Kodi makhalidwe ndi makhalidwe a ma cationic surfactants awiri ndi ati?

Ma surfactants a CationicAli ndi mphamvu zosiyana ndi za ma surfactants a anionic, kotero nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "sopo wopindika". Mwa mankhwala, ali ndi mphamvu imodzi kapena zingapo.‑gulu la chain hydrophobic ndi limodzi labwino‑Gulu la hydrophilic lomwe lili ndi mphamvu.‑Magulu a chain hydrophobic nthawi zambiri amachokera ku mafuta acids kapena petrochemicals; motero, ma fatty amines amagwira ntchito ngati zinthu zofunika kwambiri zopangira ma cationic surfactants. Ma cationic surfactants ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zoyeretsera, komabe ali ndi mphamvu zodziwika bwino zotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya komanso mphamvu yayikulu yoyamwa pamalo olimba. Mu zodzoladzola, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zodzola tsitsi, mabakiteriya, ma bacteriostatic agents, zofewetsa komanso zotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya.‑zowonjezera za caries.

 

Mchere wa Amine Wonenepa

Mafuta amine ndi maziko achilengedwe. Sali ndi mphamvu m'njira zopanda mphamvu ndipo sawonetsa ntchito ya cationic pamwamba pa zinthu zotere, ndipo amakhala ndi lipophilic pa pH yoposa 7. Mchere wa amine wapamwamba womwe umapezeka kudzera mu neutralization yokhala ndi ma inorganic kapena organic acids uli ndi kusungunuka kokwanira ndipo umadziwika bwino ngati ma cationic surfactants ogwira ntchito. Mchere wachilengedwe nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi madzi ambiri.‑Sungunuka kuposa mchere wosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Sizimaphatikizidwa kawirikawiri mu sopo ndi mankhwala otsukira.

Ayi‑Mitundu ya cationic ya quaternary imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi pH, ma ion ambiri ndi ma electrolyte.

Kuchuluka kwa mafuta amines kumabweretsa ma ethoxylated amines. Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa pH, ma surfactants oterewa amagwirizana ndi ma cationic surfactants ndipo amapereka detergent yokwanira.

Kuchepetsa mafuta a amines pogwiritsa ntchito salicylic acid kapenaα‑chlorobenzoic acid imatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yawo yoteteza ku ma fungal.

Mankhwala a quaternary ammonium ochokera ku mafuta amines ndi gulu logwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri la ma cationic surfactants.

Mchere wa ammonium wa Quaternary umakhala wokhazikika bwino mu acidic kapena alkaline media (pansi pa 100°C). Kusungunuka kwawo kumagwirizana ndi alkyl‑Utali wa unyolo: unyolo wautali wa alkyl umagwirizana ndi kusungunuka kochepa kwa madzi. Mchere wa Monoalkyltrimethyl quaternary ammonium wokhala ndi C16‑Maunyolo a C18 amasungunuka pang'ono m'madzi, amasungunuka mu zosungunulira za polar, ndipo sasungunuka mu zinthu zopanda‑zosungunulira za polar. Mchere wa Dialkyldimethyl quaternary ammonium umasungunuka mu‑zosungunulira za polar koma sizisungunuka m'madzi.

Ntchito yapadera ya mchere wa quaternary ammonium imachokera ku kuyamwa kwawo molakwika.‑Malo okhala ndi ma charge komanso mphamvu zake zophera mabakiteriya komanso zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Tiyenera kutsindika kuti kuphatikiza ndi ma anionic surfactants, ma oxides, ma peroxides, ma silicates, silver nitrate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, borax, kaolin, mapuloteni ndi ma polima ena nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa ntchito ya mabakiteriya kapena matope.

Kusungunuka kwa mchere wa alkyl quaternary ammonium kumadalira magulu awo okonda madzi; magulu ambiri okonda madzi amabweretsa kusungunuka kwabwino kwa madzi. Zokonzekera wamba zimaphatikizapo 5 wt% yankho la isopropanol kapena 10 Mayankho amadzi okhala ndi wt% okhala ndi pH ya 6‑9. Ali ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwa mankhwala, amalimbana ndi kuwala, kutentha, ma asidi amphamvu ndi ma alkali amphamvu, ndipo amasonyeza kulowa mkati, mphamvu zotsutsana ndi static, komanso mphamvu yopha mabakiteriya (abwino kwambiri pa C12).‑C16 homologues) ndi dzimbiri lodabwitsa‑kuletsa kugwira ntchito. Mchere wa Alkyldimethyl quaternary ammonium uli ndi ziwiri zazitali‑Amakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino zofewetsa komanso zotsutsana ndi kutentha kwa nthaka, komanso amatha kunyowetsa bwino komanso kusakaniza bwino zinthu. Sakwiya kwambiri ngati mchere wa alkyltrimethyl quaternary ammonium. Amakhala ndi mphamvu ya cationic m'malo okhala ndi asidi pang'ono ndipo samapanga zinthu zotsutsana ndi kutentha kwa nthaka.‑mitundu ya ionic pansi pa mikhalidwe yopanda mbali komanso ya alkaline.

 

Mchere wa Alkyl Imidazoline

Ma Alkyl imidazoline amapangidwa pochita zinthu ndi mafuta acids omwe amalowa m'malo mwa ethylenediamines. Akatenthedwa (nthawi zambiri 220)‑240°C), amidoethylamine yomwe imachokera imasanduka alkyl imidazoline.

Alkyl imidazoline ndi amine yachilengedwe ya monocyclic tertiary ndipo imagwira ntchito ngati maziko olimba pang'ono. Monga cationic surfactant wamba, imalowa mwamphamvu mu molakwika.‑malo okhala ndi mphamvu monga tsitsi, khungu, mano, galasi, mapepala, ulusi, zitsulo ndi silikoni‑Mchere wopangidwa ndi madzi‑Ma asidi osungunuka nthawi zambiri amapanga ma gels okhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu. Mchere wa acetic acid, nicotinic acid, phosphoric acid ndi sulfuric acid ndi madzi.‑zosungunuka, pomwe zazitali‑mafuta a unyolo‑mchere wa asidi ndi mafuta‑Zimasungunuka. Zimasonyeza kukhazikika bwino kosungirako pansi pa chinyezi‑umboni, koma mvula ya kristalo ikhoza kuchitika patatha nthawi yayitali‑Kusungidwa kwakanthawi kapena kutentha kochepa; kufanana kumatha kubwezeretsedwa mwa kutenthetsa ndi kusakaniza. Kukhudzana ndi madzi kapena chinyezi kumayambitsa hydrolysis pang'onopang'ono yomwe imasintha magwiridwe antchito awo. Kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali ngakhale mpaka madigiri 165°C siisokoneza kukhazikika kwa khungu, ngakhale kuti mtundu wake ukhoza kusintha. N'zodziwikiratu kuti alkyl imidazoline, monga maziko olimba pang'ono, imakwiyitsa khungu ndi maso kwambiri, pomwe mchere wa alkyl imidazoline uli ndi kukwiyitsa kochepa kwambiri.