Zvishandiso zveCationicAne simba rakasiyana nerema anionic surfactants, saka anowanzonzi "sipo dzakapindurwa". Pamakemikari, ane kanenge sipo imwe chete yakareba.-boka rechain risingatyisi mvura uye rimwe chete rakanaka-boka rinofema mvura rakachajwa.-Mapoka emhando ye "chain hydrophobic" anowanzo torwa kubva mumafuta acids kana petrochemicals; saka, mafuta amines anoshanda sezvinhu zvakakosha zve "cationic surfactants". "Cationic surfactants" haaratidzi detergent yakakwana, asi ane hunhu hwakakura hwemabhakitiriya uye hukama hwakakura hwekusveta bvudzi panzvimbo dzakaoma. Muzvizoro, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya se "hair conditioners", "bacteriacides", "bacterial agents", "softeners" uye "anti-depressants".-zvinowedzera caries.
Mafuta amines ndiwo mabhesi eorganic. Haapiswi mumhinduro dzisina kusimba uye haaratidze cationic surface activity mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, uye anova lipophilic pa pH values iri pamusoro pe7. Munyu weTertiary amine unowanikwa kuburikidza ne neutralization ne inorganic kana organic acids une solubility yakakwana uye unozivikanwa zvizere se cationic surfactants inoshanda. Munyu weorganic unowanzova mvura yakawanda.-Hainyungudike kupfuura munyu usinganyungudike. Haiwanzo sanganiswa mu sipo uye mumafuta anochenesa.
Kwete-Mhando dze cationic dze quaternary dzinonzwa zvakanyanya ku pH, ma multivalent ions uye ma electrolytes.
Kubuda kwemafuta mumafuta kunoburitsa maethoxylated amines. Mushure mekugadziriswa kwepH, masurfactants akadaro anoenderana nema cationic surfactants uye anopa detergent inogutsa.
Kusabatanidzwa kwemafuta amines ne salicylic acid kanaα‑chlorobenzoic acid inogona kuwedzera mashandiro avo ekurwisa fungus.
Makomikari eQuaternary ammonium anobva mumafuta amines ndiwo anonyanya kushandiswa emhando dze cationic surfactants.
Munyu we quaternary ammonium unoratidza kugadzikana kwakanaka mu acidic kana alkaline media (pasi pe 100°C). Kunyungudika kwavo kwakabatana nealkyl-kureba kwecheni: cheni refu dzealkyl dzinoenderana nekunyungudika kwemvura kwakaderera. Monoalkyltrimethyl quaternary ammonium salts ine C16-Maketani eC18 haanyungudike zvakanyanya mumvura, anonyungudika muzvinhu zvinonyungudutsa polar, uye haanyungudike mune zvisiri-zvinonyungudutsa polar. Munyu weDialkyldimethyl quaternary ammonium unonyungudika mune zvisiri-zvinonyungudutsa mumvura asi hazvinyungudike mumvura.
Mabasa akasiyana e quaternary ammonium salts anobva mukunyudzwa kwawo muropa zvisina kunaka.-nzvimbo dzine chaji pamwe chete nemigumisiro yadzo yekuuraya mabhakitiriya uye kuuraya utachiona. Zvinofanira kusimbiswa kuti kusanganiswa nema anionic surfactants, ma oxides, peroxides, silicates, silver nitrate, sodium citrate, sodium tartrate, borax, kaolin, mapuroteni nemamwe ma polymers zvinonyanya kukonzera kudzikira kwekushanda kwebhakitiriya kana turbidity.
Kunyungudika kwemunyu wealkyl quaternary ammonium kunoenderana nemapoka awo anonyungudika; mapoka akawanda anonyungudika anounza kunyungudika kuri nani mumvura. Magadzirirwo akajairika anosanganisira 5 wt% mhinduro dze isopropanol kana gumi mhinduro dzemvura dzine huwandu hwe wt% ine pH ye6-9. Ane kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemakemikari, anodzivirira chiedza, kupisa, maasidhi akasimba uye alkali akasimba, uye anoratidza kupinda mukati, hunhu hwekudzivirira static, uye anobatsira kuuraya mabhakitiriya (zvakanakisisa kune C12).-C16 homologues) uye ngura inoshamisa-inodzivisa kushanda. Alkyldimethyl quaternary ammonium salts ine miviri yakareba-Ane hunhu hwakanaka hwekunyorovesa uye hunodzivirira static pamwe chete nekugona kuuraya mabhakitiriya zviri pakati nepakati, pamwe chete nekuita kwakanaka kwekunyorovesa uye emulsifying. Haanyanyi kushatirisa sealkyltrimethyl quaternary ammonium salts. Anoratidza hunhu hwecationic mumamiriro ezvinhu asina acid uye haaite.-mhando dzeionic pasi pemamiriro asina kwaakarerekera uye ane alkaline.
Munyu weAlkyl Imidazoline
MaAlkyl imidazolines anogadzirwa nekuita maacids emafuta ne ethylenediamines anotsiviwa. Kana apiswa (kazhinji 220-240°C), amidoethylamine inobuda inoshanduka kuita alkyl imidazoline.
Alkyl imidazoline i organic monocyclic tertiary amine uye inoshanda se base yakasimba zvine mwero. Se cationic surfactant yakajairika, inonyungudika zvakasimba mukusagadzikana.-nzvimbo dzine chaji dzakadai sebvudzi, ganda, mazino, girazi, bepa, faibha, simbi uye silicon-ine zvinhu. Munyu unogadzirwa nemvura-maasidhi anonyungudika anowanzo gadzira majeli ane huwandu hwakawanda. Munyu weacetic acid, nicotinic acid, phosphoric acid uye sulfuric acid imvura-zvinonyungudika, nepo nguva yavo refu-mafuta echeni-munyu weasidhi mafuta-Zvinonyunguduka. Zvinoratidza kugadzikana kwakanaka pakuchengetwa kana paine hunyoro-mamiriro ezvinhu anoratidza humbowo, asi kunaya kwemvura kunogona kuitika mushure menguva refu-kuchengetwa kwenguva refu kana patembiricha yakaderera; kufanana kunogona kudzoserwa nekudziya nekukurunga. Kusangana nemvura kana hunyoro kunokonzera hydrolysis zvishoma nezvishoma iyo inochinja mashandiro azvo. Kupisa kwenguva refu kunyange kusvika ku165°C haikanganisi kugadzikana, kunyange hazvo ruvara ruchigona kuchinja. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti alkyl imidazoline, sehwaro hwakasimba zvine mwero, ine kushatirwa kwakanyanya paganda nemaziso, nepo alkyl imidazoline salts ine kushatirwa kwakaderera zvakanyanya.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-25-2026