nke na-agbanwe ọrụ ha. Okpomọkụ ogologo oge ọbụna ruo 165°C anaghị emebi nkwụsi ike, ọ bụ ezie na agba nwere ike ime. Ọ dị mkpa ịmara na alkyl imidazoline, dịka ntọala siri ike, na-akpasu akpụkpọ ahụ na anya iwe nke ukwuu, ebe nnu alkyl imidazoline nwere obere iwe.