Cov tshuaj cationic surfactantsnqa cov nqi tawm tsam cov neeg ua haujlwm anionic surfactants, yog li lawv feem ntau hu ua "xab npum tig rov qab". Chemically, lawv muaj tsawg kawg yog ib qho ntev-pawg hydrophobic saw thiab ib qho zoo-pawg hydrophilic them. Qhov ntev-Cov pab pawg hydrophobic saw feem ntau yog los ntawm cov roj fatty acids lossis petrochemicals; yog li ntawd, cov roj amines ua haujlwm ua cov khoom siv raw tseem ceeb rau cationic surfactants. Cationic surfactants qhia txog kev ntxuav tsawg, tab sis lawv muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv kab mob thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo rau kev nqus mus rau ntawm cov chaw tawv. Hauv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce, lawv feem ntau siv ua cov tshuaj pleev plaub hau, cov kab mob tua kab mob, cov neeg sawv cev bacteriostatic, cov tshuaj ua kom mos thiab tiv thaiv-cov khoom siv ntxiv rau cov kab mob caries.
Cov roj amines yog cov organic bases hauv essence. Lawv tsis muaj charged nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj neutral thiab tsis qhia tias muaj cationic surface activity nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, thiab dhau los ua lipophilic ntawm pH tus nqi saum toj no 7. Tertiary amine ntsev tau los ntawm kev neutralization nrog inorganic lossis organic acids muaj txaus solubility thiab raug lees paub tag nrho raws li cationic surfactants zoo. Organic ntsev feem ntau yog dej ntau dua-yaj tau ntau dua li cov ntsev inorganic. Lawv tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav.
Tsis yog-Cov hom quaternary cationic muaj kev rhiab heev rau pH, multivalent ions thiab electrolytes.
Ethoxylation ntawm cov roj amines ua rau muaj cov amines ethoxylated. Tom qab kev hloov kho pH, cov surfactants no sib xws nrog cov cationic surfactants thiab xa cov tshuaj ntxuav zoo.
Kev tshem tawm cov roj amines nrog salicylic acid los yogα-chlorobenzoic acid tuaj yeem txhim kho lawv cov kev ua haujlwm antifungal.
Cov tshuaj quaternary ammonium uas tau los ntawm cov amines fatty yog cov tshuaj cationic surfactants uas siv ntau tshaj plaws.
Cov ntsev ammonium quaternary qhia tau tias muaj kev ruaj khov zoo hauv cov kua qaub lossis alkaline media (qis dua 100)°C). Lawv cov solubility yog correlated nrog alkyl-qhov ntev ntawm cov saw hlau: cov saw hlau alkyl ntev dua sib raug rau qhov qis dua solubility hauv dej. Monoalkyltrimethyl quaternary ammonium ntsev nrog C16-C18 saw hlau yog sparingly soluble nyob rau hauv dej, soluble nyob rau hauv polar solvents, thiab insoluble nyob rau hauv cov uas tsis yog-cov kuab tshuaj polar. Dialkyldimethyl quaternary ammonium ntsev yaj rau hauv cov uas tsis yog-cov kuab tshuaj polar tab sis tsis yaj hauv dej.
Cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntsev quaternary ammonium yog los ntawm lawv cov adsorption mus rau qhov tsis zoo.-Cov chaw uas muaj cov tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Yuav tsum tau hais tias kev sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj anionic surfactants, oxides, peroxides, silicates, silver nitrate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, borax, kaolin, proteins thiab qee cov polymers feem ntau ua rau txo qis kev ua haujlwm tua kab mob lossis turbidity.
Qhov solubility ntawm alkyl quaternary ammonium ntsev nyob ntawm lawv cov hydrophilic pawg; ntau hydrophilic pawg coj zoo dua dej solubility. Cov kev npaj ib txwm muaj xws li 5 wt% isopropanol cov kua los yog 10 wt% cov kua dej nrog pH ntau ntawm 6-9. Lawv muaj kev ruaj khov tshuaj zoo heev, tiv taus lub teeb, cua sov, cov kua qaub muaj zog thiab cov alkali muaj zog, thiab qhia tau tias nkag mus, tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, ua haujlwm tua kab mob (zoo tshaj plaws rau C12-C16 homologues) thiab corrosion zoo heev-kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Cov ntsev ammonium quaternary Alkyldimethyl muaj ob lub ntev-cov saw alkyl hydrophobic moieties. Lawv muaj cov khoom zoo softening thiab antistatic ua ke nrog lub peev xwm bactericidal nruab nrab, nrog rau kev ua kom ntub thiab emulsifying zoo. Lawv tsis khaus ntau dua li cov ntsev alkyltrimethyl quaternary ammonium. Lawv ua rau pom tus cwj pwm cationic nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej weakly acidic thiab tsim tsis...-cov hom ionic nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej nruab nrab thiab alkaline.
Cov ntsev Alkyl Imidazoline
Alkyl imidazolines raug tsim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov roj fatty acids nrog cov ethylenediamines hloov chaw. Thaum cua sov (feem ntau 220-240°C), cov amidoethylamine uas tshwm sim hloov mus ua alkyl imidazoline.
Alkyl imidazoline yog ib qho organic monocyclic tertiary amine thiab ua haujlwm ua lub hauv paus muaj zog nruab nrab. Raws li ib qho cationic surfactant ib txwm muaj, nws nqus tau zoo rau ntawm qhov tsis zoo-cov nto uas raug them xws li cov plaub hau, daim tawv nqaij, cov hniav, iav, ntawv, cov fibers, cov hlau thiab silicon-muaj cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntsev uas tsim los ntawm dej-cov kua qaub uas yaj tau feem ntau ua cov gels ntawm cov concentration siab. Cov ntsev ntawm acetic acid, nicotinic acid, phosphoric acid thiab sulfuric acid yog dej-soluble, thaum lawv ntev-cov roj saw-cov ntsev acid yog roj-yaj tau. Lawv qhia tau tias muaj kev ruaj khov zoo nyob rau hauv cov dej noo-cov xwm txheej pov thawj, txawm li cas los xij crystal precipitation yuav tshwm sim tom qab ntev-khaws cia rau ib ntus lossis ntawm qhov kub qis; qhov sib xws tuaj yeem rov qab los ntawm kev ua kom sov thiab do. Kev raug dej lossis noo noo ua rau cov hydrolysis maj mam hloov pauv lawv cov haujlwm. Kev ua kom sov ntev txog li 165°C tsis ua rau puas tsuaj rau kev ruaj khov, txawm hais tias tej zaum yuav muaj kev hloov pauv xim. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau tseg tias alkyl imidazoline, ua lub hauv paus muaj zog nruab nrab, ua rau khaus tawv nqaij thiab qhov muag, thaum cov ntsev alkyl imidazoline muaj kev khaus tsawg dua.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Yim Hli-25-2026